Orientalosuchina

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Orientalosuchina
Temporal range: Paleocene-Eocene, 65–35  Ma
Protoalligator huiningensis (Paleozoological Museum of China, May 23, 2008).jpg
Partial skull and jaw of Protoalligator huiningensis , on display at the Paleozoological Museum of China
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Reptilia
Order: Crocodilia
Superfamily: Alligatoroidea
Clade: Globidonta
Clade: Orientalosuchina
Massonne et al., 2019
Genera

Orientalosuchina is an extinct clade of alligatoroid crocodylians from South and East Asia that lived during the Paleocene and Eocene.

The clade was named as the result of a 2019 study by Massonne et al. that included several extinct alligatoroid taxa from Asia and found that they were all closely related and together formed a monophyletic clade as basal members of Alligatoroidea, as shown in the cladogram below: [1]

Alligatoroidea

Diplocynodontinae Cartography of Europe.svg

Globidonta

Leidyosuchus Cartography of North America.svg

Deinosuchus Cartography of North America.svg

Navajosuchus Cartography of North America.svg

Ceratosuchus Cartography of North America.svg

Stangerochampsa Cartography of North America.svg

Brachychampsa sealeyi Cartography of North America.svg

Brachychampsa montana Cartography of North America.svg

Orientalosuchina

Eoalligator Cartography of Asia.svg

Jiangxisuchus Cartography of Asia.svg

Protoalligator Cartography of Asia.svg

Orientalosuchus Cartography of Asia.svg

Krabisuchus Cartography of Asia.svg

Alligatoridae

Alligatorinae

Caimaninae

Some studies have disputed this placement of Jiangxisuchus within Orientalosuchina as an alligatoroid, instead recovering Jiangxisuchus as a basal member of Crocodyloidea. [2] [3]

Related Research Articles

<i>Ceratosuchus</i> Extinct genus of reptiles

Ceratosuchus is an extinct genus of alligatorine crocodylian from latest Paleocene rocks of Colorado's Piceance Basin and earliest Eocene rocks of Wyoming's Bighorn Basin in North America, a slice of time known as the Clarkforkian North American Land Mammal Age. Like its modern relatives, Ceratosuchus was a swamp-dwelling predator. It is named for the pair of flattened, triangular bony plates that extend from the back of its head.

<i>Diplocynodon</i> Extinct genus of reptiles

Diplocynodon is an extinct genus of alligatoroid that lived during the Paleocene to Middle Miocene in Europe. It looked very similar to the modern caiman in that it was small and had bony armour scutes covering its neck, back, belly, and tail. The longest Diplocynodon recovered was 4 feet in length and probably fed on small fish, frogs, and took insects when young.

Wannaganosuchus is an extinct genus of small alligatorid crocodylian. It was found in Late Paleocene-age rocks of Billings County, North Dakota, United States.

Procaimanoidea is an extinct genus of alligatorid from the Eocene of North America. It was named posthumously in 1946 by Charles W. Gilmore; the type species is P. utahensis, from the Uintan of Utah. It is based on USNM 15996, a nearly complete skull and partial left hind leg. A second species, P. kayi, was named in 1941 by C.C. Mook as a species of Hassiacosuchus, for remains from the Bridgerian of Wyoming. It was reassigned to Procaimanoidea in 1967 by Wassersug and Hecht.

<i>Leidyosuchus</i> Genus of reptiles

Leidyosuchus is an extinct genus of alligatoroid from the Late Cretaceous of Alberta. It was named in 1907 by Lawrence Lambe, and the type species is L. canadensis. It is known from a number of specimens from the middle Campanian age Dinosaur Park Formation. It was a medium-sized alligatorid, with a maximum skull length greater than 40 centimeters (16 in).

Eoalligator is an extinct genus of alligatoroid crocodilian from Paleocene deposits in China.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Alligatoroidea</span> Superfamily of reptiles

Alligatoroidea is one of three superfamilies of crocodylians, the other two being Crocodyloidea and Gavialoidea. Alligatoroidea evolved in the Late Cretaceous period, and consists of the alligators and caimans, as well as extinct members more closely related to the alligators than the two other groups.

<i>Allognathosuchus</i> Extinct genus of reptiles

Allognathosuchus is an extinct genus of alligatorine crocodylian with a complicated taxonomic history. It was named in 1921.

<i>Navajosuchus</i> Extinct genus of reptiles

Navajosuchus is an extinct genus of alligatorine crocodylian. Its fossils have been found in the Paleocene-age Nacimiento Formation of the San Juan Basin, New Mexico. It was named in 1942 by Charles C. Mook, and the original type species was N. novomexicanus. N. novomexicanus was based on AMNH 5186, a partial skull collected in 1913. Later research showed that Navajosuchus novomexicanus was the same as the earlier-named Allognathosuchus mooki. However, A. mooki does not belong to the genus Allognathosuchus, and so the name of the crocodilian becomes Navajosuchus mooki. Under whichever name is used, this animal would have been a generalized predator of the Nacimiento floodplains. It was the most common Nacimiento Formation crocodilian, found in both the Puercan and Torrejonian faunal assemblages.

<i>Acynodon</i> Extinct genus of reptiles

Acynodon is an extinct genus of eusuchian crocodylomorph from the Late Cretaceous, with fossils found throughout Southern Europe.

Arambourgia is an extinct monotypic genus of alligatorine crocodylian from Europe. It was named in 1905 as Allognathosuchus gaudryi. It was made a separate genus Arambourgia in 1940. This was synonymized with Allognathosuchus haupti in 1990, but later reassigned as its own genus once again in 2004. Arambourgia was likely to have been part of an early dispersal event of alligatorines from North America to Europe during the Eocene epoch. Arambourgia had non-serrated teeth and a deep orienirostral snout, unlike the flatter snouts of most other alligatorids.

Bottosaurus is an extinct genus of alligatorid from the Late Cretaceous-Early Paleocene of New Jersey, Texas, and possibly North Carolina and South Carolina. Two species are currently accepted, with a third requiring re-evaluation.

<i>Brachychampsa</i> Extinct genus of reptiles

Brachychampsa is an extinct genus of alligatoroid, possibly a basal caiman. Specimens have been reported from New Mexico, Colorado, Wyoming, Montana, North and South Dakota, New Jersey, and Saskatchewan, though only those from Montana, Utah, and New Mexico are based on material sufficient to justify the referral. One specimen has been reported from the Darbasa Formation of Kazakhstan, although the species status is indeterminate for the fossil. The genus first appeared during the late Campanian stage of the Late Cretaceous and became extinct during the late Maastrichtian stage of the Cretaceous. Brachychampsa is distinguished by an enlarged fifth maxillary tooth in the upper jaw.

Krabisuchus is an extinct genus of alligatoroid crocodylian that existed in what is now Thailand during the Eocene. It was first named by paleontologists Jeremy A. Martin and Komsorn Lauprasert in 2010, and the type species is K. siamogallicus. Fossils have been found from the Krabi Basin of southern Thailand and include mostly cranial and mandibular elements as well as some postcranial remains. Krabisuchus is currently the most well known primitive alligatoroid from Asia; previously, these animals were only represented in Asia by a few fragmentary remains from China. The fossil record of alligatoroids is much more extensive in Europe and North America, where most taxa have been described.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Globidonta</span> Clade of reptiles

Globidonta is a clade of alligatoroids that includes alligators, caimans, and closely related extinct forms. It is defined as a stem-based clade including Alligator mississippiensis and all forms more closely related to it than to Diplocynodon. The group's fossil range extends back into the Late Cretaceous with early alligatoroids such as Albertochampsa and Brachychampsa. Extinct globidontans were particularly common in North America and Eurasia, and their modern range also includes South America.

Culebrasuchus is an extinct, monotypic genus of caiman alligatorid known from the Early to Middle Miocene (Hemingfordian) of the Panama Canal Zone of Panama. It contains a single species, Culebrasuchus mesoamericanus.

<i>Protoalligator</i> Extinct genus of reptiles

Protoalligator is an extinct genus of alligatoroid crocodilian found in the Anhui province of China and lived during the Paleocene.

<i>Maomingosuchus</i> Extinct genus of reptiles

Maomingosuchus is an extinct genus of gavialoid crocodylian from Late Eocene of Southeast Asia. It was discovered in Priabonian-aged deposits of China and possibly also Thailand. The type species, originally Tomistoma petrolica, was named in 1958 and was redescribed as Maomingosuchus in 2017. A second species, Maomingosuchus acutirostris, was described in 2022 from middle-upper Eocence deposits of the Na Duong Basin in northern Vietnam. It is proposed to be a basal member of Gavialoidea, or alternatively within the family Tomistominae.

<i>Orientalosuchus</i> Extinct genus of reptiles

Orientalosuchus is an extinct genus of alligatoroid crocodilian from the Late Eocene that was found in the Na Duong Formation in Vietnam.

Jiangxisuchus is an extinct genus of crocodylian that lived during the Late Cretaceous in what is now China. It was described in 2019, and was proposed to be a basal member of Crocodyloidea. However, another concurrent 2019 study recovered Jiangxisuchus instead as a basal member of Alligatoroidea, within the newly named clade Orientalosuchina.

References

  1. Tobias Massonne; Davit Vasilyan; Márton Rabi; Madelaine Böhme (2019). "A new alligatoroid from the Eocene of Vietnam highlights an extinct Asian clade independent from extant Alligator sinensis". PeerJ. 7: e7562. doi:10.7717/peerj.7562. PMC   6839522 . PMID   31720094.
  2. Li, C.; Wu, X. C.; Rufolo, S. J. (2019). "A new crocodyloid (Eusuchia: Crocodylia) from the upper cretaceous of China". Cretaceous Research . 94: 25–39. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2018.09.015. S2CID   133661294.
  3. Rio, Jonathan P.; Mannion, Philip D. (6 September 2021). "Phylogenetic analysis of a new morphological dataset elucidates the evolutionary history of Crocodylia and resolves the long-standing gharial problem". PeerJ . 9: e12094. doi: 10.7717/peerj.12094 . PMC   8428266 . PMID   34567843.