The Democratic Action Party is a centre-left social democratic political party in Malaysia. As one of four component parties of the Pakatan Harapan (PH) coalition, it formed the federal government after defeating Barisan Nasional (BN) in the 2018 Malaysian general election, ending the party's 53 year-long stay in the opposition. However, before the coalition finished its first term, defections from partnering parties caused it to lose power after 22 months, culminating in the 2020 Malaysian political crisis. At the 2022 Malaysian general election, the PH coalition which the DAP was part of was returned to power again, albeit without a majority, leading it to form a unity government with political rivals.
Wan Azizah binti Wan Ismail is a Malaysian politician who has served as Spouse of the Prime Minister of Malaysia as the wife of Anwar Ibrahim, Member of Parliament (MP) for Bandar Tun Razak since November 2022 and 1st President of the Pakatan Harapan (PH) coalition since July 2017. She served as the 12th Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Women, Family and Community Development in the PH administration under former Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad from May 2018 to the collapse of the PH administration in February 2020, 1st President of the People's Justice Party (PKR) from April 1999 to November 2018, the 11th and 13th Leader of the Opposition from March 2008 to August 2008 and again from May 2015 to May 2018, MP for Pandan from May 2018 to November 2022, for Permatang Pauh from November 1999 to March 2008 and again from May 2015 to May 2018 as well as Member of the Selangor State Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Kajang from April 2014 to May 2018. She was the first female Deputy Prime Minister and Leader of the Opposition as well as the highest ever female political officeholder in the history of Malaysia. She joined politics and held a number of political offices on behalf of her husband Anwar to retain his political influence during his absence from politics due to a series of his sodomy trials and prison sentences that had prevented him from holding the offices. She most notably served as the 1st President of PKR from the party formation to officially handing over the party leadership to Anwar after his release from prison while Anwar served as the "de facto" leader during the period.
Elections in Malaysia include elections to public office of the political entities that since 1963 have composed the federation of Malaysia. At present, elections in Malaysia exist at two levels: federal level and state level. Federal level elections are those for membership in the Dewan Rakyat, the lower house of Parliament, while state level elections are for membership in the various State Legislative Assemblies. The heads of executive branch at both the federal and state levels, the Prime Minister and Menteri Besar/Chief Ministers respectively, are usually indirectly elected, filled by a member of the majority party/coalition in the respective legislatures.
The chief minister of Penang is the head of government in the Malaysian state of Penang. According to convention, the chief minister is the leader of the majority party or largest coalition party of the Penang State Legislative Assembly. The chief minister's official residence is Seri Teratai in the capital city of George Town.
Sivakumar s/o Varatharaju Naidu, better known as V. Sivakumar, is a Malaysian politician who has served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Batu Gajah since May 2013. He served as the Minister of Human Resources in the Unity Government administration under Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim from December 2022 to December 2023 and Member of the Perak State Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Tronoh from March 2008 to May 2013. He also served as Speaker of the assembly from April 2008 to May 2009. He is a member of the Democratic Action Party (DAP), a component party of the Pakatan Harapan (PH) and formerly Pakatan Rakyat (PR) opposition coalitions. He has also served as the Deputy Secretary-General of DAP since November 2017. He was also the sole Cabinet minister of the Indian ethnicity prior to the 2023 cabinet reshuffle.
The 12th Malaysian Parliament is the last meeting of the legislative branch of the government of Malaysia, the Parliament, comprising the directly elected lower house, the Dewan Rakyat, and the appointed upper house, the Dewan Negara. It met for the first time at the Malaysian Houses of Parliament on 28 April 2008 and met for the last time on 29 November 2012. The King then dissolved the Parliament on 3 April 2013. The dissolution was announced by the Prime Minister Najib Razak after it consented by the King.
The Government of Penang refers to the government authority of the Malaysian state of Penang. The state government adheres to and is created by both the Constitution of Malaysia, the supreme law of Malaysia, and the Constitution of the State of Penang, the supreme law in Penang. The government of Penang is based in the state's capital city of George Town.
The 2009 Perak constitutional crisis was a political dispute in Malaysia over the legitimacy of the Perak state government formed in February 2009. It began when three Pakatan Rakyat state legislators defected, causing a collapse of the state government. The Sultan of Perak then refused First Minister Mohammad Nizar Jamaluddin's request to dissolve the state assembly and call elections. Instead, the Barisan Nasional (BN), with support from the three defecting assemblymen, formed the new state government.
Ramkarpal Singh s/o Karpal Singh commonly referred to as Ramkarpal Singh, is a Malaysian politician and lawyer who has served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Bukit Gelugor since May 2014. He served as the Deputy Minister in the Prime Minister's Department in charge of Law and Institutional Reforms in the Unity Government administration under Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim and Minister Azalina Othman Said from December 2022 to his resignation in December 2023 and Chairman of the Consideration of Bills Select Committee from July 2019 to 2020. He is a member of Democratic Action Party (DAP), a component party of the PH coalition. He is the son of Karpal Singh and younger brother of Gobind Singh Deo, the Minister of Digital and the MP for Damansara as well as Jagdeep Singh Deo, the Deputy Chief Minister of Penang II and Member of the Penang State Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Datok Keramat.
Sanisvara Nethaji Rayer s/o Rajaji Rayer(Tamil: ஆர். எஸ். என். ராயர்) is a Malaysian politician and lawyer who has served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Jelutong since May 2018. He served as Member of the Penang State Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Seri Delima from March 2008 to May 2018. He is a member of the Democratic Action Party (DAP), a component party of the Pakatan Harapan (PH) and formerly Pakatan Rakyat (PR) coalitions.He currently serves as the Chairman of the Penang Hindu Endowments Board.
Dato' Seri Law Choo Kiang is a Malaysian politician who has served as 9th Speaker of the Penang State Legislative Assembly since June 2013. He served as Member of the Penang State Executive Council (EXCO) in the Pakatan Rakyat (PR) and Pakatan Harapan (PH) state administrations under former Chief Minister Lim Guan Eng from March 2008 to May 2013 and Member of the Penang State Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Bukit Tambun from March 2008 to May 2018. He is a member and State Advisor of Penang of the People's Justice Party (PKR), a component party of the PH and formerly PR coalitions. As of 2024, he is also the second longest-serving Speaker of the Penang Assembly after Yahaya Abdul Hamid who served from 1995 to 2008 for 13 years.
Dr. Afif bin Bahardin is a Malaysian politician who has served as Member of the Selangor State Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Taman Medan since August 2023. He served as Member of the Penang State Executive Council (EXCO) in the Pakatan Rakyat (PR) and Pakatan Harapan (PH) state administrations under Chief Ministers Lim Guan Eng and Chow Kon Yeow from May 2013 to his resignation in March 2020 as well as Member of the Penang State Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Seberang Jaya from May 2013 to March 2023. He is a member of the Malaysian United Indigenous Party (BERSATU), a component party of the Perikatan Nasional (PN) coalition and was a member of the People's Justice Party (PKR), a component party of the PH coalition. He has also served as Member of the Supreme Council of BERSATU since January 2024 and is the State Secretary of PN of Selangor. He also served as the Deputy Youth Chief of PKR from August 2014 to November 2018 and Deputy Division Chief of PKR of Permatang Pauh.
The Alliance of Hope is a Malaysian political coalition consisting of centre-left political parties which was formed in 2015 to succeed the Pakatan Rakyat coalition. It has lead a grand coalition government since November 2022, having previously led a single-coalition government from May 2018 to February 2020.
Mohd Rashid bin Hasnon is a Malaysian politician who served as Deputy Speaker of the Dewan Rakyat I under former Speakers Mohamad Ariff Md Yusof and Azhar Azizan Harun from July 2018 to December 2022, Member of Parliament (MP) for Batu Pahat from May 2018 to November 2022, Deputy Chief Minister of Penang I, Member of the Penang State Executive Council (EXCO) under former Chief Minister Lim Guan Eng and Member of the Penang State Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Pantai Jerejak from May 2013 to May 2018. He is a member of the Malaysian United Indigenous Party (BERSATU), a component party of the Perikatan Nasional (PN) coalition and was a member of People's Justice Party (PKR), a component party of the Pakatan Harapan (PH) coalition.
The 12th Penang election was held on 8 March 2008. Polling took place in 40 constituencies throughout the State of Penang, with each electing a State Assemblyman to the Penang State Legislative Assembly. The election was conducted by the Malaysian Election Commission.
The 13th Penang election was held on 5 May 2013. Polling took place in 40 constituencies throughout the State of Penang, with each electing a State Assemblyman to the Penang State Legislative Assembly. The election was conducted by the Malaysian Election Commission.
The Speaker of the Selangor State Legislative Assembly is the highest-ranking presiding officer in the Selangor State Legislative Assembly, the unicameral legislature of the Malaysian state of Selangor. They are responsible for convening sessions of the Selangor State Legislative Assembly, organising debates, and examining the admissibility of petitions, bills, and amendments. In the absence of the Speaker, the deputy will take their place.
Azrul Mahathir bin Aziz is a Malaysian politician who has served as the Deputy Speaker of the Penang State Legislative Assembly since August 2023 and Member of the Penang State Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Bayan Lepas since May 2018. He is a member of the National Trust Party (AMANAH), a component party of the Pakatan Harapan (PH) coalition and was a member of the Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS), a component party of the Pakatan Rakyat (PR) coalition. He has also served as the State Vice Chairman of AMANAH of Penang since October 2022 and served as the founding State Vice Youth Chief of AMANAH of Penang from 2015 to his promotion to the state vice chairmanship in October 2022. He is also presently the only AMANAH Penang MLA.
The Speaker of the Terengganu State Legislative Assembly is the highest-ranking presiding officer in the Terengganu State Legislative Assembly, the unicameral legislature of the Malaysian state of Terengganu. They are responsible for convening sessions of the state's legislative body, organising debates, and examining the admissibility of petitions, bills and amendments. In the absence of the Speaker, the deputy will take their place. The speaker is selected through ballot in the first session of a new legislative assembly.
The Speaker of the Malacca State Legislative Assembly is the highest-ranking presiding officer in the Malacca State Legislative Assembly, the unicameral legislature of the Malaysian state of Malacca. They are responsible for convening sessions of the state's legislative body, organising debates, and examining the admissibility of petitions, bills and amendments. In the absence of the Speaker, the deputy will take their place. The speaker is selected through ballot in the first session of a new legislative assembly.
