Red carpet fashion consists of outfits worn on the red carpet at high-profile gala celebrity events such as award ceremonies and film premieres. The clothes worn to award events such as the Oscars and the Golden Globes consistently receive intense worldwide media scrutiny, making their red carpets an international product placement area of great importance to fashion designers. [1] Despite the publicity given to award ceremonies, other red-carpet events such as the Vogue -hosted Met Gala also have a significant impact on the fashion world. [2]
Until the end of the Golden Age of Hollywood in the 1960s and the emergence of New Hollywood, the film industry operated under a studio system, where major studios like MGM, Warner Bros., and Paramount controlled nearly every aspect of movie production, including the public images of their stars. As part of this system, studios employed costume designers who were responsible for creating the wardrobes that actors wore on screen, as well as the outfits they donned for public appearances, including red carpet events.
Prior to the 1990s, many celebrities chose their own red-carpet dresses, with the Oscars being remembered for some extraordinary and eccentric outfit choices, including torn denim, sequinned jumpsuits and even Indian headdresses. [1] For ceremonies such as the Golden Globes, it was rare to see a star dressing up formally until the late 1990s, with many nominees turning up casually dressed. [3] When Halle Berry came to the 2000 ceremony in a glamorous white Valentino dress, it was described as a game-changer which set the standard for Golden Globe red carpet style, and according to Phillip Bloch, her stylist at the time, "began the time when a dress could actually make a career." [3] The increasing dependence on fashion stylists was something that had emerged since the 1990s, leading to criticism that red carpet fashion, particularly at the Oscars, now appears "bland and homogeneous", following a model of "discreetly elegant gowns, softly swept-up hairdos and lots of diamond jewellery". [1] The stylist's role is to try to ensure that the client only receives positive publicity for her appearance and is not featured on 'worst-dressed' lists. [1] [4]
In 2004, The New York Times , asking "Does the glamour of the Golden Globes steal the scene from Oscar?", observed that the wider range of potential nominees of the "younger, hipper" Globes, from television as well as film, offered designers more opportunity to have their work featured on the red carpet. [5] Unlike the Oscars, nominees for the Golden Globes and other events are under less pressure to choose an expensive, one-of-a-kind haute couture gown, which is also easier for the designers who can offer samples from their latest ready-to-wear lines. [5] One of the most widely publicised and talked-about red-carpet gowns was a ready-to-wear green Versace gown worn by Jennifer Lopez to the 42nd Grammy Awards ceremony on February 23, 2000. [6]
Having a dress featured on the red carpet, particularly one that attracts media attention, is very important to a designer, with Carmen Marc Valvo saying in 2000:
A year after Kate Winslet wore one of his dresses to the 2002 Oscars, designer Ben de Lisi said:
This strategy is not without risk, as a designer may invest hard work and time into creating a unique dress (which could cost up to $100,000) for a celebrity, only to have their investment wasted when the star decides at the last moment to wear someone else's dress. [1] [7] Particularly high-profile celebrities are often loaned dresses by several different designers for the ceremony, meaning that the designer often does not know until the night whether his or her dress was chosen to receive the much-desired exposure. [1] [7] In addition, they run the risk of never getting the dress back, rejected or not. [7] The choice for a designer may also be whether to dress one actress for the Oscars, or design an entire ready-to-wear collection. [5]
Fashion commentary often forms a key part of the reportage of red-carpet events, both in dedicated shows such as Live from the Red Carpet and news reports such as those from BBC News. [9] [10] Looks seen on the red carpet are also often featured in television shows on fashion, such as Fashion Police . Until they retired in 2011, Joan Rivers and her daughter Melissa presented televised reviews of red-carpet fashions from various ceremonies including the Academy Awards, the Golden Globes, and the Emmy Awards. [11] [12] In August 2007 Joan Rivers was replaced by Lisa Rinna as the host of TV Guide Network's red carpet coverage. [11]
When the 65th Golden Globe Awards ceremony was cancelled and replaced with a press conference as a result of a writer's strike which also threatened the Oscars, this was also seen as a threat to the fashion industry. [13] [14] [15] Not only were established designers under threat, but the opportunity for up-and-coming designers to achieve widespread recognition through red-carpet exposure of their designs was severely limited. [15] In 2008, a number of events, including the threat of an actor's strike that would have led to cancellation of the 2009 Oscar ceremony, and an upcoming star-studded presidential inauguration had a visible effect on that year's Golden Globes ceremony. [16] Many stars dressed for the Globes in unique couture gowns that they might otherwise have reserved for the Oscars. [16]
Elie Saab is a Lebanese fashion designer.
Michael David Kors is an American fashion designer. He is the chief creative officer of his brand, Michael Kors, which sells men's and women's ready-to-wear, accessories, watches, jewelry, footwear, and fragrance. Kors was the first women's ready-to-wear designer for the French house Celine, from 1997 to 2003. On January 2, 2019, Michael Kors Holdings Limited officially changed its name to Capri Holdings Limited. Michael Kors, Jimmy Choo, and Versace are the three founder-led brands under Capri Holdings Limited.
The Met Gala, formally called the Costume Institute Benefit, is the annual haute couture fundraising festival held for the benefit of the Metropolitan Museum of Art's Costume Institute in Manhattan. The Met Gala is popularly regarded as the world's most prestigious and glamorous fashion event. Fashion stars and models are able to express themselves by their fit according to the theme and social gathering. The event is known as "fashion's biggest night"; an invitation is highly sought after. Personalities who are perceived to be culturally relevant to contemporary society amongst various professional spheres, including fashion, film, television, music, theater, business, sports, social media and politics, are invited to attend the Met Gala, organized by the fashion magazine Vogue. The entry price for one ticket has risen to US$75,000 in 2024, an increase from $50,000 in 2023, to attend the annual gala in the world's principal financial center and fashion capital, New York City.
The swan dress is a dress resembling a mute swan designed by Marjan Pejoski and worn by the Icelandic artist Björk at the 73rd Academy Awards on March 25, 2001, as well as on the cover of her album Vespertine. A Debenhams poll published in The Daily Telegraph in 2008 voted it the ninth-most iconic red carpet dress of all time. Björk's swan dress was reimagined by Valentino at its Spring 2014 Couture fashion show at Paris Fashion Week, which received praise from fashion blogs and social media. In 2019, the dress was featured in the Metropolitan Museum of Art for the exhibition Camp: Notes on Fashion.
Tadashi Shoji is an American-based Japanese fashion designer known for his evening wear and bridal collections, and his red-carpet fashion. The Tadashi Shoji brand is carried in over 700 major department and specialty stores worldwide, with signature boutiques in the United States, Indonesia, and the Middle East. The company operates offices in Los Angeles and Shanghai, as well as showrooms in New York City, Tokyo, and Osaka.
Red carpet fashion in 2000 was largely overshadowed by the revealing green Versace dress worn by Jennifer Lopez for February's Grammy awards, which became one of the most talked-about and widely publicised red-carpet dresses of the year. For the 57th Golden Globe Awards Halle Berry borrowed a glamorous Valentino dress, that was described as setting the standard for Golden Globe red carpet style, and according to Phillip Bloch, her stylist at the time, "began the time when a dress could actually make a career."
Red carpet fashion in 2002 saw January's Golden Globes called "simple and safe", and the Oscars in March described as "conservative" and "a night of fashion blunders". The events of September 11 the previous year had an effect on red carpet style, with many guests at September's Emmys choosing to wear black in remembrance of those who died.
One of the most widely publicised red carpet outfits in 2001 was the distinctive swan dress worn by the singer Björk to the Oscars. The September 11 attacks and outbreak of the War in Afghanistan led to the postponement of the Emmys until November 4, when a subdued ceremony was held, with attendees asked to wear suits. This was the first time that such a request had been made of attendees of a major award ceremony since the 1942 Oscars followed the attack on Pearl Harbor.
Red carpet fashion in 2007 featured beading and metallic themes at the Golden Globe Awards, dresses with a single shoulder strap at the Oscars, and strong colours or black-and-white at the Emmy Awards.
Michael Cinco is a Filipino fashion designer based in Dubai. He launched his eponymous fashion line in 2003.
Red carpet fashion in 2008 was affected by the 2007–2008 Writers Guild of America strike, which led to the cancellation of the Golden Globes that year. The Oscars were dominated by uncontroversial designs in solid colours which led to criticism of "safe" choices, and drew attention to those who dressed more individually, such as Tilda Swinton and Marion Cotillard.
Red carpet fashion in 2009 featured unusually extravagant couture looks at the Golden Globes, asymmetrical one-shouldered gowns in neutral or jewel tones at the Oscars, and bright, relatively understated styles at the Emmys.
Cristina Ehrlich is an American fashion stylist. She has been listed as one of the 25 most powerful stylists by the Hollywood Reporter six times. Ehrlich was named "Celebrity Stylist of the Year" in 2012 at New York Fashion Week's Style Awards, received a Marie Claire Image Maker Award in 2017 and the DIFF Impact In Fashion Award in 2019.
Zanna Roberts Rassi is a British born, New York-based fashion, beauty and entertainment journalist and businesswoman. She is a co-founder of Milk Makeup and currently the Fashion-Editor-at-Large for Marie Claire, E! News fashion correspondent, Today Show fashion contributor, and consults for the American retail chain Target as a fashion stylist, along with brands such as Adidas and Victoria's Secret.
Zaldy Goco, also known mononymously as Zaldy, is a Filipino-American fashion designer. In 1995, he was featured as a model in a British television advertisement for Levi's. Zaldy was named one of Out magazine's Out 100 in 2006. He was the costume designer for Michael Jackson's This Is It concerts, Lady Gaga's Monster Ball Tour, and Britney Spears's Femme Fatale Tour. Zaldy designed the costumes for the Cirque du Soleil shows Michael Jackson: The Immortal World Tour, Michael Jackson: One, and Volta. He was also the head designer for Gwen Stefani's fashion line L.A.M.B. He has received five Emmy nominations, winning in 2017, 2018, and 2019 for Outstanding Costumes for a Variety, Nonfiction, or Reality Programming due to his work on RuPaul's Drag Race.
Jason Bolden is an American entrepreneur, creative director and fashion stylist. Bolden is a co-founder of JSN Studio, along with his husband, interior designer Adair Curtis.
The Chartreuse Dior dress of Nicole Kidman refers to the Chinoiserie chartreuse Dior dress worn by Australian actress Nicole Kidman to the 69th Academy Awards on March 24, 1997. The dress was designed by John Galliano.
Lupita Nyong'o wore a blue dress on March 2, 2014 to the 86th Academy Awards at the Dolby Theatre, at which she won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her performance in 12 Years a Slave (2013). In collaboration with Nyong'o, the gown was designed by Prada and styled by Micaela Erlanger. After the ceremony, the dress garnered critical praise from fashion blogs and publications, being cited on several 'best dressed' lists and considered one of the most significant gowns in Hollywood history.
Angelina Jolie wore a black dress on February 26, 2012, to the 84th Academy Awards at the Hollywood and Highland Center, where she presented the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay. Jolie's gown was styled by Jen Rade and created by Versace, a frequent dresser of Jolie on the red carpet. The strapless velvet piece gained praise from media publications, and is considered one of the most memorable dresses in fashion history. The look also spurred several internet memes surrounding Jolie's posing, and became a significant moment in pop culture.
American actor Billy Porter wore a tuxedo dress in black velvet designed by Christian Siriano on the red carpet of the 91st Academy Awards on February 24, 2019. At the time, Porter had recently come into public view for his breakout role in the FX television series Pose and had been receiving attention for his boundary-pushing red carpet attire during the 2018–19 film awards season. Following his appearance at the 76th Golden Globe Awards in a custom silver suit with fuchsia-lined cape, he was invited to host red carpet interviews at the upcoming Oscars pre-show. Porter approached Siriano and together they conceived the tuxedo gown.