The national anthem of South Africa was adopted in 1997 and is a hybrid song combining extracts of the 19th century Xhosa hymn "Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika" and the Afrikaans song that was used as the South African national anthem during the apartheid era, "Die Stem van Suid-Afrika", with new English lyrics.
The governor-general of the Union of South Africa was the highest state official in the Union of South Africa between 31 May 1910 and 31 May 1961. The Union of South Africa was founded as a self-governing Dominion of the British Empire in 1910 and the office of governor-general was established as the representative of the monarch. Fifty-one years later the country declared itself a republic and the historic link with the British monarchy was broken. The office of governor-general was abolished.
Die Stem van Suid-Afrika, also known as "The Call of South Africa" or simply "Die Stem", was the national anthem of South Africa during the apartheid era. There are two versions of the song, one in English and the other in Afrikaans, which were in use early on in the Union of South Africa alongside God Save the Queen and as the sole anthem after South Africa became a republic. It was the sole national anthem from 1957 to 1994, and shared co-national anthem status with "God Save the King/Queen" from 1938 to 1957. After the end of apartheid, it was retained as a co-national anthem along with "Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika" until 1997, when a new hybrid song incorporating elements of both songs was adopted as the country's new national anthem, which is still in use.
"Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika" is a Christian hymn composed in 1897 by Enoch Sontonga, a Xhosa clergyman at a Methodist mission school near Johannesburg.
"Namibia, Land of the Brave" is the national anthem of Namibia, adopted in December 1991. It was composed by Axali Doëseb, who was the director of a traditional music group from the Kalahari Desert. Doëseb was chosen to compose it after winning a contest held after Namibia became independent in 1990.
The national anthem of the Orange Free State was used from 1854 until 1902 as the national anthem of the Orange Free State.
Since unification in 1910, South Africa has used a range of national symbols to identify the country: coats of arms, official seals, flags, national anthems, and floral, bird, animal, and other emblems.
Stephanus Petrus Erasmus Trichard was a field cornet and Commander for the South African Republic in the First and Second Boer War.
In 1992, the South Africa Springboks played a rugby union test match against the New Zealand All Blacks, which later became known as the Return Test. The match was played at Ellis Park Stadium in Johannesburg on 15 August 1992. It was named as the Return Test as it was South Africa's first test match since the International Rugby Football Board (IRFB) had banned them due to apartheid.
Johan Hendrik Greijbe was an Afrikaans educationist and chairman of the Afrikaner Broederbond.
"Afrikaners Landgenote" or "Afrikaners Landgenoten" is a South African Afrikaner folk song. It is set to the tune of "Deutschlandlied" and "Gott erhalte Franz den Kaiser". It is a translation of Deutschlandlied, It was written by Nico Hofmeyr and was intended as an alternative Afrikaans-language national anthem for South Africa alongside "God Save the King" before "Die Stem van Suid-Afrika".
"Vlaglied" is a South African patriotic song from the 20th century. It is an ode dedicated to the former South African flag that was used from 1928 to 1994. The song was notably used during the apartheid era as a de facto flag anthem.
Johannes Gerhardus Celliers was a Boer general in the Anglo-Boer War (1899-1902) in South Africa.
Christiaan "Chrisjan" Ernst Fourie was an Anglo-Boer War commander of the Middelburg and Johannesburg Commandos and later a combat general for the South African Republic. He should not be confused with his colleagues, the Boer generals Joachim Christoffel Fourie (1845-1900) and Petrus "Piet" Johannes Fourie (1842-1916).
Joachim Christoffel Fourie was an Anglo-Boer War Combat General and Assistant Commander-in-Chief for the South African Republic. He should not be confused with his colleagues, the Second Boer War generals Christiaan Ernst Fourie (1858-1943) and Petrus "Piet" Johannes Fourie (1842-1916), and his son and namesake Joachim Christoffel Fourie (1877-1958), military commander of the Carolina Commando in the South West Africa campaign (1914-1915) in the First World War.
Sarel Petrus du Toit was a Second Boer War Boer general for the South African Republic. In 1896 he was elected representative to the Eerste Volksraad in Pretoria for the district of Wolmaransstad.
Daniel Jacobus Elardus Erasmus was a Boer general during the Anglo Boer War (1899–1902).
Johan Hendrik Breytenbach was the official South African state historian for the Second Boer War. He was employed by the National Archives in Pretoria and studied the Second Boer War since 1940. In 1959 the Minister of Education, Arts and Science appointed Breytenbach state historian for the Second Boer War, supervised by the Department of History of the University of Pretoria. When Breytenbach died in 1994, he had published five volumes of his Die Geskiedenis van die Tweede Vryheidsoorlog in Suid-Afrika, 1899–1902 between 1969 and 1983, with two further volumes at the planning stage. Using Breytenbach's notes, the State Archives finalised and published Volume 6 posthumously in 1996, concluding with a treatment of the Battle of Bergendal. Apart from this major work Breytenbach published many books and articles on South African history.
Frederik Jacobus Potgieter was a Boer commander in the Second Boer War. He is also referred to as Frederik Johannes Potgieter.
Tobias Smuts was a Second Boer War Boer general and member of the Eerste Volksraad for the South African Republic.
South African Republic 
