Sakharov Prize

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The Sakharov Prize for Freedom of Thought, commonly known as the Sakharov Prize, is an honorary award for individuals or groups who have dedicated their lives to the defence of human rights and freedom of thought. [1] Named after Russian scientist and dissident Andrei Sakharov, the prize was established in December 1988 by the European Parliament.

Contents

A shortlist of nominees is drawn up annually by the European Parliament's Committee on Foreign Affairs and Committee on Development. The MEPs who make up those committees then select a shortlist in September. [2] Thereafter, the final choice is given to The European Parliament's Conference of Presidents (President and political group's leaders) and the laureate's name is announced late in October. The prize is awarded in a ceremony at the Parliament's Strasbourg hemicycle (round chamber) in December. [3] [2] The prize includes a monetary award of €50,000. [3]

The first prize was awarded jointly to South African Nelson Mandela and Russian Anatoly Marchenko. The 1990 award was given to Aung San Suu Kyi, but she could not receive it until 2013 as a result of her political imprisonment in Burma. [4] The prize has also been awarded to organisations, the first being the Argentine Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo in 1992. Five Sakharov laureates were subsequently awarded the Nobel Peace Prize: Nelson Mandela, Aung San Suu Kyi, Malala Yousafzai, Denis Mukwege and Nadia Murad. [5]

Razan Zaitouneh (2011) was kidnapped in 2013 and is still missing. [6] Nasrin Sotoudeh (2012) was released from prison in September 2013, [7] but is still barred from leaving Iran, along with fellow 2012 laureate Jafar Panahi. [8] The 2017 prize was awarded to the Democratic Opposition in Venezuela, under boycott of the European United Left–Nordic Green Left. [9] [10]

Laureates

Key
Indicates a posthumous award
YearImageRecipientNationalityNotesReference
1988 Nelson Mandela-2008 (edit).jpg Nelson Mandela Flag of South Africa (1928-1982).svg  South Africa Anti-apartheid activist and later first President of South Africa [11]
Anatoly Marchenko Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union Soviet dissident, author, and human rights activist [12]
1989 Dubcek in 1990 (Fortepan 138485).jpg Alexander Dubček Flag of the Czech Republic.svg  Czechoslovakia Slovak politician, attempted to reform the communist regime during the Prague Spring [11]
1990 Remise du Prix Sakharov a Aung San Suu Kyi Strasbourg 22 octobre 2013-18.jpg Aung San Suu Kyi Flag of Myanmar (1974-2010).svg  Burma At the time she received the award, Suu Kyi was an opposition politician and a former General Secretary of the National League for Democracy, known for her peaceful struggle against military rule in Myanmar. She personally accepted the award in 2013, after she was released from 15 years of house arrest. In 2020, the Conference of Presidents of the European Parliament formally suspended Suu Kyi from the Sakharov Prize Community due to her role in the atrocities against the Rohingya people, but did not revoke the prize itself. [13] [14] [15] [16]
1991
-
Adem Demaçi Flag of Yugoslavia (1946-1992).svg  Yugoslavia Kosovo Albanian politician and long-term political prisoner [11]
1992 Madres de Plaza de Mayo (1).jpg Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo Flag of Argentina.svg  Argentina Association of Argentine mothers whose children disappeared during the Dirty War [13]
1993 Oslobodenje (2019-07-27).svg Oslobođenje Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina (1992-1998).svg  Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina Popular newspaper that defended Bosnia and Herzegovina as a multi-ethnic state [13]
1994 Taslima Nasrin par Claude Truong-Ngoc novembre 2013.jpg Taslima Nasrin Flag of Bangladesh.svg  Bangladesh Feminist author and former doctor [13]
1995 Zana (cropped).jpg Leyla Zana Flag of Turkey.svg  Turkey Politician of Kurdish descent from Southeastern Turkey, who was imprisoned for 15 years for being a member of the PKK [11]
1996 Techung with Wei Jingsheng extracted.jpg Wei Jingsheng Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China Activist in the Chinese democracy movement [13]
1997 Salima Ghezali par Claude Truong-Ngoc novembre 2013.jpg Salima Ghezali Flag of Algeria.svg  Algeria Journalist and writer, activist for women's rights, human rights, and democracy in Algeria [13]
1998 Ibrahim Rugova 2004.jpg Ibrahim Rugova Flag of Serbia and Montenegro (1992-2006).svg  FR Yugoslavia Kosovo Albanian politician and first President of Kosovo [11]
1999 Xanana 2011.jpg Xanana Gusmão Flag of East Timor.svg  East Timor Former militant and later first President of East Timor [17]
2000
-
¡Basta Ya! Flag of Spain.svg  Spain Organisation uniting individuals of various political positions against terrorism [18]
2001 Nurit Peled-Elhanan.jpg Nurit Peled-Elhanan Flag of Israel.svg  Israel Peace activist [11]
Izzat Ghazzawi Flag of Palestine.svg  Palestine Writer and professor
Zacarias Kamvenho par Claude Truong-Ngoc novembre 2013.jpg Dom Zacarias Kamwenho Flag of Angola.svg  Angola Archbishop and peace activist
2002 Oswaldo Payá Flag of Cuba.svg  Cuba Political activist and dissident [19]
2003 Kofi Annan 2012 (cropped).jpg Kofi Annan Flag of Ghana.svg  Ghana Nobel Peace Prize recipient and seventh Secretary-General of the United Nations [11]
Flag of the United Nations.svg United Nations International
2004
-
Belarusian Association of Journalists Flag of Belarus.svg  Belarus Non-governmental organisation "aiming to ensure freedom of speech and rights of receiving and distributing information and promoting professional standards of journalism" [20]
2005 Damas de Blanco demonstration in Havana, Cuba.jpg Ladies in White Flag of Cuba.svg  Cuba Opposition movement, relatives of jailed dissidents [21]
Reporters Without Borders.png Reporters Without Borders InternationalFrance-based non-governmental organisation advocating freedom of the press [21]
Hauwa Ibrahim human rights lawyer.jpg Hauwa Ibrahim Flag of Nigeria.svg  Nigeria Human rights lawyer [21]
2006 Alaksandar Milinkevich (cropped).jpg Alaksandar Milinkievič Flag of Belarus.svg  Belarus Politician chosen by United Democratic Forces of Belarus as the joint candidate of the opposition in the 2006 presidential election [22]
2007 Salih Mahmoud Mohamed Osman par Claude Truong-Ngoc novembre 2013.jpg Salih Mahmoud Osman Flag of Sudan.svg  Sudan Human rights lawyer [13]
2008 Hu Jia China Humanright activist.jpeg Hu Jia Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China Activist and dissident [23]
2009
-
Memorial Flag of Russia.svg  Russia International civil rights and historical society [24]
2010 Guillermo Farinas 2014.jpg Guillermo Fariñas Flag of Cuba.svg  Cuba Doctor, journalist, and political dissident [25]
2011 [lower-alpha 1] Asmaa Mahfouz at the European Parliament (cropped).jpg Asmaa Mahfouz Flag of Egypt.svg  Egypt Five representatives of the Arab people, in recognition and support of their drive for freedom and human rights [26]
Ahmed al-Senussi at the European Parliament.jpg Ahmed al-Senussi Flag of Libya (1977-2011).svg  Libya
Razan Zaitouneh.jpg Razan Zaitouneh Flag of Syria.svg  Syria
Ali Ferzat.jpg Ali Farzat
Mohamed Bouazizi Flag of Tunisia.svg  Tunisia
2012 Jafar Panahi, Cines del Sur 2007-1 (cropped).jpg Jafar Panahi Flag of Iran.svg  Iran Iranian activists, Sotoudeh is a lawyer and Panahi is a film director. [27] [28]
Nasrin Sotoudeh.jpg Nasrin Sotoudeh
2013 Shinzo Abe and Malala Yousafzai (1) Cropped.jpg Malala Yousafzai Flag of Pakistan.svg  Pakistan Campaigner for women's rights and education [29]
2014 Denis Mukwege par Claude Truong-Ngoc novembre 2014.jpg Denis Mukwege Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.svg  Democratic Republic of the Congo Gynecologist treating victims of gang rape [30]
2015 Raif Badawi cropped.jpg Raif Badawi Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg  Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabian writer, activist, and the creator of the website Free Saudi Liberals [31] [lower-alpha 2]
2016 Nadia Murad in Washington - 2018 (42733243785) (cropped).jpg Nadia Murad Flag of Iraq.svg  Iraq Yazidi human rights activists and former abductees of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant [32]
Lamija Adschi Baschar.jpeg Lamiya Aji Bashar
2017 Sakharov Walk of Freedom (49198908593) (cropped).jpg Democratic opposition in Venezuela Flag of Venezuela (1930-1954).svg  Venezuela Members of the country's National Assembly and all political prisoners as listed by Foro Penal Venezolano represented by Leopoldo López, Julio Borges, Antonio Ledezma, Daniel Ceballos  [ es ], Yon Goicoechea, Lorent Saleh, Alfredo Ramos  [ es ] and Andrea González. The award was seen as rewarding the "courage of student activists and protesters in face of repression by Nicolas Maduro's government" [33] and boycotted by the European United Left–Nordic Green Left parliamentary group. [10] [34]
2018 Sakharov Prize 2018 laureate Oleg Sentsov receives his award (49127359156) cropped.jpg Oleg Sentsov Flag of Ukraine.svg  Ukraine Film director, symbol of the struggle for the release of political prisoners held in Russia and around the world [35]
2019 Professor Ilham Tohti.jpg Ilham Tohti Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China Uyghur economist, scholar, and human rights activist [36]
2020 Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya, 2020.jpg Democratic opposition in Belarus Flag of Belarus.svg  Belarus Democratic opposition of Belarus represented by the Coordination Council, an initiative of Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya, Svetlana Alexievich, Maria Kalesnikava, Volha Kavalkova and Veranika Tsapkala, and political and civil society figures - Siarhei Tsikhanouski, Ales Bialiatski, Sergei Dylevsky, Stsiapan Putsila and Mikola Statkevich. [37] [lower-alpha 3] [lower-alpha 4]
2021 Alexey Navalny (cropped) 2.jpg Alexei Navalny Flag of Russia.svg  Russia Opposition politician and anti-corruption activist [39]
2022 Meeting the 2022 Sakharov Prize Laureates - 52567134075.jpg The Ukrainian people Flag of Ukraine.svg  Ukraine Awarded to Ukrainians who are "protecting democracy, freedom and rule of law" following the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. [40] [41]
2023 Solidarity with the people of Iran (52394248943).jpg Mahsa Jina Amini Flag of Iran.svg  Iran Mahsa Amini's death under suspicious circumstances led to widespread protests, often under the slogan Woman, Life, Freedom. [42] [42]
Iran Freedom Protest and Ukraine Protest, November 12, 2022, Ottawa Canada.jpg Woman, Life, Freedom movement

Table notes

  1. The laureates were advocates of the Arab Spring
  2. Badawi founded and ran two online forums for discussions on religion and politics in his conservative country, namely Saudi Liberals and Free Saudi Liberals
  3. One of them is Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya, the human rights activist and politician who participated in the 2020 presidential election as the main opposition candidate
  4. Due to infection control measures taken because of the COVID-19 pandemic, a number of events related to the Sakharov Community were postponed in 2020, including the Sakharov Fellowship, One World in Brussels and the European Youth Event. [38]

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