Abbreviation | MHS |
---|---|
Formation | 1857 |
Founded at | Nazareth, Pennsylvania |
Type | Historical Society |
Legal status | Non-profit |
Purpose | Preserving Moravian history |
Headquarters | Nazareth, Pennsylvania |
Location |
|
Region | Mid Atlantic, North America |
Website | https://www.moravianhistory.org/ |
The Moravian Historical Society in Nazareth, Pennsylvania, was founded in 1857. Its mission is to preserve, interpret, and celebrate the rich culture of the Moravians. It is the third oldest historical society in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. The Moravian Historical Society is located in the 1740-1743 Whitefield House in downtown Nazareth. [1]
The Moravian Historical Society collects objects relating to Moravian history, provides research assistance, publishes, and offers lectures, programs, events, and activities for all ages and levels of interest. [1] [2]
The Moravian Historical Society is located on a three-acre historic site in Nazareth, PA. It maintains two historic buildings, the 1740-1743 Whitefield House and the 1740 Gray Cottage, the oldest surviving Moravian structure in North America.
In 1740, a Moravian group from Savannah, Georgia was invited by British cleric George Whitefield to build a school on his 5000-acre Nazareth tract, which he had purchased from William Allen that same year.
On May 7, 1740, Moravians arrived on the Nazareth tract, and began work on the Stone House. Doctrinal differences between Whitefield and the Moravians forced the Moravians to abandon the project. In need of a place to settle, the Moravians purchased 500 acres of land from the prominent Pennsylvanian William Allen. On this tract, Moravians began building a new settlement, which would be named Bethlehem. They also purchased the 5,000-acre Nazareth tract from Whitefield. They soon returned and the large Stone House was completed in 1743.
The town of Nazareth was laid out in 1771 several blocks to the west. The First House was demolished in 1864, but the Whitefield House and Gray Cottage still stand. The buildings were added to the National Register of Historic Places on May 1, 1980. [3] [4]
Construction on the Whitefield House started in 1740 and completed in 1743. It was originally used to house 33 married couples arriving from England. Through the years, the Whitefield House operated as a place of worship, girls’ boarding school, nursery, the Moravian Theological Seminary, and apartments for furloughed missionaries. Today, the building houses the Museum of the Moravian Historical Society as well as administrative offices, and a Museum shop. The museum runs a series of permanent and changing exhibitions about the history and culture of the Moravians and their contributions to history. [5]
The Gray Cottage was constructed in October 1740 by the Moravians as protection from the harsh winter weather ahead. It is an oak log structure, and was originally called the “Old Block House” from the German word Block, meaning “log.” From 1743 to 1745, the building was used as a boys’ school. It has also been used as a girls’ school, a home for widows, a nursery, and a private residence. It is the oldest surviving Moravian building in North America. [5]
Constructed in June 1740, the First House sheltered Moravians during the construction of the Whitefield House. It was approximately 30’ wide by 20’ deep, and stood two and one half stories tall. It was demolished in 1864, but the foundation was discovered by archaeologists in September 2014 in the area between the Whitefield House and the Gray Cottage. Several artifacts including redware pottery and a brass horse bell were also discovered. A small stone marker stands on this site. [6]
The Moravian Historical Society has placed several markers at locations of American Moravian historical significance:
The Whitefield House Museum's collection contains over 20,000 Moravian objects, which are featured in permanent and changing exhibits. Highlights from the collections include:
The museum also contains a large collection of Moravian mission artifacts from six continents, as well as various textiles, household goods, and Native American artifacts.
The entire collection is available to researchers by appointment.
The museum operates from 1-4 pm, seven days a week except for major holidays including Thanksgiving, Christmas, and Easter. [1]
The Moravian Historical Society publishes various guides and periodicals, including:
The Moravian Historical Society offers a variety of events for all ages and interest levels. Historic Nazareth Walking Tours meet at the Whitefield House every second Saturday, and feature a tour guide in historic Moravian dress. The museum's Free Summer Sundays offer families a free museum tour as well as historic youth crafts and games. Monthly lecture and music programs allows visitors to explore Moravian and local history through lectures, music, screenings, and various family activities.
For children, the Moravian Historical Society holds an annual Hands-On History summer camp. The week-long camp allows campers to be immersed in history as they engaged in nature, archaeology, and art-based activities inspired by objects from our world-renowned collection. The Moravian Historical Society also holds an annual Arts & Crafts Festival featuring more than 100 craft vendors as well as food and free kids’ activities.
The Moravian Historical Society hosts the annual Share the Heritage Auction and Dinner to raise funds that support for its mission and its many activities and events. [1]
Since 1858, the Moravian Historical Society has hosted an annual meeting, lecture, and reception to present the state of the society and to give a lecture on an aspect of Moravian history. Each year features a keynote speaker, as follows:
Date | Speaker | Lecture Name |
---|---|---|
2024 | James A. Owen | Our Class in America: John Comenius and Native American Education at Harvard in the Seventeenth Century |
2023 | Winelle Kirton-Roberts | A free wildlife: Morale, Morality and Moravianism in Trinidad, 1885-1935 |
2022 | Laurence Libin | John Clemm, David Tannenberg, and the Moravians’ Role in Establishing Keyboard Manufacture in America |
2021 | Scott Paul Gordon | Made in Christian's Spring: A Story of the American Revolution |
2020 | Jenna M. Gibbs | Conversion and Conflict: Christian Ignatius Latrobe Visits South Africa, 1807 - 1816 |
2019 | Jeffrey Gemmell | Moravian Music of a Particular Time and Place: The Lititz Anthems of Johannes Herbst |
2018 | Craig D. Atwood | The Creation of the Modern Moravian Unity in 1957 |
2017 | Natasha Lightfoot | The Complexities of Moravian Archives of the 19th Century West Indies: Gender and the Limits of Freedom in Post-Slavery Antigua |
2016 | Paul Peucker | A Family of Love: Another Look at the General Economy and the Beginnings of Bethlehem |
2015 | Otto Dreydoppel | Nazareth in 1857: From Moravian Community to Pennsylvania Borough |
2014 | Katherine M. Faull | Visualizing History: The (Hidden) Work of Moravian Women Missionaries in Colonial Pennsylvania |
2013 | Jeffrey Long | The Ephrata Tract: History of the Home of the Moravian Historical Society |
2012 | Scott Paul Gordon | Glad Passivity: Mary Penry of Lititz and the Making of Moravian Women |
2011 | Riddick Weber | ’European Eyesing’ 18th Century North American Moravians: Problems with Applying European Understandings to North American Experience |
2010 | Katherine Carte Engel | Moravians in the Eighteenth-Century Atlantic World |
2009 | Rachel Wheeler | Mohicans and Missionaries in the Eighteenth-Century Northeast |
2008 | David Freeman | A Monumental History: Historic Sites Commemorated by the Moravian Historical Society |
2007 | Susan Dreydoppel | Looking Backward, Moving Forward: 150 Years of the Moravian Historical Society |
2006 | Nola Reed Knouse | Moravian Music: Introduction, Theme, and Variations |
2005 | Mark A. Turdo | Shaking the Faith: The Gnadenhütten Attack, 1755 and 2005 |
2004 | Elizabeth A. Sommer | Fashion Passion: The Rhetoric of Dress in 18th Century Moravian Communities |
2003 | C. Daniel Crews | The Writing of With Courage for the Future: The History of the History |
2002 | David A. Schattschneider | A 250-Year-Old Mystery: The Disappearance of J.C. Erhardt in Labrador |
2001 | Larry Leon Hamlin | Popa C.W. Brown and the Black Moravians (play performed) |
2000 | Craig D. Atwood | Understanding Zinzendorf's Blood and Wounds Theology |
1999 | Katherine M. Faull | Relating Sisters’ Lives: Moravian Women's Writings from 18th Century America |
1998 | Jon F. Sensbach | Race and the early Moravian Church: A comparative perspective |
1997 | Paul Peucker | Heerendijk - Link in The Moravian Network: Moravian Colonists Destined for Pennsylvania. |
1996 | Daniel B. Thorp | New Wine in Old Bottles: Cultural Persistence Among Non-White Converts to The Moravian Church. |
1995 | Aaron Fogleman | Moravian Immigration and Settlement in British North America, 1734–1775. |
1994 | Roger Martin | John Ockershausen's Ockbrook Diary: The First Three Years of a Derbyshire Moravian Community 1750–1753. |
1993 | Samuel R. Zeiser | Moravians And Lutherans: Getting Beyond the Zinzendorf-Muhlenberg Impasse. |
1992 | Beverly Prior Smaby | Forming The Single Sisters’ Choir in Bethlehem. |
1991 | C. Daniel Crews | Through the Labyrinth: A Prelude to the Comenius Anniversary of 1992. |
1990 | Vernon Nelson | Peter Boehler's Reminiscences of the Beginnings of Nazareth and Bethlehem. |
1989 | Albert H. Frank | Spiritual Life in Schönbrunn Village. |
1988 | Lawrence Hartzell | Joshua, Jr.: Moravian Indian Musician. |
1987 | Mervin Weidner | The Twentieth Century Frontiers of Moravian Church Expansion: The Moravian Church in America, (Northern Province) 1936 - 1986. |
1986 | Edwin A. Sawyer | The Waldensian Influence on The Moravian Church. |
1985 | James Henkelman | The Development of The Alaska Moravian Church 1885 - 1985. |
1984 | Murray L. Wagner | Petr Chelčický: A Free Church Separatist. |
1983 | Earl R. Shay | Martin Hauser: the Old Pioneer of the New Purchase |
1982 | David A. Schattschneider | Moravians in the Midwest—1850 To 1900: A New Appreciation |
1981 | Helmut Lehman | Moravians in New England in 18th Century |
1980 | Werner G. Marx | The Moravians in Honduras, The First Fifty Years |
1979 | James D. Nelson | Wesley and the Moravians |
1978 | Richard D. Claypool, Robert E. Steelman | Moravian Musical Life as Reflected in the Music Collections in the Moravian Archives |
1977 | Albert H. Frank | Georg Neisser, an Early Moravian Historian |
1976 | John R. Weinlick | The Moravians and the Revolution: An Overview |
1975 | Donald J. Lineback | Heinrich Miller, An Exceptional Moravian |
1974 | W. Ross Yates | The Period of Questioning, 1850-1876 |
1973 | Henry L. Williams | A Changing Church, the Moravian Church Seen Through Its Periodicals |
1972 | John F. Morman | Ohio, the End of an Era |
1971 | David A. Schattschneider | The Mission Philosophy of Zinzendorf and Spangenberg |
1971 | Kenneth G. Hamilton | After 200 Years in Labrador |
1970 | Jaroslav Pelikan | Comenius in Ecumenical Perspective |
1969 | Walser H. Allen | Bicentennial History of the Widow's Society of Bethlehem |
1968 | Winfred Kohls (read by John R. Weinlick) | Sarepta, Moravian Settlement in Russia |
1967 | Mrs. Thomas J. Butterfield | History of education in Bethlehem, PA |
1966 | Kenneth G. Hamilton | Salem in Wachovia and the Genius of the Moravians as Colonizers |
1965 | Vernon Nelson | Samuel Isles, First Moravian Missionary on Antiqua |
1964 | Richmond E. Myers | Moravians and the Civil War |
1963 | Allan W. Schattschneider | A History of the Moravian Church at New Dorp, Staten Island, N.Y. |
1962 | Clarence E. Clewell | Two Hundred Years of History of the Moravian Church at Schoeneck |
1961 | Henry L. Williams | Our Moravian Hymnal and How We Got It |
1960 | Edwin W. Kortz | The Liturgical Development of the American Moravian Church |
1960 | John Fliegel | The Influence of Zinzendorf on the Present-Day Moravian Church |
1959 | Samuel V. Gapp | Philip H. Gapp, Home Missionary |
1958 | Edwin A. Sawyer | Religious Enthusiasm in the Early Bethlehem and Nazareth Settlements |
1957 | Heinz Motel | The Relation of the Old and Renewed Moravian Church to the Reformation |
1956 | Ann Hark | A Moravian Colonial Incident |
1955 | John H. Weinlick | The Moravian Diaspora |
1954 | Vernon W. Couillard | Glimpses of the Life, Spiritual Experiences, Work and Beliefs of John Cennick, Methodist - Moravian (1718 - 1755) |
1953 | John H. Weinlick | The Moravian Diaspora |
1952 | Kenneth G. Hamilton | The Office of the Bishop in the Renewed Moravian Church |
1951 | Herbert H. Beck | William Henry, Patriot, Master Gunsmith, Progenitor of the Steamboat |
1950 | Mabel Haller | Facets of Early Moravian Education |
1949 | A. O. Danneberger | The Atlantic Coast of Nicaragua, Central America - Its political, economic, and religious conditions |
1948 | (No speaker) | |
1947 | Richmond E Myers | Moravian Mission Work on the Susquehanna |
1946 | Henry A. Kuehl | The Beginnings and Development of the Moravian Settlement of Emmaus, Pennsylvania |
1945 | Garth A. Howland | An Architectural History of the Moravian Church of Bethlehem, Penna |
1944 | John R. MacNicol | Fairfield and New Fairfield, Kent County Ontario; Restoration Program |
1943 | Garth A. Howland | The Early Appearances of the Moravian Buildings on Church Street, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania |
1942 | Paul T. Warner | History of the First Moravian Church, Philadelphia, Penna., 1742*1942 |
1941 | John Joseph Stoudt | Count Zinzendorf and the Pennsylvania Congregation of God in the Spirit |
1940 | Amos A. Ettinger | Nazareth, An American Theocracy |
1939 | Kenneth G. Hamilton | Bishop John Ettwein and Missionary Activity among the Northern American Indians |
1938 | Hans T. David | Musical Life in the Pennsylvania Settlements of the Moravians |
1937 | David Sanders Clark | The Moravian Mission of Pilgerruh |
1936 | Albert G. Rau | The Autobiography of John Christopher Pyrlaeus |
1935 | Herbert H. Beck | Town Regulations of Lititz in 1759 |
1934 | Adelaide Fries | Early Hymns and Customs |
1933 | Albert G. Rau | Some Further Notes on Early Moravian Music in North America |
1932 | R. R. Hillman | Old Dansbury |
1931 | Albert G. Rau | Christian Frederick Post and Colonial Politics, 1755-1763 |
1930 | J. Taylor Hamilton | Moravian Undertakings at Oley, PA |
1929 | J. Taylor Hamilton | The Contacts of the Moravians with the Iroquois League |
1928 | H. J. Steele | Penn Heir Case |
1927 | Bishop Hamilton | Facts Leading up to August 13, 1727 |
1926 | Henry F. Marx | The Moravians in Northampton County |
1926 | W. H. Vogler (read by G. F. Bahnson) | The Old Mulberry Tree |
1925 | John Baer | Settlement of the Walloons on Manhattan Island in 1624 |
1925 | Paul E. Beck | David Tanneberger |
1924 | J. Taylor Hamilton | Recognition of the Moravian Church as an Ancient Protestant Episcopal Church by Act of the Parliament of Great Britain in 1749 |
1923 | Adelaide Fries | The Life and Work of Anna Nitschmann |
1922 | J. E. Weinland | The Story of the Gospel by the Beautiful Spring |
1921 | J. Max Hark | The Beginnings of Moravian Work in Lancaster, PA |
1921 | Robert Rau (read by Albert G. Rau) | The Physicians of Early Bethlehem |
1921 | Robert Rau (read by Eugene. A. Rau) | The Pharmacists of Early Bethlehem |
1921 | W. H. Vogler | Museum Values |
1920 | Clara A. Beck | An Honest Effort to Save Pennsylvania from the Moravians |
1920 | H. B. Marx | The Winning of a Bride by King Srong-Bsan-Sgam-Po |
1920 | T. M. Rights | Into the Indian Territory in 1870 |
1919 | Adelaide Fries | To Answer the Call: the Voyage of Rev. Lewis David deSchweinitz and His Bride to the United States |
1919 | J. Taylor Hamilton | John Antes, a Pioneer American Missionary of the Eighteenth Century in Egypt |
1918 | Albert G. Rau | Music of the Moravian Church |
1918 | J. Upton Myers | The Social Evolution of Old Bethlehem |
1917 | J. Upton Myers | The Growth of the Social Order in Bethlehem |
1916 | R. E. Shields | The Hope Female Seminary |
1915 | W. E. Doster | Glimpses of Old Bethlehem |
1914 | A. D Thaeler | Bohemia and the Brethren in Bohemia |
1914 | Albert L. Oerter | Closing of the Single Brethren's Economy at Christian Spring in 1796 |
1913 | Abraham R. Beck | Diary of Catherine Fritsch, Resident in Lititz Sisters’ House |
1913 | Albert L. Oerter | A Quiet Corner During the Revolution, 1775-1783 |
1913 | Harry E. Stocker | The Moravian Mission Among the Indians on the White River in Indiana |
1912 | M. W. Leibert | A Sketch of the Origin and the Early History of the Moravian Church in New York |
1911 | H. A. Jacobson | Reminisces of Sixty Years Ago |
1911 | H. A. Jacobson | The Nazareth Market House and Engine House |
1910 | Edward T. Kluge | Lewis Ferdinand Lambert |
1910 | H. A. Jacobson | The Walking Purchase |
1910 | H. H. Hacker | A Few Notes on the Early Moravian Schools in Pennsylvania, and on the First Boarding School in Nazareth Hall |
1909 | Albert G. Rau | Some Notes Concerning Trades and Industries in Bethlehem |
1909 | Paul de Schweinitz | The Evangelical Union of the Bohemian and Moravian Brethren in Texas |
1908 | Edward T. Kluge | An Excursion to Bethlehem and Nazareth in 1799 |
1908 | Joseph A. Rice | A Sketch of the Newspapers of Bethlehem, with a Brief Account of the Printing Offices and Book Binderies |
1907 | Albert G. Rau | Historical Sketch of the Whitefield House |
1907 | Henry A. Jacobson | History of the Moravian Historical Society from 1857 to 1907 |
1906 | Abraham R. Beck | Some Random Extracts from the Diaries and Minutes of the Committee of Temporal Affairs of the Lititz Moravian Congregation |
1906 | Albert G. Rau | Fire Protection and Fire Departments in Bethlehem |
1906 | J. W. Jordan | Franklin's Moravian Friend (James Hutton) |
1905 | Edward T. Kluge | Extracts from Ledger A of the Philadelphia Congregation, 1785 - 1833 |
1905 | Isaac Huntting | The Last of the Pequots |
1905 | Robert Rau | Shecomeco |
1904 | Edward T. Kluge | Nazareth Hall: the Laying of the Cornerstone, May 3, 1755, and Various Items Connected with the Erection of the Building, Together with Reminiscences of an Old Hall Boy of 1835 and Later |
1904 | Robert Rau | Chronicles of the Moravian Congregation at Donegal, PA |
1903 | Edward T. Kluge | The Graveyard at Nazareth and some of the Most Noted Persons Interred There |
1903 | H. A. Jacobson | Brief Sketch of the Indian Settlement at Nain |
1902 | Edward T. Kluge | The Moravian Graveyards at Nazareth |
1902 | Edward T. Kluge | When and Under What Circumstances the Moravian Historical Society was Called into Existence |
1902 | Henry T. Clauder | The Early Missions of the Moravian Church Among the Cherokee Indians in Northern Georgia |
1901 | Albert G. Rau | Humorous Reminiscences of Bethlehem and Nazareth |
1901 | C. A. Haehnle | Account of the March of Napoleon's Army through Ebersdorf, Germany, October 6 to 14, 1806 |
1901 | Edward T. Kluge | Something About Trombones and Trombonists |
1900 | Eugene Leibert | Wechquetank |
1900 | John M. Levering | A Century Ago |
1900 | Robert Rau | A Brief Chapter on Ancestor Worship |
1899 | Eugene Leibert | Some Occurrences in the Official Circle at Herrnhut in 1760 |
1898 | Eugene Leibert | Extracts from the Diary of the Moravian Church at Lititz, PA, Relating to the Revolutionary War |
1898 | J. M. Levering | The Beginning and the End of the Single Brethren's House at Bethlehem, PA |
1898 | J. Taylor Hamilton | The Continuity of the Unitas Fratrum |
1897 | Eugene Leibert | The Surprise and Massacre at Frederic Hoeth's Plantation, in 1755, and the Subsequent Fortunes of His Daughter Mariana |
1897 | J. M. Levering (read by J. Taylor Hamilton) | Notes on the Family of William Parsons, the Father of Easton, Together With Some Related Matter |
1897 | John W. Jordan (read by M. W. Leibert) | Harvesting under Difficulties on the Barony of Nazareth in 1746 |
1897 | W. H. Jordan (read by Paul de Schweinitz) | Reminiscences of the Old First Moravian Church of Philadelphia and Some of its Members |
1896 | Eugene Leibert | Three Moravian Weddings |
1896 | J. M. Levering | Our Name |
1896 | Robert Rau | Some Notes on the Erection of the Moravian Church at Bethlehem |
1895 | Henry A. Jacobson | Journey of Brother Schnall from Nazareth, PA to Fairfield Canada, in the year 1801 |
1895 | J. M. Levering | Some Notes on the first Missionary Society in America - the Society for the Furtherance of the Gospel, founded August 19, and fully organized November 28th, 1745 |
1895 | J. Taylor Hamilton | Sketch of the Moravian Church in Camden Valley, New York |
1894 | J. Taylor Hamilton | Autobiography of Bernhard Adam Grube |
1894 | John W. Jordan | Extracts from the Diary of the Lancaster Congregation |
1893 | Eugene Leibert | The Sesqui-centennial of the Whitefield House |
1893 | James Henry | Our History an Inheritance |
1892 | Helen Bell | Sermon by the Bishop Lodi, delivered before the Sentence of John Hus was Carried out |
1892 | J. Taylor Hamilton | The Work of Moravian Evangelists among the Swedes in New Jersey during the Eighteenth Century |
1892 | William Henry Rice | Four Hundred Miles Overland for a Bride |
1891 | Henry A. Jacobson | Christmas at Bethlehem |
1891 | James Henry | The Malin Library |
1891 | John W. Jordan | An Old Letter of 1766 |
1890 | Henry A. Jacobson | Flight and Dispersion of the Missionaries from Fairfield, Canada |
1890 | Robert de Schweinitz | Another Fragment from the Diary of Rev. Lewis David de Schweinitz During his Voyage to America in 1812 |
1889 | Henry A. Jacobson | Attempts to Establish a Mission Among the Chippeway Indians in Canada, from 1800 to 1807 (by Christian Henry Denke and John Schnall) |
1889 | James Henry | Eminent Moravian Women of the Olden Time |
1889 | John W. Jordan | Lewis Weiss |
1889 | Robert de Schweinitz | Extract from the Diary of Rev. Lewis David de Schweinitz, Describing a Voyage from Holland to America during the Thrilling Times of the War of 1812 |
1888 | Henry A. Jacobson | Diary of the Journey of Christian Froehlich and the Negro Andrew among the Negroes of New Jersey, New York, Long Island, and Brunswick in November and December, 1748 |
1888 | James Henry | Music at Nazareth |
1888 | John W. Jordan | Biographical Sketch of Edward Evans |
1887 | Abraham S. Schropp | James Burnside, Planter, Evangelist, and Politician |
1887 | Edward T. Kluge | Nazareth Hall and its Steeple |
1887 | James Henry | The Children of the Nursery |
1886 | James Henry | The First Moravian Cemetery at Nazareth |
1886 | John W. Jordan | Historical Sketch of the Moravian Settlement at Broad Bay, Maine |
1886 | Robert Rau | Frederica Miskau, the Recluse of Gnadenhütten on the Mahoning |
1885 | John W. Jordan | A History of the Vessels Engaged in Transporting Colonists for the Moravian Settlements Between 1742 and 1767 |
1884 | James Henry | Memoir of Bishop Christian Gottlieb Hueffel |
1884 | John W. Jordan | The Life of Mary Allen |
1883 | Henry A. Jacobson | The Brethren's House at Nazareth |
1883 | John W. Jordan | The Lehigh Ferry at Bethlehem |
1882 | Henry A. Jacobson | Sketch of the History of the Moravian Historical Society during the Past Twenty-Five Years |
1882 | James Henry | General Retrospect of the Moravian Historical Society's Transactions since its Organization |
1882 | John W. Jordan | Biographical Sketch of John Henry Miller, Printer and Member of the Brethren's Church at Philadelphia during the Revolutionary War |
1881 | Henry A. Jacobson | Narrative of the General Synod of 1789 |
1881 | J. Max Hark | Arrest and Trial of our Missionaries Among the Indians of New England in June 1743, as Narrated by John Christopher Pyrlaeus |
1881 | James Henry | Some Additions to the History of the Rose Tavern and the Neighboring Settlements |
1880 | J. Max Hark | Historical Sketch of the Mission and Indian Village at Meniolagomeka |
1880 | James Henry | Impressions Made on Distinguished Visitors at Nazareth during its Early Days |
1880 | John W. Jordan | Moravian Washhouses |
1879 | Henry A. Jacobson | Translation of the Diary of a Company of Brethren Journeying from St. Petersburg to Sarepta, Russia, in January, 1790 |
1879 | James Henry | Government of the Moravian Village during the Exclusive System |
1878 | Henry A. Jacobson | Diary of the Brethren Cammerhof and Gottlieb Petzold on their Journey to Wechquadnach and Pachgatgoch, from February 28 to March 11, 1749, A. A. Reinke - Selections from Shewkirk's Diary at New York during the Revolutionary Times |
1878 | J. Max Hark | Extracts from the Minutes of the Ninth Annual Meeting of the Society for Propagating the Gospel among the Heathen, Bethlehem, 1795 |
1878 | James Henry | The Historical Element in Moravian Writings |
1877 | Henry A. Jacobson | Notes on the Condition of Nazareth, Christian's Spring and Friedensthal during the Revolution |
1877 | Henry A. Jacobson | Brief Abstract of the Minutes of the Moravian Historical Society since its Organization Twenty Years Ago |
1877 | James Henry | Reminiscences of Revolutionary Times, with Reference to the Settlements of Bethlehem and Nazareth |
1877 | John W. Jordan | Historical Sketch of the Use of Trombones in the American Congregations during the last Century |
1876 | Henry A. Jacobson | Christian Henry Rauch's Journey to the Mohawk Indians |
1876 | Henry A. Jacobson | Poem Composed by Bro. Gregor for his daughter on the Occasion of her Birthday |
1876 | James Henry | Extracts of Letters of Bishop Cammerhof Relating to Early Times at Nazareth |
1876 | John W. Jordan | Historical Fragments Relating to the Church at Lebanon, or Hebron |
1876 | William Henry Rice | The Zauchtenthal Ivy. Record of the Planting of the Ivy at the Northwestern Gable of the Whitefield House |
1875 | Henry A. Jacobson | The Sisters’ House at Nazareth, Second Paper |
1875 | James Henry | The Sisters’ House at Nazareth, First Paper |
1875 | John W. Jordan | The Secession of Three Members and their Families from the Church in Philadelphia |
1874 | Henry A. Jacobson | Report of a Visitation by Charles Gotthold Reichel to Wyoming and Several Other Places in Luzerne County, in 1791 |
1874 | James Henry | Account of the Organization of Nazareth Hall in 1785 |
1874 | William C. Reichel | The Life of David Nitschmann, Wagonwright, Known as the Founder of Bethlehem |
1873 | Henry A. Jacobson | Extracts from Heckewelder's Diary of a Visit to Petquotting in 1789 |
1873 | James Henry | The Visit of the Chiefs of the Six Nations to Nazareth in 1792 |
1872 | James Henry | Moravian Manuscript Literature |
1871 | William C. Reichel | Disjecta Membra, Being a Fragmentary History of the Ephrata House |
1870 | (No speaker) | |
1869 | Edmund de Schweinitz | Protestation of Reformed and Lutheran Churches of Philadelphia Against the Moravians, 1742 |
1869 | Eugene Leibert | Extracts from the Diary of Bethlehem, 1742 |
1868 | James Henry | Life in a Moravian Village in the Olden Time (Nazareth Being the Type) |
1868 | John C. Brickenstein | Extracts from the Diary of Bethlehem |
1868 | Louis R. Huebener | Extracts from the Diary of the Lititz Brethren's House |
1867 | James Henry | History of Christian's Spring |
1866 | (No speaker) | |
1865 | James Henry | Moravian Sermons |
1865 | John C. Brickenstein | The Old Graveyard at Nazareth |
1864 | Edmund de Schweinitz | David Zeisberger (Second Paper) |
1864 | John C. Brickenstein | The Second Sea Congregation |
1863 | Charles F. Kluge | History of Hope, NJ |
1863 | Edmund de Schweinitz | David Zeisberger (First Paper) |
1863 | John C. Brickenstein | The First Sea Congregation |
1862 | John C. Brickenstein | Additional Extracts from the Diary of Nazareth, 1746 |
1861 | James Henry | Moravian Vespers |
1861 | John C. Brickenstein | Extracts from the Diary of Nazareth, 1745 and 1746 |
1860 | James Henry | The Deep Foundations of Early Moravianism |
1859 | (No speaker) | |
1858 | James Henry | The Ephrata House |
1857 | H. A. Brickenstein | Peter Boehler's Oak-Tree |
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Germantown is a town in Columbia County, New York, United States. The population was 1,936 at the 2020 census, down slightly from 1,954 in 2010. Germantown is located in the south-western part of the county along the east side of the Hudson River.
The Moravian Church, or the Moravian Brethren, formally the Unitas Fratrum, is one of the oldest Protestant denominations in Christianity, dating back to the Bohemian Reformation of the 15th century and the Unity of the Brethren founded in the Kingdom of Bohemia, sixty years before Martin Luther's Reformation.
Old Salem is a historic district of Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States, which was originally settled by the Moravian community in 1766. It features a living-history museum which interprets the restored Moravian community. The non-profit organization began its work in 1950, although some private residents had restored buildings earlier. As the Old Salem Historic District, it was declared a National Historic Landmark (NHL) in 1966, and expanded fifty years later. The district showcases the culture of the Moravian settlement in the Province of North Carolina during the colonial 18th century and post-statehood 19th century via its communal buildings, churches, houses and shops.
Nazareth Hall (1752–1929) was a school in Nazareth, Pennsylvania. It was built, by master mason Melchior Rasp, in 1754 in hopes that Count Nikolaus Ludwig Zinzendorf would return from Europe and settle permanently in the community; he never came back to America. It is located in the Nazareth Hall Tract, listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.
The Moravian mission at Shekomeko was founded in 1740 by Christian Henry Rauch to convert the Mahican Indians in eastern New York.
Shekomeko was a historic hamlet in the southwestern part of the town of North East, New York, United States) in present-day Dutchess County. It was a village of the Mahican people. They lived by a stream which Anglo-Americans later named Shekomeko Creek, after their village. Shekomeko comes from Mahikanneuw and means "people of the place of eels ["linear fish"], from "shaxk" - linear, straight; "amek" = fish; = locative suffix "ink", + ethnonymial locative suffix "oik" - Shaxkaminkoik > Shekomeko.
The Moravian Church in North America is part of the worldwide Moravian Church Unity. It dates from the arrival of the first Moravian missionaries to the United States in 1735, from their Herrnhut settlement in present-day Saxony, Germany. They came to minister to the scattered German immigrants, to the Native Americans and to enslaved Africans. They founded communities to serve as home bases for these missions. The missionary "messengers" were financially supported by the work of the "laborers" in these settlements. Currently, there are more than 60,000 members.
The Moravian Museum of Bethlehem, also known as the 1741 Gemeinhaus and the Lewis David de Schweinitz Residence, is a historic house museum at 66 West Church Street in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania. Built in 1741 to house the early Moravian community as well as the community's place of worship, the Saal, it is the oldest surviving building in Bethlehem, the largest surviving log house in continuous use in the U.S. and also significant for its association with the botanist and mycologist Lewis David de Schweinitz (1780–1834). It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1975. The building is part of the Historic Moravian Bethlehem District which was designated as a National Historic Landmark District in 2012 and later named to the U.S. Tentative List in 2016 for nomination to the World Heritage List.
Christianity in the 18th century is marked by the First Great Awakening in the Americas, along with the expansion of the Spanish and Portuguese empires around the world, which helped to spread Catholicism.
Christian Frederick Post was a missionary of the Moravian Church to the indigenous peoples of the Americas who played a brief but significant role in Colonial diplomacy.
The Whitefield House and Gray Cottage are two historic homes on the Ephrata Tract in Nazareth, Northampton County, Pennsylvania. Construction on both buildings began in 1740, by Moravian settlers who moved to Nazareth after the failure of their mission to Native Americans and Europeans in the Savannah, Georgia area, 1735–1740. The two structures were added to the National Register of Historic Places on May 1, 1980. The Ephrata Tract and its buildings are owned by the Moravian Historical Society, and act as the Society's headquarters.
Nazareth Hall Tract is a historic Moravian school complex located at Nazareth, Northampton County, Pennsylvania. It consists of the manor house Nazareth Hall, the 1840 Moravian Church, the "First Room" Building (Parsonage), the Principal's House, the Single Sister's House, and a monument. In 1759, it became the central boarding school for sons of Moravian parents known as Nazareth Hall. The school closed in 1928-1929.
Henry Antes was an early 18th-century settler of Pennsylvania, an architect and builder and a leader of the Congregation of God in the Spirit and then the Moravian Church. He is considered one of the most important religious/political leaders of the time, specifically because he preached tolerance and understanding.
Fort Hyndshaw was a fort in Middle Smithfield Township, Monroe County, Pennsylvania, built in 1756. It was the northernmost of a line of Pennsylvania defenses erected during the French and Indian War. The fort was abandoned by its militia garrison in July 1757, but was still used by local settlers as a refuge from Native American attacks, until June 1758 when it was captured by Native American warriors and its inhabitants were taken prisoner.
Meniolagomeka was a Moravian Church settlement of German missionaries and Lenape converts on the Aquashicola Creek near Kunkletown and Smith's Gap in Monroe County, Pennsylvania. Moravian workers included Brothers Bernhard Adam Grubè/Grube, John Joseph Bull (Schebosh), Nathanael Seidel, Georg Jungmann, Johann Peter Yarrel, Georg Jungmann, Abraham Bünninger, Johann Jacob Schmick, and Sisters Anna Margarethe Jungmann and Anna Nitschmann. It was organized formally in 1742 on directions from Count Nicholas von Zinzendorf and had approximately 50-60 Indian and missionary residents. Lenape residents included Teedyuskung, Wiwumkamek, Telepuwechque, Kullis, Achkowema, Uchqueschis, Machschapochque, and Mamsochalend.
The Gnadenhütten massacre was an attack during the French and Indian War in which Native allies of the French killed 11 Moravian missionaries at Gnadenhütten, Pennsylvania on 24 November 1755. They destroyed the mission village and took one woman prisoner, and only four of the sixteen residents escaped. Following the attack, Benjamin Franklin was commissioned by the Pennsylvania Provincial Council to construct forts in the area, and in other parts of the Province of Pennsylvania, to defend against Native American attacks, which were becoming increasingly frequent due to the French and Indian War.
In December 1755, the Northampton massacre was a series of attacks on people in Northampton County, Pennsylvania. These attacks terrified the population, who then demanded military protection from the Pennsylvania government. On 10 and 11 December, a party of Native American warriors attacked the Hoeth family farm and killed Frederick Hoeth and his wife, and took three of their children captive. They also set fire to Daniel Brodhead's Plantation, and attacked and burned about a dozen farms in the area. The Moravian mission at Dansbury was also destroyed.