Scorzonera

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Scorzonera
Scorzonera purpurea rosea0.jpg
Scorzonera purpurea
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Asterales
Family: Asteraceae
Subfamily: Cichorioideae
Tribe: Cichorieae
Subtribe: Scorzonerinae
Genus: Scorzonera
L.
Synonyms [1]
List
  • AchyroserisSch.Bip.
  • ArachnospermumF.W.Schmidt
  • AvellaraBlanca & C.Díaz
  • FleischeriaHochst. & Steud. ex Boiss.
  • PodospermumDC.
  • YildirimliaKılıç
Scorzonera humilis Scorzonera humilis.jpg
Scorzonera humilis

Scorzonera is a genus of flowering plants in the tribe Cichorieae within the family Asteraceae. [2] [3]

Contents

Species of the genus are found in Europe, Asia, [3] and Africa. [4] Its center of diversity is in the Mediterranean. [5]

Scorzonera is recorded as a food plant for the larva of the nutmeg, a species of moth.[ citation needed ]

Species

The following species are recognised in the genus Scorzonera: [1]

Etymology

The name of the genus (Scorzonera) has an uncertain etymology; it may derive from multiple roots such as Old French "scorzon", Italian "scorsone", and Spanish "escorzonera", meaning “black rind”; but also viper, perhaps from the use of its roots as an antidote to snake bites, [6] or from the Catalan "escurçonera", derived from "escurçó", i.e. viper. [7]

Secondary metabolites

Some Scorzonera species contain lactones, including members of the guaianolide class of sesquiterpene lactones. [8] Flavonoids found in Scorzonera include apigenin, kaempferol, luteolin, and quercetin. [9] Other secondary metabolites reported from the genus include caffeoylquinic acids, coumarins, lignans, stilbenoids, and triterpenoids. [10] One unique class of stilbenoid derivative was first isolated from Scorzonera humilis . They were named the tyrolobibenzyls after Tyrol in the eastern Alps, where the plant was collected. [11]

References

  1. 1 2 "Scorzonera L. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 2023-09-26.
  2. ↑ Bremer, K. (1994). Asteraceae: Cladistics and Classification. Timber Press, Portland. ISBN   978-0-88192-275-2.
  3. 1 2 Scorzonera. Flora of North America.
  4. ↑ Duran, A. and E. Hamzaoglu. (2004). A new species of Scorzonera (Asteraceae) from South Anatolia, Turkey. Biologia-Bratislava 59(1), 47-50.
  5. ↑ Karaer, F. and F. Celep. (2007). Rediscovery of Scorzonera amasiana Hausskn. and Bornm. – A threatened endemic species in Turkey. Bangladesh Journal of Botany 36(2), 139-44.
  6. ↑ "Botanical names". Calflora. Retrieved 6 January 2013.
  7. ↑ Morricone, Achille; Pedicino, Vincenzo (1986). Dizionario dietetico degli alimenti. Milano: A. Vallardi. p. 766.
  8. ↑ Zidorn, C. (2010). "Sesquiterpene lactones and their precursors as chemosystematic markers in the tribe Cichorieae of the Asteraceae". Phytochemistry. 69 (12): 2270–96. doi:10.1016/j.phytochem.2008.06.013. ISSN   0031-9422. PMID   18715600.
  9. ↑ Sareedenchai, V.; C. Zidorn (2010). "Flavonoids as chemosystematic markers in the tribe Cichorieae of the Asteraceae". Biochemical Systematics and Ecology. 38 (5): 935–57. Bibcode:2010BioSE..38..935S. doi:10.1016/j.bse.2009.09.006. ISSN   0305-1978.
  10. ↑ Jehle, M.; et al. (2010). "Natural products from Scorzonera aristata (Asteraceae)". Natural Product Communications. 5 (5): 725–27. doi: 10.1177/1934578X1000500510 . ISSN   1934-578X. PMID   20521536.
  11. ↑ Zidorn, C.; et al. (2000). "Tyrolobibenzyls ‒ Novel secondary metabolites from Scorzonera humilis". Helvetica Chimica Acta. 83 (11): 2920–25. doi:10.1002/1522-2675(20001108)83:11<2920::AID-HLCA2920>3.0.CO;2-5. ISSN   0018-019X.
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