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Idukki is one of the 14 districts in the Indian state of Kerala in the southwest of the country. It is the largest district in Kerala and lies amid the Cardamom Hills of Western Ghats in Kerala. Idukki district contains two municipal towns – Kattappana and Thodupuzha, and five taluks.
Kerala is situated between the Lakshadweep Sea to the west and the Western Ghats to the east. Kerala's coast runs some 590 km in length, while the state itself varies between 35–120 km in width. Geologically, pre-Cambrian and Pleistocene formations comprise the bulk of Kerala's terrain. The topography consists of a hot and wet coastal plain gradually rising in elevation to the high hills and mountains of the Western Ghats. Kerala lies between northern latitude of 8°.17'.30" N and 12°. 47'.40" N and east longitudes 74°.27'.47" E and 77°.37'.12" E. Kerala's climate is mainly wet and maritime tropical, heavily influenced by the seasonal heavy rains brought up by the monsoon Weather.
Adimali is a town in the Idukki district of Kerala, in southwesternIndia. National Highway 185 is a highway in India running from Adimali to Kumily through Kattappana and ends in Adoor in Kerala. Adimaly is located on the National Highway 49, now NH 85, known as Kochi-Dhanushkodi National Highway, earlier known as the Kochi Madhura Highway (India) connecting Kochi and Madurai, India. From Adimaly, it is only 27 kilometers to Munnar, which is a famous hill station. The waterfalls Cheeyappara, Adimali waterfalls and Valara are located nearby. Pepper and cocoa cultivation is the main agricultural activity of this place. The Ponmudi Dam was constructed in 1963 across the Panniar river, nearly 15 km southeast of Adimali, on the way to Rajakkad.Thopramkudy is the nearest town. Adimali is known for its proximity to Munnar and natural environment. Adimali has almost all the basic facilities like roads, super markets, markets, educational institutions and hospitals.
The Thekkady boat disaster occurred on 30 September 2009, when the double-decker passenger boat Jalakanyaka sank in Lake Thekkady, Periyar National Park, Kerala, India. When the boat capsized, 45 tourists died, most of them from Delhi and Kolkata. A total of 82 people were on the boat. The boat's helmsman, Victor Samuel, and another crew member were arrested on 5 October. It is the deadliest maritime accident reported in Kerala.
Operation Madad is the name of rescue operations conducted by Indian Navy in various occasions within India. The word "madad" in Hindi means "help".
The 1985 Puerto Rico floods produced showers and thunderstorms across the island and the deadliest single landslide on record in North America, that killed at least 130 people in the Mameyes neighborhood of barrio Portugués Urbano in Ponce. The floods were the result of a westward-moving tropical wave that emerged off the coast of Africa on September 29. The system moved into the Caribbean Sea on October 5 and produced heavy rains across Puerto Rico, peaking at 31.67 in (804 mm) in Toro Negro State Forest. Two stations broke their 24-hour rainfall records set in 1899. The rains caused severe flooding in the southern half of Puerto Rico, which isolated towns, washed out roads, and caused rivers to exceed their banks. In addition to the deadly landslide in Mameyes, the floods washed out a bridge in Santa Isabel that killed several people. The storm system caused about $125 million in damage and 180 deaths, which prompted a presidential disaster declaration. The tropical wave later spawned Tropical Storm Isabel.
In June 2013, a mid-day cloudburst centered on the North Indian state of Uttarakhand caused devastating floods and landslides, becoming the country's worst natural disaster since the 2004 tsunami. The rainfall received that month was far greater than the rainfall the state usually received. Debris blocked the rivers, causing major overflow. The main day of the flood was 16 June 2013.
The Great flood of '99 (Malayalam:'തൊണ്ണൂറ്റി ഒമ്പതിലെ വെള്ളപ്പൊക്കം' occurred when the Periyar River in Kerala state of India flooded in the month of July 1924. This happened in the year 1099 ME in the Malayalam Calendar. As the Malayalam Calendar was popular in Kerala, the flood is generally referred to as "The Great flood of "99".The rain continued for about three weeks. Many districts of present-day Kerala were deeply submerged by the flood - from Thrissur, to Ernakulam to Idukki, Kottayam even up to Alappuzha and Kuttanad. A huge mountain called Karinthiri Mala was washed away by this flood and the road to Munnar also went along with it. As the road to Munnar was lost by this flood, a new road from Ernakulam to Munnar became necessary - the present day road from Ernakulam to Munnar was constructed after this. Kundala Valley Railway which was the first monorail system in India was also completely destroyed. Various remnants of the old Railway systems still exist at Munnar.
On 30 July 2014, a landslide occurred in the village of Malin in the Ambegaon taluka of the Pune district in Maharashtra, India. The landslide, which hit early in the morning while residents were asleep, was believed to have been caused by a burst of heavy rainfall, and killed at least 151 people. Rains continued after the landslide making rescue efforts difficult.
On 16 August 2018, severe floods affected the south Indian state Kerala, due to unusually heavy rainfall during the monsoon season. It was the worst flood in Kerala in nearly a century. Over 483 people died, and about one million people were evacuated, mainly from Chengannur, Pandanad, Edanad, Aranmula, Kozhencherry, Ayiroor, Ranni, Pandalam, Kuttanad, Malappuram, Aluva, Chalakudy, Thrissur, Thiruvalla, Eraviperoor, Vallamkulam, North Paravur, Chendamangalam, Chellanam, Vypin Island, and Palakkad. All 14 districts of the state were placed on red alert. According to the Kerala government, one-sixth of the total population of Kerala was directly affected by the floods and related incidents. The Indian government declared it a Level 3 Calamity, or "calamity of a severe nature". It is the worst flood in Kerala after the great flood of '99 that took place in 1924.
On 8 August 2019, due to heavy rainfall in the monsoon season, severe flood affected Kerala. As a security measure in the prevailing situation of heavy rains, the India Meteorological Department had issued a red alert in the 9 districts in Northern and Central Kerala, orange alert in 3 districts of Central Kerala, and yellow alert in the 2 districts of southern Kerala. Thousands of people have been evacuated to safer places and relief camps. A total of 121 people have died due to rain-related incidents as of 19 August 2019.
The 2019 Indian floods were a series of floods that affected over thirteen states in late July and early August 2019, due to excessive rains. At least 200 people died and about a million people were displaced. Karnataka and Maharashtra were the most severely affected states. People died but many were rescued with the help of the Indian Navy.
During the heavy rainfall over the monsoon period from 1 June to 18 August 2020, all 14 districts in Kerala were affected with 104 dead and 40 injured. Four districts in Kerala were flooded on 7 August 2020. Major reported incidents in relation to flooding include a landslide in Idukki district on 6 August, claiming 66 lives and an Air India plane crash that caused the death of 21 people. The 2020 flood in Kerala marked the third year in a row of severe monsoon flooding.
Operation Sahyog was a rescue mission initiated by the Indian army after several northern districts of Kerala were hit by extreme amounts of rain and landslides. The Indian army deployed its manpower and machinery for rescue operations in regions which were hit severely, mainly at Idukki, Wayanad, Kannur, and Kozhikode. The National Disaster Response Force (NDRF) along with the Army, Naval forces and Air forces carried out the rescue operation.
Events in the year 2024 in Kerala.
The 2024 Sulawesi landslide was a mass casualty event that occurred at an unauthorized gold mine in the Bone Bolango regency located in Gorontalo province on the island of Sulawesi, Indonesia, on 6 July 2024. The disaster occurred as a result of heavy rainfall causing a landslide that struck over 100 villagers digging for gold at the site of the gold mine, killing at least twelve people and leaving about 48 more missing.
The Madan Ashrit Highway disaster was a road accident on July 12, 2024 that was caused by a large landslide that pushed two buses carrying a total of 65 passengers on the Madan Ashrit Highway into the Trishuli River in Nepal. The disaster left at least 19 people dead, injured three people and left 32 people missing.
On 16 July 2024, at approximately 08:30 IST, a landslide occurred in Shirur, Ankola in Uttara Kannada in the Indian state of Karnataka. The landslide was caused by construction work and heavy rains, and resulted in at least nine deaths, with two missing in the debris or nearby Gangavali River.
The 2024 Wayanad landslides were a series of landslides that occurred in Punjirimattom, Mundakkai, Chooralmala, and Vellarimala villages in Meppadi panchayat, Vythiri taluk in Wayanad district, Kerala, India in the early hours of 30 July 2024. The landslides were caused by heavy rains that caused hillsides to collapse, destroying the areas below. The disaster was one of the deadliest in Kerala's history, with reports of over 420 fatalities, 397 injuries, and 118 people missing. Deforestation, seismic sensitivity, poor building construction, and global warming have been identified as possible causes for the landslides and fatalities.
On 30 July 2024, at approximately 05:45 IST, a landslide occurred in Vilangad, Vanimal Grama Panchayat, Kozhikode district in the Indian state of Kerala. The landslide was caused by heavy rains, and resulted in at least one deaths.
References
- ↑ "Landslides in Pettimudi: social inequalities in disasters". The Hindu. 2022-09-27. ISSN 0971-751X . Retrieved 2023-08-07.
- ↑ "Four years ago on this day, a fatal landslide hit Pettimudi in Idukki". Onmanorama. Retrieved 2024-08-11.
- ↑ "One year of Pettimudi landslide; a scar yet to be healed". English.Mathrubhumi. 2021-08-06. Retrieved 2023-08-07.
- ↑ "Pettimudi landslide: Memories weigh down desolate survivors". The New Indian Express. Retrieved 2023-08-07.
- ↑ "The devastating Pettimudi landslides in Kerala: Were vulnerabilities ignored?". The News Minute. 2020-08-19. Retrieved 2023-08-07.
