Great East Road

Last updated
Elongated circle 4.svg
Great East Road (T4)
Great East Road, Zambia - OpenStreetMap.png
Map showing the Great East Road through Zambia
Great East Road in 2024 07.jpg
Route information
Length595 km (370 mi)
Major junctions
West endElongated circle 2.svgElongated circle 9.svg T2  / M9 in Lusaka
Major intersections D145 at Luangwa Bridge
D142 in Nyimba
D138 in Petauke
Elongated circle 6.svg T6 in Katete
D123 in Chipata
Elongated circle 12.svg M12 in Chipata
D128 in Chipata
East endElongated circle 12.svg M12 at the Mwami Border with Malawi near Mchinji
Location
Country Zambia
Provinces Lusaka, Eastern
Major cities Lusaka, Chongwe, Rufunsa, Nyimba, Petauke, Sinda, Katete, Chipata
Highway system
← Elongated circle 3.svg T3 → Elongated circle 5.svg T5

The Great East Road is a major road in Zambia and the main route linking its Eastern Province with the rest of the country. It is also the major link between Zambia and Malawi and between Zambia and northern Mozambique. [1] However, the route does not carry as much traffic as many of the other regional arterial roads and between the main cities it serves, Lusaka and Chipata, it passes through rural and wilderness areas. In Lusaka the road forms the main arterial road for the eastern suburbs. The entire route from Lusaka to Chipata and the border with Malawi is designated the T4 road on Zambia's road network. [2] [3]

Contents

History

Chipata, the capital of the Eastern Province was an early outpost of the British colonial administration as Fort Jameson when Zambia was Northern Rhodesia. Like most of the Eastern Province, it had much easier access to Malawi, then the British protectorate of Nyasaland, and to the Mozambique ports of Quelimane and Beira than to the rest of Northern Rhodesia, and so most trade and communication in early colonial days was eastwards. Until the mid-1920s mail, goods and passengers went between the capital of the territory at Livingstone and Fort Jameson by train through neighbouring countries — via Bulawayo and Beira to Blantyre and then by road.

Before the Great East Road, the first direct vehicle access to the east of any kind was a track made in 1929 by transport companies following a more northerly route than the present road, and which crossed both the Lunsemfwa River and the Luangwa by pontoons made from dugout canoes roped together. [4]

Eventually the Northern Rhodesian authorities needed a better road to assert their control over the Eastern Province, and the first Great East Road was built in 1932 from the Great North Road at the small railway town of Lusaka (Livingstone was still the capital, and this junction of the 'Great Roads' together with the main north–south railway contributed to the decision to site the capital in Lusaka in 1935). [5]

Route geography

Great East Road in northeast Lusaka Lusaka - Manda Hill Shopping Centre.JPG
Great East Road in northeast Lusaka
Road traffic in Lusaka

The Eastern Province is a narrow slice of land sandwiched between Mozambique and Malawi to its south and east, and the Luangwa Valley, world-famous for its wildlife, to the north-west, which no highways cross. Apart from a bush track over the highlands in the far north of the province, a narrow neck of land in the west became the only way in from or out to the rest of Zambia, and as the only highway to cross it, the Great East road is strategically vulnerable. [1] This neck is cut by the lower Luangwa River making a turn due south to the Zambezi, in a narrow and deep valley with steep slopes and thick vegetation, amounting in some sections to a gorge. The river is 250 to 400 m wide in this area, and flows quite fast, with a huge variation according to season.

The route and its branches

Crossing the steep terrain of the lower Luangwa valley was a major challenge. The 1929 track was usually closed in the rainy season, and so the first Luangwa Bridge was built in 1932 with funding from the Beit Trust. On the eastern side, once the road had climbed up the difficult terrain onto the Luangwa-Zambezi watershed at Nyimba, Petauke, and Katete, the going is easier. [4] Chipata is reached 570 km from Lusaka and the road goes on to the Malawian border 20 km further on, where it connects via Mchinji to the Malawian capital of Lilongwe, just 120 km from the border. [1]

The Great East Road has 3 tollgates (one just east of Lusaka; one between Nyimba and Petauke; one just west of Chipata). [6]

Route

The T4 begins north of Lusaka Central, at a roundabout junction with the T2 road (Great North Road; Cairo Road) and the M9 road. It begins by going eastwards as the Great East Road to form the main road of the central-eastern suburbs, passing the Manda Hill Mall, Arcades Mall and East Park Mall before passing by the University of Zambia main campus. Immediately after the Kenneth Kaunda International Airport turn-off in the Chelstone suburb (the last suburb of Lusaka), the T4 crosses into Chongwe District. [3]

From the airport turn-off, the T4 heads eastwards for 30 kilometres, though the Chongwe Toll Plaza, [6] to the town of Chongwe, where it passes through the town centre as the main road. From Chongwe, the T4 continues eastwards for 115 kilometres to the town of Rufunsa in the district of the same name. From Rufunsa, the T4 goes eastwards for 70 kilometres to meet the northern terminus of the D145, which goes southwards to the town of Luangwa (85 kilometres away). Immediately after the Luangwa turn-off, the T4 leaves Lusaka Province and crosses the Luangwa River into the Eastern Province as the Luangwa Bridge. [3]

The Luangwa Bridge Luangwa bridge.jpg
The Luangwa Bridge

From the Luangwa Bridge, the T4 heads east-north-east for 165 kilometres, following the near borderline with Mozambique, through the town of Nyimba, through the Alexander Grey Zulu Toll Plaza, [6] to bypass Petauke to the south (where the D138 provides access to the town centre). From the Petauke turn-off, the T4 heads east-north-east for 87 kilometres, through the town of Sinda, to the town of Katete, where it meets the northern terminus of the T6 road, which goes southwards to the border with Mozambique. The T6 is the main route used by motorists to access Mozambique from Zambia. [3]

From Katete, the T4 heads east-north-east for 80 kilometres, though the Reuben C Kamanga Toll Plaza, [6] to enter the city of Chipata, where it meets the southern terminus of the M12 road (which goes north to Lundazi and the South Luangwa National Park) before passing through the city centre in a south-easterly direction. Immediately after the Chipata City Centre, the T4 meets the northern terminus of the D128, which goes southwards to Chadiza. [3] The T4 continues east-south-east for 18 kilometres to reach the Mwami Border with Malawi, where it crosses the national boundary and becomes the M12 road of Malawi, which connects to the city of Lilongwe (Capital of Malawi; 120 kilometres away). The border settlement on the Malawian side is named Mchinji.

Branches

In addition to its east-west Lusaka-Malawi axis, the Great East Road links north to Lundazi (using the M12 road from Chipata), north-west to the South Luangwa National Park (using the D104 road from Chipata), south-east to Mozambique (using the T6 road from Katete), and, in Lusaka Province, south to the Lower Zambezi National Park and the town of Luangwa at the Luangwa-Zambezi river confluence (using the D145 road from the Luangwa Bridge). [3] In the 1960s the Great East road was paved, opening up the Luangwa Valley (and to some extent, Lake Malawi) to tourism. [1] At times the surface has deteriorated considerably. The section between Katete and the Luangwa Bridge was repaired and reconstructed around 2002/3.

Strategic significance

As well as being strategically vulnerable as described above, the Great East Road is within a few kilometres of Mozambique and a few tens of kilometres of Zimbabwe, where there were wars of independence in the 1960s and 1970s. As a result of Zambia's political support for the anti-apartheid and independence sides in these conflicts, armed incursions cut the road at the Luangwa Bridge, with it being rebuilt and reopened in 1968. [7] [8] [9] [10] As of 2022, there are plans to rehabilitate the bridge. [7] [8] [9]

T6 Road

The T6 road is the road that links Zambia with Northern Mozambique. At the town of Katete, 80 kilometres west of Chipata, 490 kilometres east of Lusaka, at a junction with the T4 (Great East Road), begins the road going south-east towards the border with Mozambique. The T6 road is 55 km in length from Katete, passing through Chilembwe and Mlolo (through the western side of Chadiza District), to the Chanida Border with Mozambique. [2] [3] The long road ahead through Mozambique (the N9 route) provides access to the city of Tete. The border on the Mozambique side is named Chimefusa.

M12 Road

Elongated circle 12.svg
M12 Road
Route information
Length180 km (110 mi)
Major junctions
South endElongated circle 4.svg T4 (Great East Road) in Chipata
North endD104/D103/D109 in Lundazi
Location
Country Zambia
Provinces Eastern
Major cities Chipata, Lundazi
Highway system
← Elongated circle 11.svg M11 → Elongated circle 13.svg M13

The M12 road is the road that connects Chipata with Lundazi and Chama. [2] [3] Together with the Great East Road (T4) to Lusaka, it is the main route connecting Chama and Lundazi with the rest of the country. The M12 is a road in a poor condition. [11] [12]

Traffic sign on the Great East Road at the junction with the M12 in Chipata A Traffic Sign.jpg
Traffic sign on the Great East Road at the junction with the M12 in Chipata

It starts at a junction with the T4 (Great East Road) just north-west of Chipata City Centre and goes northwards for 7 kilometres to reach a t-junction with the D104 (Chipata-Mfuwe Road), which goes north-west to the Chipata Airport (2 kilometres away) and extends further through Mambwe District to the tourist settlement of Mfuwe and its International Airport south of the South Luangwa National Park and the Luangwa River.

At this junction, the M12 makes a right turn and goes northwards for 173 kilometres, following the Malawi borderline, through the Chipangali and Lumezi Districts, to reach its northern terminus in the vicinity of the town of Lundazi, where it ends at another junction with the D104 road coming from the South Luangwa National Park and the Luambe National Park in the west. The road continuing northwards from this junction is the D103 road, which provides access to the town of Chama. The D109 connects eastwards from the D103 in Lundazi to the Lusuntha border with Malawi.

Luangwa Road

The Luangwa Road (designated as D145 on Zambia's road network) [2] [3] is the road that provides access to the town of Luangwa. It is the only road used to enter and exit Luangwa.

It starts at a junction with the T4 (Great East Road) just west of the Luangwa Bridge in Luangwa District, going southwards. It heads for 85 kilometres, following the Luangwa River (which forms Zambia's boundary with Mozambique in this area), to reach the town of Luangwa adjacent to the Luangwa River and Zambezi River confluence, where it ends in the town centre.

See also

Related Research Articles

This article is about the Transport in Zambia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Zambezi</span> Major river in southern Africa

The Zambezi is the fourth-longest river in Africa, the longest east-flowing river in Africa and the largest flowing into the Indian Ocean from Africa. Its drainage basin covers 1,390,000 km2 (540,000 sq mi), slightly less than half of the Nile's. The 2,574 km (1,599 mi) river rises in Zambia and flows through eastern Angola, along the north-eastern border of Namibia and the northern border of Botswana, then along the border between Zambia and Zimbabwe to Mozambique, where it crosses the country to empty into the Indian Ocean.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Luangwa River</span> River in Zambia

The Luangwa River is one of the major tributaries of the Zambezi River, and one of the four biggest rivers of Zambia. The river generally floods in the rainy season and then falls considerably in the dry season. It is one of the biggest unaltered rivers in Southern Africa and the 52,000 square kilometres (20,000 sq mi) that make up the surrounding valley are home to abundant wildlife.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chipata</span> City in Eastern Province, Zambia

Chipata is a city and administrative centre of the Eastern Province of Zambia and Chipata District. It was declared the 5th city of the country, after Lusaka, Ndola, Kitwe and Livingstone, by President Edgar Lungu on 24 February 2017. The city has undergone rapid economic and infrastructure growth in the years, leading up to city status.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Petauke</span> Town in Eastern Province, Zambia

Petauke is a town and seat of Petauke District located in the Eastern Province of Zambia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Eastern Province, Zambia</span> Province of Zambia

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chama, Zambia</span> Town in Eastern Province, Zambia

Chama is a small town in the Eastern Province of Zambia, and is headquarters of Chama District. It is one of the most remote district headquarters in the country, lying just inside the eastern edge of the upper Luangwa Rift Valley, at the foot of the highlands dividing Zambia and Malawi. It is served by only one gravel road which comes from Lundazi and the provincial capital of the Eastern Province, Chipata, 300 km to the south. A dirt track connects the town to the South Luangwa National Park 200 km south-west, running parallel to the Luangwa River. A little-used dirt track follows the Malawi border further north and crosses into Isoka District west of the Nyika Plateau. The Road Development Agency is also developing a road from Chama westwards across the Luangwa River to the town of Matumbo, where the road will end at a junction with the T2 Road, Zambia's Great North Road. It is meant to be the 2nd main road out of Chama after the Lundazi-Chipata Route and is meant to provide access for Chama Residents to the headquarters of Muchinga Province, which is Chinsali.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Katete</span> Town in Eastern Province, Zambia

Katete is a medium-sized town in the Eastern Province of Zambia, and is headquarters of Katete District. The town is at the foot of rocky hills which lie to its east, including Mpangwe Hill and Kangarema Hill, which rise to 1600 m. The hills are surrounded by cultivated fields. Katete lies on the Great East Road about 90 km south-west of the provincial capital, Chipata, at an elevation of 1060 m on the watershed between the middle Luangwa River and the Zambezi. In the town is a major road junction, with a surfaced road branching off and running 50 km to the Mozambique border and connecting with Tete on the Zambezi 339 km to the south-east.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">T2 road (Zambia)</span> Road in Zambia

"Zambia : President Lungu commissions the construction of the 1.2 billion U.S dollar Lusaka-Ndola Dual Carriageway". Lusaka Times. 8 September 2017. Retrieved 2021-12-09.

The M10 road is a road in Zambia. It goes from Livingstone, through Sesheke and Senanga, to Mongu. The road is approximately 508 kilometres and follows the Zambezi River for its entire length.

The T6 road is a road in the Eastern Province of Zambia. It is a branch of the Great East Road and it is the primary road used to access Northern Mozambique from Zambia. It connects Katete with the Chanida Border with Mozambique.

The M12 road is a road in Malawi that spans 119 kilometers that traverses the country from east to west, connecting the capital city of Lilongwe to the Zambian border at Mchinji, providing a transportation artery between the two nations and facilitating the movement of people and goods across the region.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 Terracarta: Zambia, 2nd edition, International Travel Maps, Vancouver, Canada, 2000.
  2. 1 2 3 4 "Roads and Road Traffic (Amendment) Act, Cap 464 | Zambia Legal Information Institute". zambialii.org. Archived from the original on 2023-04-18. Retrieved 2019-07-03.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 "Roads and Road Traffic Act | National Assembly of Zambia". www.parliament.gov.zm. Retrieved 2022-06-27.
  4. 1 2 H. C. N. Ridley: “Early History of Road Transport in Northern Rhodesia”, The Northern Rhodesia Journal , Vol 2 No 5 (1954)
  5. ↑ Camerapix: Spectrum Guide to Zambia, Camerapix International Publishing, Nairobi, 1996.
  6. 1 2 3 4 "NRFA" . Retrieved 2021-12-01.
  7. 1 2 "Zambia awaits $75.5m Japanese grant for new Luangwa bridge, as pre-feasibility study concluded | Zambia Monitor". 2023-04-09. Retrieved 2024-04-10.
  8. 1 2 "Zambia : Cabinet has approved the construction of the new Luangwa Bridge". 2022-02-09. Retrieved 2024-04-10.
  9. 1 2 "Zambia : Zambia Bypasses Pre-Feasibility Study Stage for US$75.5 Million New Luangwa Bridge Construction Project". 2023-04-01. Retrieved 2024-04-10.
  10. ↑ "Luangwa Bridge (Zambia, 1968)". Structurae. Retrieved 2024-04-10.
  11. ↑ https://www.pressreader.com/zambia/daily-nation-newspaper/20201114/281629602803962 . Retrieved 2022-01-20– via PressReader.{{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  12. ↑ "CSPR writes RDA over life-threatening Chipata-Lundazi road – The Mast Online" . Retrieved 2022-01-20.
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