Pluteus salicinus

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Pluteus salicinus
2011-11-12 Pluteus salicinus (Pers.) P. Kumm 181966.jpg
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Basidiomycota
Class: Agaricomycetes
Order: Agaricales
Family: Pluteaceae
Genus: Pluteus
Species:
P. salicinus
Binomial name
Pluteus salicinus
(Pers.) P.Kumm. (1871)
Synonyms [1]

Agaricus salicinusPers. (1798)
Rhodosporus salicinus(Pers.) J.Schröt. (1889)

Contents

Pluteus salicinus
Information icon.svg
Gills icon.pnggills on hymenium
Convex cap icon.svgFlat cap icon.svg cap is convex or flat
Free gills icon2.svg hymenium is free
Bare stipe icon.svg stipe is bare
Transparent spore print icon.svg
spore print is pink
Saprotrophic fungus.svgecology is saprotrophic
Mycomorphbox Psychoactive.pngMycomorphbox Edible.pngedibility: psychoactive or edible

Pluteus salicinus is a European psychedelic mushroom that grows on wood. It is an edible mushroom after parboiling. [2]

Taxonomy

The species was originally described by Christian Hendrik Persoon as Agaricus salicinus in 1798. [3] Paul Kummer transferred it to the genus Pluteus in 1871. [4]

Description

Habitat and distribution

This mushroom is widely distributed across western Europe and Siberia. It is found on hardwoods - Alnus, Eucalyptus, Fagus, Populus and Quercus. [5]

It is always found growing on wood. Summer-fall, solitary or gregarious on dead wood of hardwoods, in damp forests on flood-plains.

Common name

The 'knackers crumpet' is a localised, common name referring to Pluteus salicinus. Its use is most prominent in the North of England.

Chemistry

The concentration of psilocybin and psilocin in the dried sample of P. salicinus has been reported in the range of 0.21-0.35 and 0.011-0.05%, respectively. [6] [7]

See also

Related Research Articles

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Panaeolus cinctulus, syn. Panaeolus subbalteatus, commonly known as the banded mottlegill, weed Panaeolus or subbs is a very common, widely distributed psilocybin mushroom. According to American naturalist and mycologist David Arora, Panaeolus cinctulus is the most common psilocybin mushroom in California.

<i>Psilocybe quebecensis</i> Species of fungus

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<i>Pluteus</i> Genus of fungi

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<i>Psilocybe baeocystis</i> Species of fungus

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<i>Panaeolus cambodginiensis</i>

Panaeolus cambodginiensis is a potent hallucinogenic mushroom that contains psilocybin and psilocin. It was described in 1979 as Copelandia cambodginiensis.

<i>Panaeolus foenisecii</i> Species of fungus

Panaeolus foenisecii, commonly called the mower's mushroom, haymaker or brown hay mushroom, is a very common and widely distributed little brown mushroom often found on lawns and is not an edible mushroom. In 1963 Tyler and Smith found that this mushroom contains serotonin, 5-HTP and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid. In many field guides it is erroneously listed as psychoactive; however, the mushroom does not produce any hallucinogenic effects.

<i>Psilocybe caerulipes</i> Species of fungus

Psilocybe MP caerulipes, commonly known as blue-foot, is a rare psilocybin mushroom of the family Hymenogastraceae, having psilocybin and psilocin as main active compounds. An older synonym is Agaricus caerulipes.

<i>Pluteus leoninus</i>

Pluteus leoninus, commonly known as lion shield, can occasionally be found growing on dead wood in Europe and North Africa. The underside of the cap is typical of the genus Pluteus — the gills are pale, soon becoming pink when the spores ripen. But the upper surface is a bright tawny or olivaceous yellow. The species name leoninus refers to this cap colour.

<i>Gymnopilus aeruginosus</i> Species of fungus

Gymnopilus aeruginosus, also known as the magic blue gym, is a mushroom-forming fungus that grows in clusters on dead wood and wood chip mulch. It is widely distributed and common in the Pacific Northwest. It has a rusty orange spore print and a bitter taste and contains the hallucinogen psilocybin. It was given its current name by mycologist Rolf Singer in 1951.

<i>Gymnopilus liquiritiae</i> Species of fungus

Gymnopilus liquiritiae is a mushroom in the family Cortinariaceae. The mushroom is widely distributed and grows in dense clusters on dead conifer wood. It has a rusty orange spore print, a bitter taste, and does not contain the hallucinogen psilocybin. One of its key distinguishing features is the lack of partial veil.

<i>Psilocybe fimetaria</i> Species of fungus

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<i>Psilocybe cyanofibrillosa</i> Psilocybin mushroom

Psilocybe cyanofibrillosa, also known as rhododendron psilocybe and blue-haired psilocybe, is a psilocybin mushroom of the family Hymenogastraceae having psilocybin and psilocin as main active compounds. First documented in 1980 in the Pacific Northwest, it is relatively uncommon and can be distinguished from other closely related species by its smaller spores and forking cheilocystidia. Psilocybe cyanescens also has forking cheilocystidia, but less often than Psilocybe cyanofibrillosa. Psilocybe cyanofibrillosa is also distinguished from Psilocybe cyanescens by an absence of pleurocystidia. The name of this species refers to the fibrils on the Stipe (mycology) that turn bluish in age, or when handled.

<i>Gymnopilus luteus</i> Species of fungus

Gymnopilus luteus also called the "Yellow Gymnopilus" is a widely distributed mushroom of the Eastern United States, it contains the hallucinogens psilocybin and psilocin. Often mistaken for Gymnopilus speciosissimus and Gymnopilus subspectabilis.

<i>Gymnopilus luteoviridis</i> Species of fungus

Gymnopilus luteoviridis is a widely distributed mushroom of the Eastern United States that contains the hallucinogens psilocybin and psilocin.

<i>Psilocybe hoogshagenii</i> Species of fungus

Psilocybe hoogshagenii is a species of psilocybin mushroom in the family Hymenogastraceae. The mushroom has a brownish conical or bell-shaped cap up to 3 cm (1.2 in) wide that has an extended papilla up to 4 mm long. The stem is slender and 5 to 9 cm long. The variety P. hoogshagenii var. convexa lacks the long papilla.

<i>Psilocybe makarorae</i> Species of fungus

Psilocybe makarorae is a species of psilocybin mushroom in the family Hymenogastraceae. Officially described as new to science in 1995, it is known only from New Zealand, where it grows on rotting wood and twigs of southern beeches. The fruit body (mushroom) has a brownish cap with lighter coloured margins, measuring up to 3.5 cm (1.4 in) wide. The cap shape is either conical, bell-shaped, or flat depending on the age of the mushroom, and it features a prominent umbo. Although the whitish stem does not form a true ring, it retains remnants of the partial veil that covers and protects the gills of young fruit bodies. P. makarorae mushrooms can be distinguished from the similar North American species Psilocybe caerulipes by microscopic characteristics such as the presence of cystidia on the gill faces (pleurocystidia), and cheilocystidia with more elongated necks. Based on the bluing reaction to injury, P. makarorae is presumed to contain the psychedelic compounds psilocybin and psilocin.

<i>Hygrophorus purpurascens</i> Species of fungus

Hygrophorus purpurascens, commonly known as the veiled purple hygrophorus, is a species of agaric fungus in the family Hygrophoraceae. Its cap has a pink background color with streaks of purplish red overlaid, and mature gills have red spots.

Psilocybe washingtonensis is a species of psilocybin mushroom in the family Hymenogastraceae. It is similar in appearance to Psilocybe pelliculosa and P. silvatica, and a microscope is needed to reliably distinguish between them.

<i>Pluteus americanus</i>

Pluteus americanus is a North American and Russian psychedelic mushroom that grows on hardwoods.

References

  1. "Pluteus salicinus (Pers.) P. Kumm. 1871". MycoBank. International Mycological Association. Retrieved 2012-08-07.
  2. Konuk, Muhsin; Afyon, Ahmet; Yağız, Dursun (September 2006). "Chemical composition of some naturally growing and edible mushrooms" (PDF). Pakistan Journal of Botany. 38 (3): 799–804. ISSN   0556-3321.
  3. Icones et Descriptiones Fungorum Minus Cognitorum (in Latin). 1. Leipzig, Germany: Breitkopf-Haertel. 1798. pp. 1–26.
  4. Kummer P. (1871). Der Führer in die Pilzkunde (in German) (1 ed.). Zerbst, Germany: C. Luppe. p. 99.
  5. Justo, Alfredo (2014). "Molecular phylogeny and phylogeography of Holarctic species of Pluteus section Pluteus (Agaricales: Pluteaceae), with description of twelve new species" (PDF). Phytotaxa. 180: 1. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.180.1.1. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-04.
  6. Christiansen, A. L.; Rasmussen, K. E.; Høiland, K. (August 1984). "Detection of psilocybin and psilocin in Norwegian species of Pluteus and Conocybe". Planta Medica. 50 (4): 341–343. doi:10.1055/s-2007-969726. PMID   17340325. Closed Access logo transparent.svg
  7. Ohenoja, E.; Jokiranta, J.; Mäkinen, T.; Kaikkonen, A.; Airaksinen, M. M. (Jul–Aug 1987). "The occurrence of psilocybin and psilocin in Finnish fungi". Journal of Natural Products. 50 (4): 741–744. doi:10.1021/np50052a030. PMID   3430170. Closed Access logo transparent.svg

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