Newcastle Parish, New Brunswick

This article is about the geographic parish, former local service district, and census subdivision. For the former town, see Newcastle, New Brunswick.

Newcastle
Parish
Location within Northumberland County, New Brunswick
Coordinates: 47°00′N65°34′W / 47.0°N 65.57°W / 47.0; -65.57
Country	Canada
Province	New Brunswick
County	Northumberland
Erected	1786
Area [1]
• Land	578.70 km2 (223.44 sq mi)
Population  (2021) [1]
• Total	1,149
• Density	2.0/km2 (5/sq mi)
• Change 2016-2021	1.1%
• Dwellings	529
Time zone	UTC-4 (AST)
• Summer (DST)	UTC-3 (ADT)
Figures do not include portions within the city of Miramichi and the Eel Ground 2 Indian reserve

Newcastle is a geographic parish in Northumberland County, New Brunswick, Canada. ^[4]

For governance purposes it is divided between the city of Miramichi ^[5] and the Greater Miramichi rural district, ^[6] with small border areas belonging to the incorporated rural communities of Alnwick (Bartibog area) and Miramichi River Valley (Chaplin Island Road), ^[5] all of which are members of the Greater Miramichi Regional Service Commission, ^[7] and the Eel Ground 2 and Metepenagiag Uta'nk Indian reserves, which are not part of the RSC.

Prior to the 2023 governance reform, the parish was divided between Miramichi, ^[8] the Indian reserves, and the local service districts of Lower Newcastle-Russellville and the parish of Newcastle. ^[9]

Origin of name

Newcastle and Alnwick Parishes were erected simultaneously. Alnwick and Newcastle are the county town and largest city of historical Northumberland County, England. This may be the origin of the two parishes' names. ^{[10] [11]}

Another possibility is that the parish was named in honour of the Duke of Newcastle, Prime Minister of Great Britain 1757–1762. ^[12] The Duke had no obvious connection to the name Alnwick.

History

Newcastle was erected in 1786 as one of Northumberland County's original parishes. ^[13] including all or part of most parishes in Northumberland and Kent Counties.

Boundaries

Newcastle Parish is bounded: ^{[2] [14] [15]}

• on the north by the Gloucester County line;
• on the east by a line beginning on the county line at a point about 3.3 kilometres west-southwesterly of Route 8, then running south ^{[lower-alpha 1]} to the Route 8 bridge over the Bartibog River, then down the Bartibog River to its mouth;
• on the south by the Miramichi River and Northwest Miramichi River;
• on the west by a line beginning on southeastern corner of a grant to Oliver Willard on the western side of Jones Cove, then running north ^{[lower-alpha 1]} to the county line;
• including Bartibog Island in the Miramichi.

Evolution of boundaries

The original boundaries of Newcastle were Westmorland County on the south, a line due west from the northern tip of Portage Island on the north, and a north-south line through the mouth of Cains River on the west.

In 1814 Northumberland County was completely reorganised and Newcastle took on a more recognisable shape. ^[19] The boundary with Northesk was different, starting near the old courthouse and passing through the intersection of Newcastle Boulevard and Beaverbrook Road.

In 1824 the boundary with Northesk was moved west to its modern starting point on Jones Cove. ^[20] The direction of the boundary was also changed to run north instead of prolongation a grant line, which transferred a triangle of territory in the south to Newcastle and a triangle in the north to Northesk.

In 1850 the boundary with Alnwick Parish was adjusted by running further up the Bartibog River before turning north. ^[16]

Communities

Communities at least partly within the parish. ^{[14] [15] [21]} bold indicates an incorporated municipality or Indian reserve; italics indicate a name no longer in official use

Bartibog Beaver Brook Station Bellefond Beveridge Busby East Beaver Brook Eel Ground 2

Highbank Little Bartibog Lower Newcastle Morrissy Patterson Siding Russellville Telly Road Crossing

Miramichi Back Lots Cross Roads Douglastown Ferry Road Millbank

Miramichi Moorefield Newcastle Nordin Northwest Bridge

Bodies of water

Bodies of water ^{[lower-alpha 2]} at least partly within the parish. ^{[14] [15] [21]}

Bartibog River Big Eskedelloc River Little Bartibog River Miramichi River

Northwest Miramichi River Northwest Millstream Armstrong Lake The Lake

Islands

Islands at least partly within the parish. ^{[14] [15] [21]}

• Bartibog Island

Other notable places

Parks, historic sites, and other noteworthy places at least partly within the parish. ^{[14] [15] [21] [22]}

• Bellefond Protected Natural Area
• East Branch Portage River Protected Natural Area
• Green Brook Protected Natural Area
• MacDonald Farm Provincial Park ^[23]
• MacDonald Farm Wildlife Management Area ^[24]

Demographics

Parish population total does not include Eel Ground 2 Indian reserve and portion within Miramichi

Population Population trend [25] [26] [27] Census Population Change (%) 2016 1,136 6.9% 2011 1,220 0.9% 2006 1,209 1.5% 2001 1,228 2.3% 1996 1,257 6.6% 1991 1,179 N/A

Language Mother tongue (2016) [27] Language Population Pct (%) English only 740 65.2% French only 345 30.4% Both English and French 30 2.6% Other languages 20 1.8%

See also

• List of parishes in New Brunswick

Notes

1. By the magnet of 1850, ^[16] when declination in the area was between 20º and 21º west of north. ^[17] The Territorial Division Act clause referring to magnetic direction bearings was omitted in the 1952 ^[18] and 1973 Revised Statutes. ^[2]
2. Not including brooks, ponds or coves.

References

1. "Census Profile". Statistics Canada. 26 October 2022. Retrieved 30 October 2022.
2. "Chapter T-3 Territorial Division Act". Government of New Brunswick. Retrieved 13 February 2023.
3. "Chapter I-13 Interpretation Act". Government of New Brunswick. Retrieved 13 February 2023.
4. The Territorial Division Act ^[2] divides the province into 152 parishes, the cities of Saint John and Fredericton, and one town of Grand Falls. The Interpretation Act ^[3] clarifies that parishes include any local government within their borders.
5. "Greater Miramichi Regional Service Commission: RSC 5". Government of New Brunswick. Retrieved 13 February 2023.
6. "Greater Miramichi Regional Service Commission: RD 5". Government of New Brunswick. Retrieved 13 February 2023.
7. "Regions Regulation – Regional Service Delivery Act". Government of New Brunswick. 21 July 2022. Retrieved 13 February 2023.
8. "Municipalities Order - Municipalities Act". Governmentof New Brunswick. 25 June 2021. Retrieved 13 February 2023.
9. "Local Service Districts Regulation - Municipalities Act". Government of New Brunswick. 25 June 2021. Retrieved 13 February 2023.
10. Ganong, William F. (1896). A Monograph of the Place-Nomenclature of the Province of New Brunswick. Royal Society of Canada. p. 217. Retrieved 17 March 2021.
11. "Alnwick Parish". Place Names of New Brunswick: Where is Home? New Brunswick Communities Past and Present. Provincial Archives of New Brunswick. Retrieved 26 March 2021.
12. "Newcastle Parish". Place Names of New Brunswick: Where is Home? New Brunswick Communities Past and Present. Provincial Archives of New Brunswick. Retrieved 26 March 2021.
13. "26 Geo. III Chapter I. An Act for the better ascertaining and confirming the Boundaries of the several Counties within this Province, and for subdividing them into Towns or Parishes.". Acts of the General Assembly of His Majesty's Province of New-Brunswick, passed in the year 1786. Saint John, New Brunswick: Government of New Brunswick. 1786. pp. 3–12. Retrieved 20 March 2021.
14. "No. 51". Provincial Archives of New Brunswick. Department of Natural Resources and Energy Development. Retrieved 18 June 2021. Remainder of parish on maps 52, 60, 61, and 69 at same site.
15. "134" (PDF). Transportation and Infrastructure. Government of New Brunswick. Retrieved 18 June 2021. Remainder of parish on mapbooks 155, 156, 172–174, 188–190, 203, and 204 at same site.
16. "13 Vic. c. 51 An Act to consolidate all the Laws now in force for the division of the Province into Counties, Towns and Parishes.". Acts of the General Assembly of Her Mjaesty's Province of New Brunswick, Passed in the Year 1850. Fredericton: Government of New Brunswick. 1850. pp. 142–152, 145–149. Retrieved 27 March 2021. Book was poorly proofread, resulting in title typo and reuse of page numbers 145–152.
17. "Historical Magnetic Declination". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 13 March 2021.
18. "Chapter 227 Territorial Division Act". The Revised Statutes of New Brunswick 1952 Volume III. Fredericton: Government of New Brunswick. 1952. pp. 3725–3771.
19. "54 Geo. III c. 17 An Act in further addition to an Act, intituled 'An Act for the better ascertaining and confirming the boundaries of the several Counties, within this Province, and for subdividing them into Towns or Parishes.'". Acts of the General Assembly of His Majesty's Province of New-Brunswick; Passed in the Year 1814. Saint John, New Brunswick: Government of New Brunswick. 1814. pp. 16–18. Retrieved 27 March 2021.
20. "5 Geo. IV c. 20 An Act to alter the Division Line between the Parishes of New-Castle and Northesk, in the County of Northumberland.". Acts of the General Assembly of His Majesty's Province of New-Brunswick, Passed in the Year 1824. Fredericton: Government of New Brunswick. 1824. pp. 44–45. Retrieved 27 March 2021.
21. "Search the Canadian Geographical Names Database (CGNDB)". Government of Canada. Retrieved 7 July 2021.
22. "Explore New Brunswick's Protected Natural Areas". GeoNB. Retrieved 2 July 2021.
23. "New Brunswick Regulation 2017-46 under the Parks Act (O.C. 2017-293)" (PDF). The Royal Gazette. 175. Fredericton: Queen's Printer: 1496–1497. 13 December 2017. ISSN   1714-9428 . Retrieved 5 July 2021.
24. "New Brunswick Regulation 94-43 under the Fish and Wildlife Act (O.C. 94-231)". Government of New Brunswick. 5 June 2006. Retrieved 8 July 2021.
25. Statistics Canada: 1996, 2001, 2006 census
26. 2011 Statistics Canada Census Profile: Newcastle Parish, New Brunswick
27. "Census Profile, 2016 Census: Newcastle, Parish [Census subdivision], New Brunswick". Statistics Canada. Retrieved 25 September 2019.

47°00′00″N65°34′12″W / 47.00000°N 65.57000°W / 47.00000; -65.57000 (Newcastle Parish, New Brunswick)