Samolus

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Samolus
Samolus valerandi ssp parviflorus.jpg
S. valerandi close-up of flower
Samolus parviflorus (SPb).jpg
S. valerandi
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Ericales
Family: Primulaceae
Subfamily: Theophrastoideae
Tribe: Samoleae
Rchb.
Genus: Samolus
L.
Type species
Samolus valerandi L.

Samolus (known as brookweed, or water pimpernel) is a widely distributed genus of about a dozen species of water-loving herbs and amphibious flowering plants. According to the APG III system of classification, the genus falls within the primrose family, Primulaceae, under the order containing the rhododendroid eudicots, Ericales. It was considered closely related to a clade comprising the Theophrastaceae, [1] and was likewise treated as part of that family (or its own monogeneric family, the Samolaceae). The APG III system does not recognize these families, instead classifying all former Theophrastaceae genera within the family Primulaceae.

Contents

Species

The last complete taxonomic treatment of this genus recognizes the following species: [2] [3]

Although some local floras recognize the North-American populations of S. valerandi as a separate species (S. parviflorus) or subspecies (S. valerandi ssp. parviflorus), [4] molecular and morphological data indicate that S. vagans and S. parviflorus should not be regarded as separate species but as part of a widespread "S. valerandi species complex. [5]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ericales</span> Order of eudicot flowering plants

The Ericales are a large and diverse order of dicotyledons. Species in this order have considerable commercial importance including for tea, persimmon, blueberry, kiwifruit, Brazil nuts, argan, and azalea. The order includes trees, bushes, lianas, and herbaceous plants. Together with ordinary autophytic plants, the Ericales include chlorophyll-deficient mycoheterotrophic plants and carnivorous plants.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Primulales</span>

Primulales was an order of flowering plants. This order was recognized in several systems with little variation in circumscription. In the classification system of Dahlgren the Primulales were in the superorder Primuliflorae. In the 1981 version of the Cronquist system it was an order placed in subclass Dilleniidae with the following circumscription:

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Actinidiaceae</span> Family of flowering plants

The Actinidiaceae are a small family of flowering plants. The family has three genera and about 360 species and is a member of the order Ericales.

<i>Anagallis arvensis</i> Species of flowering plant in the primrose family

Anagallis arvensis, commonly known as the scarlet pimpernel, red pimpernel, red chickweed, poor man's barometer, poor man's weather-glass, shepherd's weather glass or shepherd's clock, is a species of low-growing annual plant with brightly coloured flowers, most often scarlet but also bright blue and sometimes pink. The native range of the species is Europe and Western Asia and North Africa. The species has been distributed widely by humans, either deliberately as an ornamental flower or accidentally. A. arvensis is now naturalised almost worldwide, with a range that encompasses the Americas, Central and East Asia, the Indian Subcontinent, Malesia, the Pacific Islands, Australasia and Southern Africa.

<i>Gunnera</i> Genus of flowering plants in the family Gunneraceae

Gunnera is the sole genus of herbaceous flowering plants in the family Gunneraceae, which contains 63 species. Some species in this genus, namely those in the subgenus Panke, have extremely large leaves. Species in the genus are variously native to Latin America, Australia, New Zealand, Papuasia, Hawaii, insular Southeast Asia, Africa, and Madagascar. The stalks of some species are edible.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Primulaceae</span> Family of flowering plants that includes the primroses

The Primulaceae, commonly known as the primrose family, are a family of herbaceous and woody flowering plants including some favourite garden plants and wildflowers. Most are perennial though some species, such as scarlet pimpernel, are annuals.

<i>Lysimachia</i> Genus of flowering plants in the family Primulaceae

Lysimachia is a genus consisting of 182 accepted species of flowering plants traditionally classified in the family Primulaceae. Based on a molecular phylogenetic study it was transferred to the family Myrsinaceae, before this family was later merged into the Primulaceae.

<i>Anagallis</i> Genus of flowering plants

Anagallis is a genus of about 20–25 species of flowering plants in the family Primulaceae, commonly called pimpernel. The scarlet pimpernel referred to in literature is part of this genus. The botanical name is from the Greek ana and agállein, and it refers to the opening and closing of the flowers in response to environmental conditions.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Myrsinoideae</span> Subfamily of plants, including Cyclamen

Myrsinoideae is a subfamily of the family Primulaceae in the order Ericales. It was formerly recognized as the family Myrsinaceae, or the myrsine family, consisting of 35 genera and about 1000 species. It is widespread in temperate to tropical climates extending north to Europe, Siberia, Japan, Mexico, and Florida, and south to New Zealand, South America, and South Africa.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Clethraceae</span> Family of flowering plants

The Clethraceae are a small family of flowering plants in the order Ericales, composed of two genera, Clethra and Purdiaea, with approximately 75 species. They are native to warm temperate to tropical regions of Asia and the Americas, with one species also on Madeira.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Diapensiaceae</span> Family of flowering plants

Diapensiaceae is a small family of flowering plants, which includes 15 species in 6 genera. The genera include Berneuxia Decne., Diapensia L., Galax Sims, Pyxidanthera Michx., Shortia Torr. & A.Gray, and Schizocodon Siebold & Zucc.. Members of this family have little economic importance; however, some members are cultivated by florists.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cyrillaceae</span> Family of flowering plants

The Cyrillaceae are a small family of flowering plants in the order Ericales, native to warm temperate to tropical regions of the Americas. The family comprises two genera, Cliftonia and Cyrilla, each containing a single species, Cliftonia monophylla and Cyrilla racemiflora. However, additional species of Cyrilla are now often recognized and the genus is in need of taxonomic revision.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Theophrastoideae</span> Subfamily of flowering plant family Primulaceae

Theophrastoideae is a small subfamily of flowering plants in the family Primulaceae. It was formerly recognized as a separate family Theophrastaceae. As previously circumscribed, the family consisted of eight genera and 95 species of trees or shrubs, native to tropical regions of the Americas.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sladeniaceae</span> Family of flowering plants

Sladeniaceae is a family of flowering plants containing tree species found in subtropical to tropical environments in East Africa (Ficalhoa), Burma, Yunnan, and Thailand (Sladenia). The family consists of trees with alternate, simple leaves without stipules, and flowers arranged in cymose inflorescences.

<i>Samolus valerandi</i> Species of flowering plant in the family Primulaceae

Samolus valerandi is a species of semi-aquatic flowering plant in the primrose family, Primulaceae. Common names include seaside brookweed, brookweed, thin-leaf brookweed, water cabbage and water rose.

<i>Lysimachia vulgaris</i> Species of flowering plant in the primrose family Primulaceae

Lysimachia vulgaris, the yellow loosestrife or garden loosestrife, is a species of herbaceous perennial flowering plant in the family Primulaceae. It was transferred to Myrsinoideae based on results of molecular phylogenetic research before being merged into the Primulaceae.

<i>Samolus repens</i> Species of flowering plant

Samolus repens is a species of water pimpernel native to Australia, New Zealand and near-by Pacific islands, and South America, where it is common in temperate and subtropic coastlines. Common names include creeping brookweed and creeping bushweed. Samolus repens has small white or occasionally pink flowers with a flowering period from September through to March or April.

<i>Anagallis tenella</i> Species of flowering plant

Anagallis tenella, known in Britain as the bog pimpernel, is a low growing perennial plant found in a variety of damp habitats from calcareous dune slacks to boggy and peaty heaths in Eurasia. In the United Kingdom it is mostly restricted to the western half of the country, although it was more common in the east before land drainage and intensification of farming in that area.

<i>Samolus ebracteatus</i> Species of flowering plant

Samolus ebracteatus, the limewater brookweed, is a plant species known to Mexico, Central America, the West Indies, and to the United States. It is found in wetlands, including seashore salt marshes, and near springs and intermittent rivers in desert areas.

References

  1. Caris PL, Smets EF (2004). "A floral ontogenetic study on the sister group relationship between the genus Samolus (Primulaceae) and the Theophrastaceae". American Journal of Botany . 91 (5): 627–643. doi: 10.3732/ajb.91.5.627 . PMID   21653418.
  2. Crusio WE (20 February 1982). "Het geslacht Samolus L". Communications of the Dutch Waterplant Society (in Dutch). 2: 13–25.
  3. Crusio WE (26 May 1984). "Notes on the genus Samolus L. (Primulaceae)". Communications of the Dutch Waterplant Society. 6: 13–16.
  4. "Samolus". Flora of North America. eFloras.org. Retrieved 2018-02-01.
  5. Jones, K.; Anderberg, A. A.; Ronse De Craene, L. P.; Wanntorp, L. (23 June 2012). "Origin, diversification, and evolution of Samolus valerandi (Samolaceae, Ericales)". Plant Systematics and Evolution. 298 (8): 1523–1531. Bibcode:2012PSyEv.298.1523J. doi:10.1007/s00606-012-0655-z.

Bibliography