Standard Gibbs free energy of formation

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The standard Gibbs free energy of formation (Gf°) of a compound is the change of Gibbs free energy that accompanies the formation of 1 mole of a substance in its standard state from its constituent elements in their standard states (the most stable form of the element at 1 bar of pressure and the specified temperature, usually 298.15 K or 25 °C).

Contents

The table below lists the standard Gibbs function of formation for several elements and chemical compounds and is taken from Lange's Handbook of Chemistry. Note that all values are in kJ/mol. Far more extensive tables can be found in the CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics and the NIST JANAF tables. [1] The NIST Chemistry WebBook (see link below) is an online resource that contains standard enthalpy of formation for various compounds along with the standard absolute entropy for these compounds from which the standard Gibbs free energy of formation can be calculated.

SpeciesPhase (matter)Chemical formulaΔGf° (kJ/mol)
Aluminum
Aluminum SolidAl0
Aluminum chloride SolidAlCl3−628.9
Aluminum oxide SolidAl2O3−1582.3
Barium
Barium SolidBa0
Barium chloride SolidBaCl2−806.7
Barium carbonate SolidBaCO3−1134.4
Barium oxide SolidBaO−520.4
Barium sulfate SolidBaSO4−1362.2
Beryllium
Beryllium SolidBe0
Beryllium hydroxide SolidBe(OH)2−815.0
Boron
Boron trichloride SolidBCl3−388.7
Bromine
Bromine LiquidBr20
Bromine trifluoride GasBrF3−229.4
Hydrobromic acid GasHBr−53.4
Calcium
Calcium SolidCa0
Calcium carbide SolidCaC2−64.9
Calcium carbonate (Calcite)SolidCaCO3−1129.1
Calcium chloride SolidCaCl2−748.8
Calcium chloride AqueousCaCl2−816.05
Calcium hydride SolidCaH2−142.5
Calcium hydroxide SolidCa(OH)2−897.5
Calcium oxide SolidCaO−603.3
Calcium sulfate SolidCaSO4−1309.1
Calcium sulfide SolidCaS−477.4
Carbon
Carbon (graphite)SolidC0
Carbon (diamond)SolidC2.900
Carbon dioxide GasCO2−394.39
Carbonic acid AqueousH2CO3−623.1
Bicarbonate AqueousHCO3−−586.85
Carbonate ion AqueousCO32−−527.8
Carbon disulfide GasCS267.1
Carbon monoxide GasCO−137.16
Glucose SolidC6H12O6−910.56
Ethanol LiquidC2H5OH−174.8
Carbonyl chloride (phosgene)GasCOCl2−204.9
Caesium
Caesium SolidCs0
Caesium chloride SolidCsCl−414.4
Chlorine
Chlorine GasCl20
Chromium
Chromium SolidCr0
Copper
Copper SolidCu0
Copper(I) sulfide SolidCu2S−86.2
Fluorine
Fluorine GasF20
Hydrogen
Hydrogen GasH20
Water LiquidH2O−237.14
Water GasH2O−228.61
Hydrogen peroxide LiquidH2O2−120.42
Hydrogen cyanide GasHCN+124.7
Hydrogen iodide GasHI+1.3
Hydrogen fluoride GasHF−275.4
Hydrogen chloride GasHCl−95.30
Iodine
Iodine SolidI20
Iodine GasI219.37
Iron
Lead
Lithium
Magnesium
Magnesium carbonate SolidMgCO3−1012.1
Magnesium chloride SolidMgCl2−591.8
Magnesium hydroxide SolidMg(OH)2−833.7
Magnesium hydroxide AqueousMg(OH)2−769.4
Magnesium oxide SolidMgO−596.3
Magnesium sulfate SolidMgSO4−1170.6
Manganese
Manganese(II) oxide SolidMnO−362.9
Manganese(IV) oxide SolidMnO2−465.2
Mercury
Mercury(II) oxide (red)SolidHgO−58.49
Mercury sulfide (red, cinnabar)SolidHgS−50.6
Nickel
Nitrogen
Ammonia AqueousNH3−26.57
Ammonia GasNH3−16.4
Ammonium chloride SolidNH4Cl−203.89
Nitrogen dioxide GasNO251.3
Nitrogen monoxide GasNO87.60
Oxygen
Monatomic oxygen GasO231.7
Dioxygen GasO20
Ozone GasO3163.2
Hydroxide AqueousOH−−157.2
Phosphorus
Phosphorus trichloride LiquidPCl3−272.4
Potassium
Potassium bromide SolidKBr−380.7
Potassium chlorate SolidKClO3−296.31
Potassium chloride SolidKCl−408.5
Potassium fluoride SolidKF−537.8
Potassium perchlorate SolidKClO4−303.1
Silicon
Silica (quartz)SolidSiO2−856.4
Silver
Silver bromide SolidAgBr−96.90
Silver chloride SolidAgCl−109.8
Silver iodide SolidAgI−66.19
Silver oxide SolidAg2O−11.21
Silver sulfide SolidAg2S−40.67
Sodium
Sodium carbonate SolidNa2CO3−1044.4
Sodium carbonate AqueousNa2CO3−1051.6
Sodium chloride AqueousNaCl−393.17
Sodium chloride SolidNaCl−384.1
Sodium fluoride SolidNaF−546.3
Sodium hydroxide AqueousNaOH−419.2
Sodium hydroxide SolidNaOH−379.4
Sodium nitrate AqueousNaNO3−373.21
Sodium nitrate SolidNaNO3−367.06
Sulfur
Hydrogen sulfide GasH2S−33.4
Sulfur dioxide GasSO2−300.13
Sulfur trioxide GasSO3−370.4
Sulfuric acid LiquidH2SO4−689.9
Tin
Titanium
Zinc

See also

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References

  1. ↑ M. W. Chase, NIST – JANAF Thermochemical Tables, 4th Edition, Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data, Monograph 9, 1998.
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