Hurricane Agnes was the costliest hurricane to hit the United States at the time,causing an estimated $2.1 billion in damage. The hurricane's death toll was 128. The effects of Agnes were widespread,from the Caribbean to Canada,with much of the east coast of the United States affected. Damage was heaviest in Pennsylvania,where Agnes was the state's wettest tropical cyclone. Due to the significant effects,the name Agnes was retired in the spring of 1973.
Hurricane Lenny was the strongest November Atlantic hurricane since the 1932 Cuba hurricane. It was the twelfth tropical storm,eighth hurricane,and record-breaking fifth Category 4 hurricane in the 1999 Atlantic hurricane season. Lenny formed on November 13 in the western Caribbean Sea at around 18:00 UTC and went on to form and maintain an unusual and unprecedented easterly track for its entire duration,which gave it the common nickname,"Wrong Way Lenny". It attained hurricane status south of Jamaica on November 15 and passed south of Hispaniola and Puerto Rico over the next few days. Lenny rapidly intensified over the northeastern Caribbean on November 17,attaining peak winds of 155 mph (249 km/h) about 21 mi (34 km) south of Saint Croix in the United States Virgin Islands. It gradually weakened while moving through the Leeward Islands,eventually dissipating on November 23 over the open Atlantic Ocean.
Santacruz or Santa Cruz is a suburb of Mumbai. The Santacruz railway station on the Mumbai Suburban Railway,the domestic terminal (T1) of the Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport,and one campus of the University of Mumbai,are all located in Santacruz (East).
A cloudburst is a enormous amount of precipitation in a short period of time,sometimes accompanied by hail and thunder,which is capable of creating flood conditions. Cloudbursts can quickly dump large amounts of water,e.g. 25 mm of the precipitation corresponds to 25,000 metric tons per square kilometre. However,cloudbursts are infrequent as they occur only via orographic lift or occasionally when a warm air parcel mixes with cooler air,resulting in sudden condensation. At times,a large amount of runoff from higher elevations is mistakenly conflated with a cloudburst. The term "cloudburst" arose from the notion that clouds were akin to water balloons and could burst,resulting in rapid precipitation. Though this idea has since been disproven,the term remains in use.
Dharavi is a residential area in Mumbai,Maharashtra,India. It has often been considered to be one of the world's largest slums. Dharavi has an area of just over 2.39 square kilometres and a population of about 1,000,000. With a population density of over 277,136/km2 (717,780/sq mi),Dharavi is one of the most densely populated areas in the world.
Hurricane Bertha was an intense and early-forming major hurricane that affected areas from the Leeward Islands to the United States in July of the 1996 Atlantic hurricane season. The second named storm,first hurricane,and first major hurricane during the season,Bertha originated from a tropical wave that moved off the coast of Africa in early July. Steadily organizing while moving generally towards the west,the disturbance was designated as a tropical depression at 0000 UTC on July 5,and was further upgraded to a tropical storm by 1200 UTC later that day. Over the next few days,continued intensification occurred,and Bertha became a Category 1 hurricane on the Saffir-Simpson hurricane scale,the first hurricane of the season,prior to moving through the northern Leeward Islands. Late on July 8,a period of rapid intensification began,and at 0600 UTC on July 9,Bertha reached its peak intensity with maximum sustained winds of 115 mph (185 km/h) with a minimum barometric pressure of 960 mbar (28 inHg). Moving around the western periphery of the subtropical ridge,Bertha passed north of the Bahamas as a weakening hurricane before turning towards the north-northeast and undergoing another period of rapid intensification. Late on July 12,Bertha made landfall between Wrightsville Beach and Topsail Beach,North Carolina with winds of 105 mph (169 km/h). Gradual weakening ensued the following day as Bertha moved up the Mid-Atlantic and into New England before becoming an extratropical cyclone on July 14. The storm's remnants persisted for another several days,before dissipating on July 18.
The Mithi River is a river on Salsette Island,the island of the city of Mumbai,India. It is a confluence of tail-water discharges of the Powai and Vihar lakes. The river is seasonal and rises during the monsoons. The overflowing lakes also contribute to the river flow,which is stopped by a dam at other times. During this season,the gutter is a favourite with anglers,who can catch large fish that have escaped from the lakes. Chattrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport is located right next to the section of river at Andheri (E).
The Brihanmumbai Stormwater Disposal System is a project planned to overhaul Mumbai's water drainage system. The estimated budget for implementing the project is Rs. 12 billion as of August 2005. Such a high-budget project would require funds from the Central Government. Mumbai has a drainage system,which in many places,are more than 100 years old,consisting of 2,000 km of open drains,440 km of closed drains,186 outfalls and more than 30,000 water entrances. The capacity of most of the drains is around 25 mm of rain per hour during low tide,which is exceeded routinely during the monsoon season in Mumbai,which witness more than 1400 mm during June and July. The drain system works with the aid of gravity,with no pumping stations to speed up the drainage. Most of the storm water drains are also choked due to the dumping of garbage by citizens. Portions of Mumbai like Bombay Central and Tardeo remain below sea level. Reclamation of ponds and obstructions in drains due to cables and gas pipe exacerbate the problem.
The Bandra Kurla Complex is a Central business district in the city of Mumbai,India. It is a prominent upscale commercial hub which commands some of the highest property rates in the country. According to MMRDA,the complex is the first of a series of "growth centres" created to "arrest further concentration" of offices and commercial activities in eastern parts of Mumbai. It has aided to decongest the CBD in South Mumbai while seeding new areas of planned commercial real estate in the metropolitan region.
Drainage in New Orleans,Louisiana,has been a major concern since the founding of the city in the early 18th century,remaining an important factor in the history of New Orleans today. The central portion of metropolitan New Orleans is fairly unusual in that it is almost completely surrounded by water:Lake Pontchartrain to the north,Lake Borgne to the east,wetlands to the east and west,and the Mississippi River to the south. Half of the land area between these bodies of water is at or below sea level,and no longer has a natural outlet for flowing surface water. As such,virtually all rainfall occurring within this area must be removed through either evapotranspiration or pumping. Thus,flood threats to metropolitan New Orleans include the Mississippi River,Lake Pontchartrain,canals throughout the city,and natural rainfall. Artificial levees have been built to keep out rising river and lake waters but have had the negative effect of keeping rainfall in,and have failed on numerous occasions.
Mahim Creek is a creek in Bombay (Mumbai),India. The Mithi River drains into the creek which drains into the Mahim Bay. The creek forms the boundary between the Bombay City and suburbs. The creek is swamped by mangroves and has a mini-ecosystem within it.
Dahisar River is a river on Salsette island that runs through Dahisar,a suburb of Mumbai,India. It originates in the Tulsi Lake in Sanjay Gandhi National Park in the northern reaches of the city. The River flows roughly North-West for a total of 12 kilometres through the localities of the National Park,Sri Krishna Nagar,Daulatnagar,Leprosy Colony,Kandar Pada,Sanjay Nagar,and Dahisar Gaothan before meeting the Arabian sea via the Manori Creek. Its total Catchment area is 3488 hectares.
The 2004 North Indian Ocean cyclone season was the first in which tropical cyclones were officially named in the basin. Cyclone Onil,which struck India and Pakistan,was named in late September. The final storm,Cyclone Agni,was also named,and crossed into the southern hemisphere shortly before dissipation. This storm became notable during its origins and became one of the storms closest to the equator. The season was fairly active,with ten depressions forming from May to November. The India Meteorological Department designated four of these as cyclonic storms,which have maximum sustained winds of at least 65 km/h (40 mph) averaged over three minutes. The Joint Typhoon Warning Center also issued warnings for five of the storms on an unofficial basis.
The 1996 North Indian Ocean cyclone season featured several deadly tropical cyclones,with over 2,000 people killed during the year. The India Meteorological Department (IMD) –the Regional Specialized Meteorological Center for the northern Indian Ocean as recognized by the World Meteorological Organization –issued warnings for nine tropical cyclones in the region. Storms were also tracked on an unofficial basis by the American-based Joint Typhoon Warning Center,which observed one additional storm. The basin is split between the Bay of Bengal off the east coast of India and the Arabian Sea off the west coast. During the year,the activity was affected by the monsoon season,with most storms forming in June or after October.
This is a list of notable recorded floods that have occurred in India. Floods are the most common natural disaster in India. The heaviest southwest,the Brahmaputra,and other rivers to distend their banks,often flooding surrounding areas.
The 1996 Oman cyclone was a tenacious and deadly system that caused historic flooding in the southern Arabian Peninsula. It originated from a disturbance in the Gulf of Aden,the first such tropical cyclogenesis on record. After moving eastward,the system interacted with the monsoon trough and became a tropical storm on June 11. Later that day,it turned toward Oman and struck the country's southeast coast. It weakened over land,dissipating on June 12,although it continued to produce rainfall –heavy at times –over the next few days.
Following heavy rain in July 2017,the Indian state of Gujarat was affected by severe flooding. The floods were reported to have caused total 224 deaths between 1 June and 31 July 2017. 16 people had died in neighbouring Rajasthan state by 31 July.
Widespread monsoon flooding occurred in the South Asian countries of Afghanistan,Bangladesh,India,Nepal and Pakistan from July through September 2017. More than 45 million people were affected by the floods,including 16 million children.
Extremely Severe Cyclonic Storm Tauktae was a powerful,deadly and damaging tropical cyclone in the Arabian Sea that became the strongest tropical cyclone to make landfall in the Indian state of Gujarat since the 1998 Gujarat cyclone and one of the strongest tropical cyclones to ever affect the west coast of India and above all It was the strongest storm of 2021 North Indian Ocean cyclone season. The second depression,first cyclonic storm,first severe cyclonic storm,first very severe cyclonic storm,and first extremely severe cyclonic storm of the 2021 North Indian Ocean cyclone season,Tauktae originated from an area of low pressure in the Arabian Sea,which was first monitored by the India Meteorological Department on May 13. The low drifted eastward and organized into a deep depression by May 14. The storm soon took a northward turn,continuing to gradually intensify because of warm waters near the coast,and the system strengthened into a cyclonic storm and was named Tauktae later that same day. Tauktae continued intensifying into May 15,reaching severe cyclonic storm status later that day. Tauktae began to parallel the coast of the Indian states of Kerala,Karnataka,Goa and Maharashtra,before rapidly intensifying into a very severe cyclonic storm,early on May 16. Early on May 17,Tauktae intensified into an extremely severe cyclonic storm,reaching its peak intensity soon afterward. Later that same day,Tauktae underwent an eyewall replacement cycle and weakened,before restrengthening as it neared the coast of Gujarat,making landfall soon afterward.
Urban flooding is the inundation of land or property in cities or other built environment,caused by rainfall or coastal storm surges overwhelming the capacity of drainage systems,such as storm sewers. Urban flooding can occur regardless of whether or not affected communities are located within designated floodplains or near any body of water. It is triggered for example by an overflow of rivers and lakes,flash flooding or snowmelt. During the flood,stormwater or water released from damaged water mains may accumulate on property and in public rights-of-way. It can seep through building walls and floors,or backup into buildings through sewer pipes,cellars,toilets and sinks.
