Symphyotrichum puniceum | |
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In Beaver County, Pennsylvania | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Eudicots |
Clade: | Asterids |
Order: | Asterales |
Family: | Asteraceae |
Tribe: | Astereae |
Subtribe: | Symphyotrichinae |
Genus: | Symphyotrichum |
Subgenus: | Symphyotrichum subg. Symphyotrichum |
Section: | Symphyotrichum sect. Symphyotrichum |
Species: | S. puniceum |
Binomial name | |
Symphyotrichum puniceum | |
Varieties [2] | |
Native distribution [2] | |
Synonyms [2] | |
Basionym
Alphabetical list
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Symphyotrichum puniceum (formerly Aster puniceus), is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae native to eastern North America. It is commonly known as purplestem aster, [3] red-stalk aster, [4] red-stemmed aster, [5] red-stem aster, and swamp aster. [6] It also has been called early purple aster, cocash, swanweed, and meadow scabish. [7]
Its range extends from the edges of the Great Plains to the Atlantic coast, and from the Gulf coast of Texas north to southern Ungava Bay in the north of Quebec. [3] It is adventive in Europe. [2]
Symphyotrichum puniceum produces flowers between August and October. The ray florets range from dark blue or purple to white (rarely). The disc florets are yellow to cream-colored, becoming pink or purple with maturity. [8]
Symphyotrichum puniceum is a variable species, and many forms have been named. [9] As of July 2021 [update] , Plants of the World Online (POWO) accepts one variety in addition to the autonym. [2] S. puniceum var. scabricaule(Shinners) G.L.Nesom occurs in the southern United States from Texas to Alabama. [10] The autonym, S. puniceum var. puniceum, occurs in most of the eastern United States and southern Canada. [11]
The species Symphyotrichum firmum is sometimes considered a variety of S. puniceum, but POWO and Flora of North America treat them as distinct species. [2] [8] In 1999, Calvin College botanists David P. Warners and Daniel C. Laughlin gave evidence that they should be considered two distinct species. [12] Compared to S. firmum, Symphyotrichum puniceum is typically hairier, with purpler flowers, and does not form dense colonies but rather small clusters or scattered individuals. [13]
Hybrids between this species and Symphyotrichum boreale have been recorded and are called Symphyotrichum × longulum. [14]
As of July 2021 [update] , NatureServe listed Symphyotrichum puniceum as Secure (G5) worldwide and Critically Imperiled (S1) in Mississippi. [1] It listed S. puniceum var. puniceum as Vulnerable (S3) in Kentucky, [15] and S. puniceum var. scabricaule as overall an Imperiled Variety (T2) and Critically Imperiled (S1) in Texas. [16]
Symphyotrichum puniceum has been used for medicinal purposes among indigenous people in North America. It has been documented that the Chippewa have smoked the root with tobacco to attract game. [17] Multiple uses have been reported for the Woodland Cree, including as an aid for tooth pain [18] and for healing a woman after childbirth. [19] The Iroquois have used the roots for healing of various ailments including colds, [20] fevers, [21] pneumonia, [22] typhoid, [23] and tuberculosis. [24]
Symphyotrichum ericoides, known as white heath aster, frost aster, or heath aster, is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae native to much of central and eastern North America. It has been introduced to parts of Europe and western Asia.
Symphyotrichum laeve is a flowering plant native to Canada, the United States, and Coahuila (Mexico). It has the common names of smooth blue aster, smooth aster, smooth-leaved aster, glaucous Michaelmas-daisy and glaucous aster.
Symphyotrichum falcatum is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. Commonly called white prairie aster and western heath aster, it is native to a widespread area of central and western North America.
Symphyotrichum shortii, commonly called Short's aster, is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. It is native to North America, where it is primarily found in interior areas east of the Mississippi River. Its natural habitat is in thin rocky soils of woodlands and thickets often around limestone bluffs. It is common throughout much of its range, although it is generally restricted to intact natural communities.
Symphyotrichum firmum, commonly known as shining aster, shiny-leaved aster, smooth swamp aster, and glossy-leaved aster, is a species of flowering plant in the daisy family Asteraceae native to Canada and the United States.
Symphyotrichum urophyllum is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae native to eastern North America, commonly known as arrowleaf aster.
Symphyotrichum robynsianum is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae native to northeastern North America. Common names include Robyn's aster and long-leaved aster.
Symphyotrichum drummondii is a species of flowering plant of the family Asteraceae native to the central and eastern United States. Commonly known as Drummond's aster, it is a perennial, herbaceous plant that may reach 120 centimeters in height.
Symphyotrichum ciliatus is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae native to North America and eastern Eurasia. Commonly known as rayless annual aster and rayless alkali aster, it is an annual, herbaceous plant that may reach over 70 centimeters tall. Each flower head has many whitish then pink disk florets and no ray florets ("rayless").
Symphyotrichum tenuifolium is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae and is commonly known as perennial saltmarsh aster. It is a perennial and herbaceous plant native to the eastern United States and the West Indies. There is one variety, S. tenuifolium var. aphyllum in addition to the autonym S. tenuifolium var. tenuifolium.
Symphyotrichum porteri is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae endemic to the foothills of the Rocky Mountains in the U.S. states of Wyoming, Colorado, and New Mexico. Commonly known as Porter's aster, it is a perennial, herbaceous plant that may reach 10 to 50 centimeters tall. Its flowers have white, rarely pinkish, ray florets and yellow, becoming pink then brown, disk florets. S. porteri grows at elevations of 1,800–2,900 meters. Its limited range makes it a NatureServe Vulnerable (G3) species, and it is classified Critically Imperiled (S1) in Wyoming.
Symphyotrichum foliaceum is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae native to western North America. Commonly known as leafy aster, leafy-bracted aster, and alpine leafybract aster, it is a perennial, herbaceous plant that may reach 10 to 60 centimeters in height. Its flowers have violet to purple ray florets and yellow disk florets. Four varieties were accepted as of July 2021 by Plants of the World Online (POWO), as follows: S. foliaceum var. apricum, S. foliaceum var. canbyi, S. foliaceum var. cusickii, and S. foliaceum var. parryi. The autonym is S. foliaceum var. foliaceum.
Symphyotrichum retroflexum is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae native to the southeastern United States. Commonly known as rigid whitetop aster, it is a perennial, herbaceous plant that may reach 40 to 100 centimeters tall. Its flowers have blue to purple ray florets and cream to pale yellow then pinkish disk florets. It is known only from the Blue Ridge Mountains in Alabama, Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, and Virginia, where it grows in wooded areas at elevations of 400–1,500 meters. As of September 2021, NatureServe classified it as Apparently Secure (G4); however, it had been reviewed last in 1994 and is marked as "needs review." There is an introduced presence of S. retroflexum in southeast China.
Symphyotrichum pratense is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae native to the southeastern United States. Commonly known as barrens silky aster, it is a perennial, herbaceous plant that may reach 40 to 60 centimeters tall. Its flowers have rose-purple ray florets and pink then purple disk florets.
Symphyotrichum pygmaeum is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae native to north Alaska, the Yukon, and Northwest Territories. Commonly known as pygmy aster, it is a perennial, herbaceous plant that may reach heights of 1.5 to 15 centimetres. Its flowers have purple to violet ray florets and yellow disk florets.
Symphyotrichum undulatum is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae native to eastern North America. Commonly known as wavyleaf aster, it is a perennial, herbaceous plant that may reach 30 to 60 centimeters tall. Its flowers have blue to purple, or sometimes lilac, ray florets and cream or light yellow, then purple, disk florets.
Symphyotrichum spathulatum is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae native to western North America including northwestern Mexico. Commonly known as western mountain aster, it is a perennial, herbaceous plant that may reach 20 to 80 centimeters tall. Its flowers, which open in July and August, have violet ray florets and yellow disk florets.
Symphyotrichum walteri is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae native to the southeastern United States. Commonly known as Walter's aster, it is a perennial, herbaceous plant that may reach 20 to 100 centimeters tall. Its flowers have bluish-purple ray florets and yellow disk florets.
Symphyotrichum parviceps is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae native to the central United States. Commonly known as smallhead aster or small white aster, it is a usually short-lived herbaceous, perennial plant that may reach 30 to 100 centimeters in height. Its flowers have white ray florets and pale yellow then purplish disk florets.
Symphyotrichum priceae is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae native to the southeastern United States, specifically Alabama, Georgia, Kentucky, and Tennessee. Commonly known as Price's aster or lavender oldfield aster, it is a perennial, herbaceous plant that may reach 30 to 100 centimeters tall. Its flowers have blue-violet ray florets and yellow then brown disk florets.