From Nakonde, the T2 goes southwards for 86km (53mi) to the town of Isoka. From Isoka, the road goes south-west for 263km (163mi), bypassing Chinsali (Muchinga Province's Capital), through Shiwang'andu District (where it bypasses Lake Ishiba Ng'andu and the Shiwa Ngandu Estate), to the town of Mpika, where it meets the southern terminus of the M1 road from Kasama and Mbala.[2] The name Great North Road used to apply to the M1 road up to the Mbala Border with Tanzania, but the name has since been given to the T2 road to Nakonde, due to its direct route to important towns in Tanzania.[8][9]
Central Province
From Mpika, the T2 road makes a 245km (152mi) journey south-south-west, through the Chilonga Toll Plaza,[4] through Lavushimanda District, crossing into Central Province and passing through Chitambo District, to Serenje.[2]40km (25mi) before Serenje, at the town of Chitambo, the T2 meets a direct road to Luapula Province, named the Serenje-Samfya Road (opened in 1983; designated as the D235 on the Zambian road network[2]), which is used by motorists to access Luapula Province quickly.
From Serenje, the T2 makes a 200km (120mi) journey west-south-west, through the farming town of Mkushi, through the George Kunda SC Toll Plaza,[4] to Kapiri Mposhi.[2] From the border post with Tanzania at Nakonde, the T2 is accompanied to Kapiri Mposhi by a railway named the Tanzania-Zambia Railway (TAZARA Railway) (parallel from Mpika).[10]
At Kapiri Mposhi, the T2 road meets the southern terminus of the T3 road from Ndola and Kitwe in the CopperbeltProvince and the Kasumbalesa border with DR Congo in the north. They meet at a T-junction. As the T3 road ends at this junction, the T2 route becomes the road southwards to pass through Kapiri Mposhi's town centre.[2]
From Kapiri Mposhi, the road goes for 60km (37mi) south-south-west, through the Manyumbi Toll Plaza,[4] to the town of Kabwe, which is Central Province's Capital and home to the Mulungushi Rock of Authority. From Kabwe, the road goes 55km (34mi) south-west to the town of Chibombo.[2]
20km (12mi) south of Chibombo, at the junction with the M20 road to Mumbwa (this junction is famously known as Landless Corner[11]), the T2 road turns south-east and enters the western part of Chisamba District for a few kilometres (bypassing the farming town of Chisamba to the west; where the D176 provides access to the Chisamba Town Centre[2]), before turning directly south towards Lusaka and passing through the Katuba Toll Plaza,[4] where it re-enters Chibombo District (passing through the Katuba Constituency).[2]
Lusaka Province
Great North Road across Zanimouone north of Lusaka
Next, the T2 leaves Chibombo District, Central Province and enters Lusaka, Zambia's Capital City, in the Lusaka Province. It enters just before the National Heroes Stadium (at the suburb of Kabangwe). At the roundabout at the northern end of the city centre, the T2 route meets the western terminus of the T4 road (Great East Road) from Chongwe and Chipata (and the republics of Malawi & Mozambique) and the western teminus of the M9 road from Mumbwa and Mongu.[2] This junction of the Great Roads of Zambia marks the end of the T2 being known as the Tanzam Highway and the Great North Road.
Right after this roundabout, the T2 becomes Cairo Road, an avenue with many trees and businesses on the road and where heavy vehicles are not permitted to pass. (Trucks are advised to use Lumumba Road to bypass the city centre to the west and come back on the T2 south of the City Centre)
At the southern end of the city centre, the T2 has a roundabout again, where it meets Lusaka's Independence Avenue and becomes Kafue Road. At the next junction, the southern end of Lumumba Road is met. This is where heavy vehicles going northwards are advised to join Lumumba Road to skip the town centre and bypass it to the west. (This is also where heavy vehicles going southwards rejoin the main road)
Going south of Lusaka, the road is named Kafue Road. It goes for 45km (28mi), through the town of Chilanga and the Shimabala Toll Plaza,[4] to reach the industrial town of Kafue. Approximately 10km (6.2mi) after the Kafue town centre, the T2 route crosses the Kafue River as the Kafue Bridge into Southern Province, entering Chikankata District.[2]
From the Livingstone Road (T1) junction, the T2 goes east-south-east for 79km (49mi), following the Kafue River, to pass through a mountainous area and reach the town of Chirundu on the border with Zimbabwe (Zambezi River), where there is a bridge (Chirundu Bridge; built in 1939) to connect with the A1 road (R3 road) on the Zimbabwean side going to Harare.[2] The village on the other side of the border is also named Chirundu.
Seventeenkm (11mi) before Chirundu, the T2 meets the northern terminus of the M15 road, which is the road that provides access to the tourist town of Siavonga on the Zambezi River adjacent to the Kariba Dam and a border connecting to the town of Kariba on the Zimbabwean side.[2]
In the past, the M1 road from Mpika northwards, through Kasama, to Mbala and Mpulungu was known as Zambia's Great North Road. Then, the name Great North Road was given to the T2 road from Mpika north-east to the Tanzania Border at Nakonde, probably due to the fact that it is part of the Cape to Cairo Road.[9][8] So, the M1 road is now referred to as the Old Great North Road.
The road connecting Lusaka and Livingstone (which was the capital of the nation before 1935) was originally regarded as being part of the Great North Road of Zambia.[14][15] Then, after the capital of the nation became Lusaka in 1935, Lusaka was regarded as the southern terminus of the Great North Road and the road connecting Lusaka to Livingstone was no-longer regarded as part of the route.[16]
The section from Mpika to Lusaka remains part of the Great North Road & so, Zambia's Great North Road is currently the section of the T2 road from the Tanzania Border at Nakonde to Lusaka.
Lusaka West Ring Road
A new bypass road was constructed in Lusaka, named the Lusaka West Ring Road, as part of the Lusaka Decongestion Project (LDP).[17][18] It was constructed in order for north-south traffic that has no need of stopping in Lusaka to bypass the city centre, which is a busy commercial area, to the west. It was opened in 2020.[17][18]
It starts in Kabangwe, approximately 13 kilometres north of the Lusaka Central Business District, at a junction with the T2 road (Great North Road). It passes through Lusaka West, meeting Mungwi Road, Mumbwa Road, Los Angeles Road and Makeni Road, before rejoining the T2 (Kafue Road) south of the suburb of Makeni, approximately 8 kilometres south of the Lusaka Central Business District.[19]
The Lusaka West Ring Road eases traffic that occurs in the roads of Lusaka's central area, primarily Cairo Road and Lumumba Road, which are the main thoroughfares used to go from the southern side of the CBD to the northern side of the CBD and vice versa.[18][17]
The M15 road is the 65km (40mi) road in Southern Province connecting the tourist town of Siavonga with Chirundu.[1][2] Together with the T2 road, it is the main route connecting Siavonga with the rest of the country.
It begins 18km (11mi) west of Chirundu at a junction with the T2 road and goes southwards for 65km (40mi) to Siavonga.[2] It bypasses Siavonga town centre to the east and becomes the eastern wall of the Kariba Dam, where it crosses the Zambezi River borderline into the republic of Zimbabwe and becomes the P12 road to pass through the town of Kariba on the Zimbabwean side.
On 8 September 2017, President Edgar Lungu commissioned the construction of the Lusaka-Ndola Dual Carriageway. This proposed route construction would transform the T2 road (Great North Road) from Lusaka to Kapiri Mposhi, together with the T3 road from Kapiri Mposhi to Ndola (a total distance of 320 kilometres), into a dual carriageway with 2 lanes in each direction to ease the movement of vehicles such as trucks, buses and motor vehicles and reduce on accidents.[20][21]
This new dual carriageway would require bypasses around the towns of Kabwe and Kapiri Mposhi together with some grade-separated interchanges where necessary.[22] Together with the already-existing Ndola-Kitwe Dual Carriageway and Kitwe-Chingola Dual Carriageway in the Copperbelt Province, this proposed road would provide a faster and safer journey from Lusaka to DR Congo.[22]
The total cost of this 320km road, after several increments, was finalized at $1.2 billion and construction began from Lusaka going northwards.[23][24] Certain elements of society criticized the high cost of the road, as it would cost just over $3.7 million per kilometre.[25] The deal was made with the China Jiangxi Corporation for International Economic and Technical Cooperation (CJIC) to construct the road.[20]
However, only the section of the T2 (Great North Road) within the capital city (Lusaka District), up to the Six Miles Roundabout, was completed by June 2021, with the Ministry of Finance ordering for the Road Development Agency to halt the project, citing financial constraints.[22]
In August 2021 (just after Zambia's Presidential Election), the newly-appointed Infrastructure, Housing and Urban Development Minister, Charles Milupi, stated that the road would cost less than $1.2 billion under President Hakainde Hichilema's government. Road construction would only resume once the price has been renegotiated to a lower amount; otherwise, the project was not cancelled.[26]
So, the newly-formed government officially cancelled the deal that the previous government made with the China Jiangxi Corporation for International Economic and Technical Cooperation (CJIC), citing that the project was overpriced.[27]
In early 2022, Hon Charles Milupi stated that completing this dual carriageway was of high importance. He stated that they would resume works on that road at a reduced cost after the rain season would pass in Zambia.[28] Then, the Minister of Finance, Situmbeko Musokotwane, stated that this project (Lusaka-Ndola Dual Carriageway) would be financed by "Public-private partnerships" (PPPs).[29]
On 28 February 2023, the Minister of Finance, Situmbeko Musokotwane, together with other ministers, re-commissioned the construction of the Lusaka-Ndola Dual Carriageway at Protea Hotel in Ndola.[30][31] The project was initially expected to cost $577 million and is being financed by a Public-private partnership (concession).[30][32] The consortium responsible for the construction and maintenance of the road is Macro-Ocean Investment Consortium.[31][32] The road being transformed into a dual carriageway is from the Cairo Road/Great East Road roundabout (Kabwe Roundabout) in Lusaka to the Ndola Central Hospital roundabout (327 kilometres).[31][32] It is expected to take 3 years to completion[33] and the concession agreement will be for another 22 years (up to 2048).[31][32]
On 26 March 2024 at a contract signing, the National Pension Scheme Authority (NAPSA) stated that the Lusaka-Ndola Dual Carriageway project is expected to cost $650 million and that it would be completed in 36 months.[34][35][36][37] NAPSA lent $300 million in funding to Macro-Ocean Investment Consortium for the project, while the Workers Compensation Fund Control Board (WCFCB) also lent $50 million in funding for the project.[34] President Hakainde Hichilema officiated at the ground-breaking ceremony for the project in Kapiri Mposhi on 21 May 2024.[38][39]
In June 2024, it was reported that roadworks were happening concurrently on four different stretches, namely between Lusaka and Chibombo (90 kilometres), between Chibombo and Kapiri Mposhi (115 kilometres), between Kapiri Mposhi and Ndola (115 kilometres), and on the M6 road between Masangano Market and Luanshya via Fisenge (45 kilometres).[40]
On 7 October 2024, the National Road Fund Agency (NRFA) stated that the three already-existing toll gates on the 320-kilometre stretch between Lusaka and Ndola (Katuba; Manyumbi; Kafulafuta) will be handed over to the concessionaire (Macro Ocean Investment Consortium) on 30 November 2024.[41] They stated that any toll fees collected at the three toll gates will be directed to an Escrow account that will be controlled by both the concessionaire and the government until the project is complete in 2026, when the concessionaire will take over full operations of maintaining the road and collecting tolls.[41] They stated that an additional toll gate will be added on the T2 in-between Chibombo and Kabwe while a toll gate will also be placed on the M6 road (Masangano-Fisenge road; the road used to bypass Ndola on the way to Luanshya and Kitwe).[41]
Kapiri Mposhi is a Zambian town and the seat of the Kapiri Mposhi District in Central Province. Located north of Lusaka, it stands on the Great North Road and is significant for the railway connection between the Zambia Railways line from Kitwe to Lusaka and the western terminus of the Tanzania-Zambia Railway Authority from Dar es Salaam since 1976.
The Walvis Bay-Ndola-Lubumbashi Development Road, formerly known as the Trans-Caprivi Corridor and until 2004 the Trans-Caprivi Highway, begins in Walvis Bay. It runs through Rundu in northeastern Namibia and along the Caprivi Strip to Katima Mulilo on the Zambezi River, which forms the border between Namibia and Zambia. The Katima Mulilo Bridge spans the river to the Zambian town of Sesheke. From there, the road continues as the M10 Road to Livingstone, where it connects to the main north–south highway to Lusaka and extends to the Copperbelt.
The Great North Road is a major route in Zambia, running north from Lusaka through Kabwe, Kapiri Mposhi, Serenje, Mpika, Isoka and Nakonde to the border with Tanzania. The entire route is designated as the T2 road on Zambia's road network. It forms the Zambian section of the Tanzam Highway.
Mpika is a town in the Muchinga Province of Zambia, lying at the junction of the M1 Road to Kasama and Mbala and the Tanzam Highway to Dar es Salaam, Tanzania in the north-east and Lusaka in the south-west. It also has a railway station on the TAZARA Railway about 5 kilometres (3 mi) away. Mpika is situated between the Muchinga Escarpment to the east and vast miombo plains to the west. The town has an estimated population of 40,000 inhabitants (2008), while the district population is estimated at 150,000 inhabitants. Since Mpika District was the biggest district in Zambia before its division in 2017, the population density was less than 4 people per square kilometre.
Cairo Road is the main thoroughfare of Lusaka, Zambia and the principal business, retail and service centre of the city. It is a section of the T2 road and was so named because it is a link in Cecil Rhodes' then dream of a Cape to Cairo Road through British colonies in Africa.
The ten provinces of Zambia are divided into a total of 116 districts as of 2018.
The Beira–Lobito Highway or TAH 9 is Trans-African Highway 9 in the transcontinental road network being developed by the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA), the African Development Bank (ADB), and the African Union. The route has a length of 3,523 km (2,189 mi) crossing Angola, the most southerly part of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Zambia, Zimbabwe, and central Mozambique.
The Lusaka–Mongu Road of Zambia runs 580 km from the capital, Lusaka, to Mongu, capital of the Western Province. It connects that province to the rest of the country, as well as being one of two routes to the south-west extremity of North-Western Province. It also serves as the main highway of the western half of Central Province. The entire route from Lusaka to Mongu is designated as the M9 road.
The T1 or Lusaka–Livingstone Road is the main highway of the Southern Province of Zambia. It begins 55 kilometres south of the city of Lusaka and heads south-west to the principal tourist destination, Victoria Falls in Livingstone, via Mazabuka, Monze, Choma and Kalomo, measuring approximately 430 kilometres (267 mi). The entire route is part of Trans-African Highway network number 4 or Cairo-Cape Town Highway between Cairo and Cape Town.
The Cairo–Cape Town Highway is Trans-African Highway 4 in the transcontinental road network being developed by the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA), the African Development Bank (AfDB), and the African Union. The route has a length of 10,228 km (6,355 mi) and links Cairo in Egypt to Cape Town in South Africa.
Muchinga Province is one of the ten provinces of Zambia. It is located in the northeast of the country and borders with Tanzania in the north, Malawi in the east, Eastern Province in the south, Central Province in the southwest, Luapula Province in the west, and Northern Province in the northwest. The administrative center of the province is Chinsali.
Chilonga is a town in Mpika District in the Muchinga Province of Zambia.
Nakonde is a town in the Muchinga Province of Zambia, on the border with Tanzania. It is at the northern end of Zambia's Great North Road. It is the principal commercial and political headquarters of Nakonde District and the district headquarters are located here.
The T3 is a trunk road in Zambia. The road runs from Kapiri Mposhi via Ndola, Kitwe and Chingola to Kasumbalesa on the border with DR Congo. The entire route is a toll road.
The Tanzam Highway leads from Lusaka in Zambia to Dar es Salaam in Tanzania. The highway was built from 1968 to 1973 in several stages and was intended to provide seaport access for Zambia and to expand the transport options for Zambia, Malawi and the then Zaire.
The M4 road is a road in the Copperbelt Province of Zambia. The road connects the city of Ndola with the city of Mufulira and extends to connect Mufulira with the city of Kitwe. As it is a v-shaped route, the M4 road starts and ends at a junction with the T3 road.
The M1 road is a road in northern Zambia. It connects Mpika in Muchinga Province with Mbala in the Northern Province on the border with Tanzania and the Lake Tanganyika port of Mpulungu via Kasama. The northern section is a toll road.
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M14 in Nakonde 
M1 in Mpika 
T3 near Kapiri Mposhi 
M20 near Chibombo 
T4 / M9 in Lusaka 
M15 near Chirundu 
