Monarchy in British Columbia

Last updated
King in Right of British Columbia
Provincial
Coat of arms of British Columbia.svg
Arms of His Majesty the King in Right of British Columbia
Incumbent
Charles III
King of Canada
since 8 September 2022
Details
Style His Majesty
First monarch Victoria
Formation20 July 1871

By the arrangements of the Canadian federation, Canada's monarchy operates in British Columbia as the core of the province's Westminster-style parliamentary democracy. [1] As such, the Crown within British Columbia's jurisdiction is referred to as the Crown in Right of British Columbia, [2] His Majesty in Right of British Columbia, [3] or the King in Right of British Columbia. [4] The Constitution Act, 1867, however, leaves many royal duties in British Columbia specifically assigned to the sovereign's viceroy, the Lieutenant Governor of British Columbia, [1] whose direct participation in governance is limited by the conventional stipulations of constitutional monarchy. [5]

Contents

Constitutional role

The role of the Crown is both legal and practical; it functions in British Columbia in the same way it does in all of Canada's other provinces, being the centre of a constitutional construct in which the institutions of government acting under the sovereign's authority share the power of the whole. [6] It is thus the foundation of the executive, legislative, and judicial branches of the province's government. [7] The Canadian monarch—since 8 September 2022, King Charles III—is represented and his duties carried out by the Lieutenant Governor of British Columbia, whose direct participation in governance is limited by the conventional stipulations of constitutional monarchy, with most related powers entrusted for exercise by the elected parliamentarians, the ministers of the Crown generally drawn from amongst them, and the judges and justices of the peace. [5] The Crown today primarily functions as a guarantor of continuous and stable governance and a nonpartisan safeguard against the abuse of power. [5] [8] [9] This arrangement began with an 1871 Order in Council by Queen Victoria and continued an unbroken line of monarchical government extending back to the late 18th century. [1] However, though British Columbia has a separate government headed by the King, as a province, British Columbia is not itself a kingdom. [10]

Government House in Victoria is owned by the sovereign only in his capacity as King in Right of British Columbia and is the official residence of both the lieutenant governor and the sovereign, when in British Columbia. [11]

A member of the Royal Family has owned property in British Columbia in a private capacity: Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon, owned Portland Island, though this was offered on permanent loan to the Crown in Right of British Columbia. [12]

Royal associations

Those in the Royal Family perform ceremonial duties when on a tour of the province; the royal persons do not receive any personal income for their service, only the costs associated with the exercise of these obligations are funded by both the Canadian and British Columbia governments. [13] Monuments around British Columbia mark some of those visits, while others honour a royal personage or event. [12] Further, British Columbia's monarchical status is illustrated by royal names applied regions, communities, schools, and buildings, many of which may also have a specific history with a member or members of the Royal Family. Associations also exist between the Crown and many private organizations within the province; these may have been founded by a Royal Charter, received a royal prefix, and/or been honoured with the patronage of a member of the Royal Family. Examples include the Royal Vancouver Yacht Club, which, along with the Vancouver Rowing Club and the Vancouver Racquets Club, is under the patronage of Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, and the Royal British Columbia Museum, which received its royal prefix from Queen Elizabeth II in 1987. [14]

The main symbol of the monarchy is the sovereign himself, his image (in portrait or effigy) thus being used to signify government authority. [15] A royal cypher, crown, or the provincial arms (known as the Arms of His Majesty in right of British Columbia [16] ) may also illustrate the monarchy as the locus of authority, without referring to any specific monarch. Additionally, though the monarch does not form a part of the constitutions of British Columbia's honours, they do stem from the Crown as the fount of honour , and so bear on the insignia symbols of the sovereign.

History

In 1959, Premier W.A.C. Bennett desired that the Queen of Canada read the Speech from the Throne at the opening of a session of the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia. This request was turned down on the grounds that it was "constitutionally impossible". [17] The validity and logic behind the refusal was later a matter of debate. [18]

Elizabeth II, Queen of Canada, at City Hall in New Westminster, 1971 Queen Elizabeth at New Westminster City Hall in 1971 (52370642444).jpg
Elizabeth II, Queen of Canada, at City Hall in New Westminster, 1971

The Queen was again in British Columbia to mark the centennial of the province's entry into Confederation. [19] In 2002, Elizabeth toured Victoria and Vancouver as part of her Golden Jubilee as Queen of Canada. [20]

Prince Charles, Prince of Wales (now Charles III, King of Canada), along with his great-uncle, the Earl Mountbatten of Burma, then the President of United World Colleges International Council, [21] opened Lester B. Pearson College of the Pacific in 1975. [22] Prince Charles established the Prince of Wales Scholarship and would visit the college again between 30 March and 3 April 1980 and 29 to 31 October 1982. [23] He also toured British Columbia with his then-wife, Diana, Princess of Wales, from 30 April to 7 May 1986, opening Expo 86 in Vancouver and visiting Victoria, Prince George, Kamloops, and Nanaimo, and took a ski holiday at Whistler with his sons, Princes William and Harry, also visiting Vancouver with them. [23] In 2009, Charles returned with his second wife, Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall (now Queen Camilla), visiting Vancouver and Victoria, where he met with then-Director of Lester B. Pearson United World College of the Pacific David Hawley and four Prince of Wales Scholarship recipients, one each from Kenya, Romania, Nicaragua, and Canada. [21]

See also

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The association between the monarchy of Canada and Indigenous peoples in Canada stretches back to the first interactions between North American Indigenous peoples and European colonialists and, over centuries of interface, treaties were established concerning the monarch and Indigenous nations. First Nations, Inuit, and Métis peoples in Canada have a unique relationship with the reigning monarch and, like the Māori and the Treaty of Waitangi in New Zealand, generally view the affiliation as being not between them and the ever-changing Cabinet, but instead with the continuous Crown of Canada, as embodied in the reigning sovereign.

References

  1. 1 2 3 Victoria (16 May 1871), British Columbia Terms of Union, 10, Westminster: Queen's Printer, retrieved 16 June 2009.
  2. ↑ Uukw et al. v. R. In Right of British Columbia and Registrar, Prince Rupert Land Title District, [1988 1 C.N.L.R. 173](British Columbia Court of Appeal2 April 1987).
  3. ↑ Elizabeth II (1 April 2005), British Columbia Treaty Commission Act, 2, Victoria: Queen's Printer for British Columbia, retrieved 23 June 2009
  4. ↑ British Columbia v. Imperial Tobacco Canada Ltd. , [2005 2 S.C.R. 473, 2005 SCC 49](Supreme Court of Canada8 June 2005).
  5. 1 2 3 MacLeod, Kevin S. (2008). A Crown of Maples (PDF) (1 ed.). Ottawa: Queen's Printer for Canada. p. 16. ISBN   978-0-662-46012-1 . Retrieved 21 June 2009.
  6. ↑ Cox, Noel (September 2002). "Black v Chrétien: Suing a Minister of the Crown for Abuse of Power, Misfeasance in Public Office and Negligence". Murdoch University Electronic Journal of Law. 9 (3). Perth: Murdoch University: 12. Retrieved 17 May 2009.
  7. ↑ Privy Council Office (2008). Accountable Government: A Guide for Ministers and Ministers of State – 2008. Ottawa: Queen's Printer for Canada. p. 49. ISBN   978-1-100-11096-7. Archived from the original on 18 March 2010. Retrieved 17 May 2009.
  8. ↑ Roberts, Edward (2009). "Ensuring Constitutional Wisdom During Unconventional Times" (PDF). Canadian Parliamentary Review. 23 (1). Ottawa: Commonwealth Parliamentary Association: 15. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 April 2012. Retrieved 21 May 2009.
  9. ↑ MacLeod 2008 , p. 20
  10. ↑ Forsey, Eugene (31 December 1974). "Crown and Cabinet". In Forsey, Eugene (ed.). Freedom and Order: Collected Essays. Toronto: McClelland & Stewart Ltd. ISBN   978-0-7710-9773-7.
  11. ↑ MacLeod 2008 , p. XIV
  12. 1 2 British Columbia Archives. "The Legacy". Queen's Printer for British Columbia. Archived from the original on 28 February 2009. Retrieved 25 June 2009.
  13. ↑ Palmer, Sean; Aimers, John (2002), The Cost of Canada's Constitutional Monarchy: $1.10 per Canadian (2 ed.), Toronto: Monarchist League of Canada, archived from the original on 19 June 2008, retrieved 15 May 2009
  14. ↑ Historical Record of Royal British Columbia Museum Corporation, Royal British Columbia Museum, p. 10
  15. ↑ MacKinnon, Frank (1976), The Crown in Canada, Calgary: Glenbow-Alberta Institute, p.  69, ISBN   978-0-7712-1016-7
  16. ↑ Watt, Robert D. "Ministries > Intergovernmental Relations Secretariat > Official Symbols > The Coat of Arms of British Columbia: A Brief History". Queen's Printer for British Columbia. Protocol and Events Branch. Retrieved 8 January 2011.
  17. ↑ Toporoski, Richard (June 2006). "Can the Queen Grant Royal Assent in a Provincial Legislature?: No" (PDF). Canadian Monarchist News. Fall-Winter 2005 (24). Toronto: Monarchist League of Canada: 19. Retrieved 5 July 2009.
  18. ↑ Toporoski, Richard; Munro, Kenneth (June 2006). "Can the Queen Grant Royal Assent in a Provincial Legislature?" (PDF). Canadian Monarchist News. Fall-Winter 2005 (24). Toronto: Monarchist League of Canada: 17–20. Retrieved 26 February 2012.
  19. ↑ British Columbia Archives. "Chronology of Principal Royal Visits to British Columbia". Queen's Printer for British Columbia. Archived from the original on 28 February 2009. Retrieved 25 June 2009.
  20. ↑ "Queen drops puck, raises cheer in arena". CBC. 7 October 2002. Archived from the original on December 3, 2010. Retrieved 24 June 2009.
  21. 1 2 "Prince of Wales Visits Victoria" (PDF), Pearson Times (Spring 2010): 1, retrieved 31 October 2023
  22. ↑ Pearson College UWC–Canada's school for students of exceptional promise and potential worldwide, Pearson College United World College, retrieved 7 November 2016
  23. 1 2 Crawford, Tiffany (9 September 2022), "Photos: A look back at the six times King Charles III visited B.C. as a prince", Vancouver Sun, retrieved 1 November 2023


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