Murraya paniculata

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Orange jasmine
Murraya paniculata 05.jpg
Foliage and flowers
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Sapindales
Family: Rutaceae
Genus: Murraya
Species:
M. paniculata
Binomial name
Murraya paniculata
Synonyms [2]

Homotypic Synonyms

  • Chalcas paniculataL. (1767), nom. cons.
  • Murraya exotica var. paniculata(L.) Thwaites (1858)

Heterotypic Synonyms

  • Connarus foetens Blanco (1837)
  • Connarus santaloidesBlanco (1845), nom. illeg.
  • Camunium exoticum(L.) Kuntze (1891)
  • Chalcas exotica(L.) Millsp. (1895)
  • Chalcas japanensis Lour. (1790)
  • Limonia malliculensis J.R.Forst. ex Steud. (1840)
  • Marsana buxifolia Sonn. (1782)
  • Murraya amoena Salisb. (1796)
  • Murraya exoticaL. (1771)
  • Murraya exotica var. buxifoliaThwaites (1858)
  • Murraya japonensis(Lour.) Raeusch. (1797)
  • Murraya paniculata var. buxifolia(Sonn.) Thwaites (1858)
  • Murraya paniculata var. exotica(L.) C.C.Huang (1959)
  • Murraya scandens Hassk. (1866)

Murraya paniculata, commonly known as orange jasmine, orange jessamine, china box or mock orange, is a species of shrub or small tree in the family Rutaceae and is native to South Asia, Southeast Asia and Australia. It has smooth bark, pinnate leaves with up to seven egg-shaped to elliptical leaflets, fragrant white or cream-coloured flowers and oval, orange-red berries containing hairy seeds.

Contents

Description

Murraya paniculata is a tree that typically grows to a height of 7 m (23 ft) but often flowers and forms fruit as a shrub, and has smooth pale to whitish bark. It has pinnate leaves up to 170 mm (6.7 in) long with up to seven egg-shaped to elliptical or rhombus-shaped. The leaflets are glossy green and glabrous, 25–100 mm (0.98–3.94 in) long and 12–50 mm (0.47–1.97 in) wide on a petiolule 2–6 mm (0.079–0.236 in) long. [3] [4] [5] [6]

The flowers are fragrant and are arranged in loose groups, each flower on a pedicel 1–1.5 mm (0.039–0.059 in) long. There are five (sometimes four) sepals about 1 mm (0.039 in) long and five (sometimes four) white or cream-coloured petals 13–18 mm (0.51–0.71 in) long. and the fruit is an oval, glabrous, orange-red berry 12–14 mm (0.47–0.55 in) long containing densely hairy seeds. [3] [4] [5] [6]

Phenology

Flowering occurs from June to March in Australia, and the fruit ripen between January and October. [4] [7] In the northern hemisphere flowering occurs from April to October and fruit ripen from April to February. [8]

Taxonomy

This species was first described and illustrated by Georg Eberhard Rumphius in the latter half of the 17th century during his time in what was then known as the Dutch East Indies, and published posthumously in 1747. [9] However the first formal description was produced in 1767 by the Swedish botanist Carl Linnaeus who gave it the name Chalcas paniculata and published it in his book Mantissa Plantarum , which is an appendix to the 12th edition of his earlier work Systema Naturae. [10] [11] In 1820 the Scottish botanist William Jack changed the name to Murraya paniculata in his book Descriptions of Malayan Plants [Malayan Miscellanies]. [12] [13]

Distribution and habitat

Murraya paniculata grows in rainforest, often as an understorey shrub in vine thickets, including behind beaches. It is native to South and Southeast Asia, China and Australasia, while the distribution area extends from Pakistan via India, Sri Lanka and southern China to Taiwan, the Philippines, where it is called kamuníng, [14] the Ryūkyū Islands and the Mariana Islands, to the south via Malaysia and Indonesia to New Guinea and parts of Australia. [4] [2] In Australia, it is native to the Kimberley region of Western Australia, northern parts of the Northern Territory, and parts of Queensland. [15] [16] The species has been naturalised in other places, sometimes becoming an invasive weed, including on many Pacific islands. [17] In Queensland, it is regarded as different from the cultivated form Murraya paniculata 'Exotica', which is regarded as one of the most invasive plant species in southeast Queensland. [6]

Cultivation

Murraya paniculata is cultivated as an ornamental tree or hedge because of its hardiness, wide range of soil tolerance (M. paniculata may grow in alkaline, clayey, sandy, acidic and loamy soils), and is suitable for larger hedges. The plant flowers throughout the year and produces small, fragrant flower clusters which attract bees, while the fruits attract small frugivorous birds. [5]

Propagation

The orange jessamine is sexually propagated by its seeds. The fruits are eaten by birds, which then pass the seeds out in their feces. It may also be asexually propagated by softwood cuttings. [5]

Ecology

This species is one of the preferred hosts of the citrus pest Diaphorina citri , the citrus psyllid, which is the vector for the Citrus greening disease. [17] [18]

Diseases

M. paniculata is vulnerable to soil nematodes, scales, sooty mold and whiteflies. [5]

Related Research Articles

<i>Citrus</i> Genus of flowering plants

Citrus is a genus of flowering trees and shrubs in the family Rutaceae. Plants in the genus produce citrus fruits, including important crops such as oranges, mandarins, lemons, grapefruits, pomelos, and limes.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rutaceae</span> Family of flowering plants in the order Sapindales

The Rutaceae is a family, commonly known as the rue or citrus family, of flowering plants, usually placed in the order Sapindales.

<i>Murraya</i> Genus of flowering plants

Murraya is a genus of flowering plants in the citrus family, Rutaceae. It is distributed in Asia, Australia, and the Pacific Islands. The center of diversity is in southern China and Southeast Asia. When broadly circumscribed, the genus has about 17 species. A narrower circumscription contains only eight species, others being placed in Bergera and Merrillia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Curry tree</span> Species of flowering plant

The curry tree or Bergera koenigii, is a tropical and sub-tropical tree in the family Rutaceae, native to Asia. The plant is also sometimes called sweet neem, though M. koenigii is in a different family from neem, Azadirachta indica, which is in the related family Meliaceae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Orange (fruit)</span> Citrus fruit

An orange, also called sweet orange to distinguish it from the bitter orange, is the fruit of a tree in the family Rutaceae. Botanically, this is the hybrid Citrus × sinensis, between the pomelo and the mandarin orange. The chloroplast genome, and therefore the maternal line, is that of pomelo. The sweet orange has had its full genome sequenced.

<i>Hymenosporum</i> Genus of plant in the family Pittosporaceae

Hymenosporum is a monotypic genus of trees in the family Pittosporaceae. The sole included species is Hymenosporum flavum, commonly known as native frangipani, found in the rainforests and wet sclerophyll forests of New Guinea, Queensland and New South Wales. Despite its common name, it is not closely related to the frangipani, but is related to the widespread genus Pittosporum.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Aurantioideae</span> Subfamily of flowering plants

Aurantioideae is the subfamily within the rue and citrus family (Rutaceae) that contains the citrus. The subfamily's center of diversity is in the monsoon region of eastern Australasia, extending west through South Asia into Africa, and eastwards into Polynesia.

<i>Celtis paniculata</i> Species of tree in the family Cannabaceae

Celtis paniculata, commonly known as tripewood, silky keltis, silky celtis, native hackberry, native celtis, Investigator tree or whitewood, is a rainforest tree native to parts of Malesia, Melanesia and Australia.

<i>Cupaniopsis anacardioides</i> Species of tree

Cupaniopsis anacardioides, commonly known as tuckeroo, cashew-leaf cupania, carrotwood, beach tamarind or green-leaved tamarind, is a species of flowering plant in the family, Sapindaceae, and is native to eastern and northern Australia. It is a tree with paripinnate leaves with 4 to 8 egg-shaped leaflets with the narrower end towards the base, or elliptic leaves, and separate male and female flowers arranged in panicles, the fruit a more or less spherical golden yellow capsule.

<i>Atractocarpus chartaceus</i> Species of plant in the family Rubiaceae

Atractocarpus chartaceus, commonly known as the narrow-leaved gardenia, is a species of evergreen flowering plant in the coffee family Rubiaceae. It is found in subtropical rainforest of eastern Queensland, Australia, and it is cultivated for its fragrant flowers and colourful fruit.

<i>Petalostigma triloculare</i> Species of tree

Petalostigma triloculare, known as the long-leaved bitter bark is a rainforest tree of eastern Australia. It occurs in the drier rainforests, often on sandy soil derived from granite or sandstone, and is sometimes seen on old sand dunes.

<i>Gossia fragrantissima</i> Species of tree

Gossia fragrantissima, the sweet myrtle or small-leaved myrtle, is a shrub or small tree of eastern Australia. A plant with a ROTAP rating of 3EC-, endangered by extinction. Found in sub tropical rainforests near streams, from near Woodburn, New South Wales to Nambour in south eastern Queensland. It features fragrant flowers, hence the specific epithet fragrantissima. White flowers grow from October to February.

<i>Meiogyne cylindrocarpa</i> Species of plant in the family Annonaceae

Meiogyne cylindrocarpa, commonly known as fingersop or native apricot in Australia, is a small tree or shrub in the custard apple family Annonaceae, native to parts of tropical Asia and Australasia.

<i>Coatesia</i> Genus of flowering plants

Coatesia is a genus of plant containing the single species Coatesia paniculata, commonly known as axe-breaker or capivi, and is endemic to eastern Australia. It is a small, evergreen tree with simple, elliptical to egg-shaped leaves, panicles of white flowers on the ends of branchlets or in leaf axils and fused follicles with one black seed in each follicle.

<i>Melicope rubra</i> Species of plant in the family Rutaceae

Melicope rubra, commonly known as the little evodia, is a species of small tree in the citrus family Rutaceae, native to New Guinea and northeast Queensland. It was originally described as Euodia rubra in 1900. It has trifoliate leaves and pink bisexual flowers arranged on branches below the leaves.

<i>Atractocarpus hirtus</i> Species of plant

Atractocarpus hirtus, commonly known as the hairy gardenia or native loquat, is a plant in the coffee family Rubiaceae, a large family of some 6,500 species with a cosmopolitan distribution. This species is endemic to northeastern Queensland, Australia.

<i>Atractocarpus merikin</i> Species of plant

Atractocarpus merikin, commonly known as the mountain gardenia or merikin, is a plant in the Rubiaceae family endemic to northeast Queensland, Australia.

<i>Pittosporum ferrugineum</i> Species of plant

Pittosporum ferrugineum, commonly known as the rusty pittosporum or rusty-leaved pittosporum, is an evergreen plant in the family Pittosporaceae native to Malesia, Papuasia, the Northern Territory and Queensland.

<i>Fagraea fagraeacea</i> Species of plant

Fagraea fagraeacea, commonly known as yellowheart or pink jitta, is a plant in the gentian family Gentianaceae which is native to New Guinea and Queensland.

<i>Xanthophyllum fragrans</i> Species of plant

Xanthophyllum fragrans, commonly known as fragrant boxwood, is an evergreen plant in the family Polygalaceae found only in the Wet Tropics bioregion of Queensland, Australia.

References

  1. "Murraya paniculata". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 28 July 2020.
  2. 1 2 "Murraya paniculata (L.) Jack". Plants of the World Online . Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 2024. Retrieved 1 January 2024.
  3. 1 2 F.A.Zich; B.P.M.Hyland; T.Whiffen; R.A.Kerrigan (2020). "Murraya paniculata". Australian Tropical Rainforest Plants Edition 8 (RFK8). Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research (CANBR), Australian Government . Retrieved 24 June 2021.
  4. 1 2 3 4 Mabberley, D.J. (2022). Kodela, P.G. (ed.). "Murraya paniculata". Flora of Australia . Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water: Canberra. Retrieved 1 January 2024.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 Gilman, Edward F. (October 1999). "Murraya paniculata" (PDF). Institute of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Florida. Retrieved 1 January 2024.
  6. 1 2 3 "Murraya paniculata". Weeds of Australia. Identic Pty Ltd. Retrieved 1 January 2024.
  7. Cooper, Wendy; Cooper, William T. (June 2004). Fruits of the Australian Tropical Rainforest. Clifton Hill, Victoria, Australia: Nokomis Editions. p. 471. ISBN   978-0958174213.
  8. "Murraya paniculata (L.) Jack". Flora of China (eFloras). Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA. Retrieved 1 January 2024.
  9. Rumph, Georg Eberhard (1747). Herbarium amboinense. Amstelaedami. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.569 . Retrieved 1 January 2024.
  10. von Linné, Carl (October 1767). Mantissa Plantarum. Holmiæ: Impensis Direct. Laurentii Salvii. p. 68. Retrieved 29 July 2020.
  11. "Chalcas paniculata". APNI. Retrieved 29 July 2020.
  12. "Murraya paniculata". Australian Plant Name Index (APNI). Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research, Australian Government . Retrieved 1 January 2024.
  13. Jack, William (1820). Descriptions of Malayan plants No. 2. p. 31. Retrieved 1 January 2024.
  14. "Kamuning". Stuartxchange. Retrieved 21 November 2021.
  15. "Murraya paniculata". FloraBase . Western Australian Government Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.
  16. "Murraya paniculata". Northern Territory Government. Retrieved 29 July 2020.
  17. 1 2 "Murraya paniculata". Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER). US Forest Service. Archived from the original on 1 June 2023. Retrieved 29 July 2020.
  18. Halbert, Susan E.; Manjunath, Keremane L. (2004). "Asian citrus psyllids (Sternorrhyncha: Psyllidae) and greening disease of citrus: a literature review and assessment of risk in Florida". Florida Entomologist. 87 (3): 330–353. doi: 10.1653/0015-4040(2004)087[0330:ACPSPA]2.0.CO;2 .