The Greatest Indian

Last updated

Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar was voted the "Greatest Indian". Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar.jpg
Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar was voted the "Greatest Indian".

The Greatest Indian was a poll sponsored by Reliance Mobile and conducted by Outlook magazine, in partnership with CNN-IBN and The History Channel. The poll was conducted from June to August 2012, with the winner, B. R. Ambedkar, announced on 11 August. A program associated with the poll aired from 4 June until 15 August. [1]

Contents

Unlike other editions of Greatest Britons spin-offs, The Greatest Indian did not include people from all time periods of history. Two reasons were given for this choice. The first was that "the pre-independence history of India is dominated by Mahatma Gandhi and it is impossible for anyone to come close to the Father of the Nation when it comes to Leadership, Impact and Contribution. [...] The panel of experts felt that if Gandhi were to be included in the list, there would be no competition for title of The Greatest Indian". [2] Secondly, The Greatest Indian chose to focus on India as a modern nation: "India today is unrecognizable from the India that got independence in 1947. This nation has achieved this stature in the world thanks to contribution from millions of Indians. This is an effort to recognise one who has made the maximum contribution and impact in the surge of independent India". [2]

Nominations and voting process

A list of 100 names was presented to and compiled by a 28-member jury composed of actors, writers, sportspersons, entrepreneurs, and men and women of distinction in their fields. [3] This jury included N. Ram (former Editor-In-Chief of The Hindu), Vinod Mehta (Editor-in-Chief of Outlook), Soli Sorabjee (Former Attorney General of India), Sharmila Tagore (Bollywood actress and former Chairperson of the Censor Board of India), Harsha Bhogle (sports), Chetan Bhagat (author), [4] Ramachandra Guha (historian), [3] Shashi Tharoor (politician and author), Nandan Nilekani, Rajkumar Hirani, Shabana Azmi and Arun Jaitley. [5] They finalized a list of the top 50 nominees, which was released to the public on 4 June 2012, by CNN-IBN Editor-in-Chief Rajdeep Sardesai. A three-way process was then used to assess a top ten, in which equal weight was given to the votes of the jury, an online poll, and a market survey conducted by the Nielsen Company. [3] 7,129,050 people participated in this phase of the online poll. [6] Public voting was conducted from 4 to 25 June, [1] with the final top ten were announced on 3 July. [7] A second round of voting followed, using the same method as the first, lasting from 1 July to 1 August. [1] Individuals were able to cast votes either by visiting www.thegreatestindian.in or by calling a unique number given to each of the nominees. [7] Nearly 20,000,000 people voted in this round of the survey. [8] The announcement of the winner was made on 11 August, [9] with a special finale, hosted by Amitabh Bachchan and featuring other Indian celebrities, airing on 14 and 15 August (Independence Day). [10]

Top ten nominees

The top 10 nominees have all received the Bharat Ratna, the highest civilian award of the Republic of India.

List of the top ten "greatest Indians". [11]
RankImageNameStateNotability
1 Ambedkar 1966 stamp of India.jpg B. R. Ambedkar
(1891–1956)		 Maharashtra The father of the Constitution of India, social reformer and leader of the Dalits, [12] [13] [14] Ambedkar was the first Law Minister of India. [15] He was given the honorific title "Babasaheb" ("respected father"). Ambedkar predominantly campaigned against social discrimination against Dalits, Women, Scheduled Tribes and Other Backward Castes in the Hindu caste system. [16] He was associated with the Dalit Buddhist movement and accepted Buddhism as a religion along with his more than half a million followers on 14 October 1956. [17] Ambedkar revived Buddhism in India. [18] [19]
2 APJ Abdul Kalam 2015 stamp of India.jpg A. P. J. Abdul Kalam
(1931–2015)		 Tamil Nadu Aerospace and defence scientist, Kalam was involved in the development of India's first satellite launch vehicle SLV III and was the architect of Integrated Guided Missile Development Program. He worked for Indian National Committee for Space Research, Indian Space Research Organisation, Defence Research and Development Laboratory and was appointed as the Scientific Advisor to the Defence Minister, Secretary to Department of Defence Research and Development and Director General of Defence Research and Development Organisation. [20] Later, he served as the eleventh President of India from 2002 until 2007. [21]
3 Vallabhbhai Patel 1975 stamp of India.jpg Vallabhbhai Patel
(1875–1950)		 Gujarat Widely known as the "Iron Man of India", [22] Patel was an independence activist and first Deputy Prime Minister of India (1947–50). Post independence, "Sardar" ("Leader") Patel worked with V. P. Menon towards dissolving 555 princely states into the Indian union. He is also remembered as the "patron saint of India's civil servants" for having established the modern All India Services system. 1947: Patel was featured on the cover of Time magazine. [23] [24] [25]
4 Stamp of India - 2008 - Colnect 139933 - Jawaharlal Nehru.jpeg Jawaharlal Nehru
(1889–1964)		 Uttar Pradesh Independence activist and author, Pandit Nehru is the first and the longest-serving Prime Minister of India (1947–64). Nehru himself was Prime Minister of India at the time of receiving Bharat Ratna award. [26] [27] Nehru is popularly called 'Chacha Nehru'. Nehru's birthday is celebrated as Children's Day
5 Stamp of India - 2016 - Colnect 661450 - Mother Teresa.jpeg Mother Teresa
(1910–1997)		 West Bengal
(Born in Skopje, Ottoman Empire,
now North Macedonia)		"Saint Mother Teresa of Calcutta" was a Catholic nun and the founder of the Missionaries of Charity, a Roman Catholic religious congregation, which manages homes for people who are dying of HIV/AIDS, leprosy and tuberculosis. She was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for her humanitarian work in 1979 and was beatified on 19 October 2003 by Pope John Paul II and canonised on 4 September 2016 by Pope Francis. [28]
6

JRD Tata 1994 stamp of India.jpg

J. R. D. Tata
(1904–1993)		 Maharashtra Industrialist, philanthropist, and aviation pioneer, Tata founded India's first airline, Air India. He is the founder of various institutes, including Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Tata Memorial Hospital, Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Tata Motors, TCS, National Institute of Advanced Studies, and National Centre for the Performing Arts. [29] [30]
7 Stamp of India - 2008 - Colnect 139939 - Indira Gandhi.jpeg Indira Gandhi
(1917–1984)		 Uttar Pradesh Known as the "Iron Lady of India", [31] Gandhi was the Prime Minister of India during 1966–77 and 1980–84. [26] During the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971, her government supported Bangladesh Liberation War which led to the formation of a new country, Bangladesh. [32] She was the daughter of Jawaharlal Nehru.
8 Sachin Tendulkar 2013 stamp of India.jpg Sachin Tendulkar
(b. 1973)		 Maharashtra Having debuted in 1989, Tendulkar played 664 international cricket matches in a career spanning over two decades. He holds various cricket records including the only player to have scored one hundred international centuries, the first batsman to score a double century in a One Day International and the only player to complete more than 34,000 runs in both ODI and Test cricket. [33] [34]
9 Stamp of India - 2018 - Colnect 838745 - Atal Vajpayee former Prime Minister.jpeg Atal Bihari Vajpayee
(1924–2018)		 Madhya Pradesh Parliamentarian for over four decades, Vajpayee was elected nine times to the Lok Sabha, twice to the Rajya Sabha and served as the Prime Minister of India for three terms; 1996, 1998, 1999–2004. He was also a renowned poet and writer. During his tenure as prime minister, India carried out the successful Pokhran-II nuclear tests in 1998. [26] He was Minister of External Affairs during 1977–79 and was awarded the "Best Parliamentarian" in 1994. [35]
10 Lata Mangeshkar.jpg Lata Mangeshkar
(1929–2022)		 Maharashtra Widely credited as the "nightingale of India", [36] playback singer Mangeshkar started her career in the 1940s and had sung songs in over 36 languages. [37] In 1989, Mangeshkar was awarded the Dadasaheb Phalke Award, India's highest award in cinema. [38]

List of original fifty nominees

Of 50 nominees, 15 have received the Bharat Ratna and 6 are women. The oldest living nominees at the time of the poll were B. K. S. Iyengar (93) Ravi Shankar (92), Verghese Kurien (90), R. K. Laxman (90), Dilip Kumar (89), Atal Bihari Vajpayee (87) and M. S. Swaminathan (87), while Sachin Tendulkar (39) was the youngest. [39]

  1. B. R. Ambedkar (1891–1956)
  2. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam (1931–2015)
  3. Vallabhbhai Patel (1875–1950)
  4. Jawaharlal Nehru (1889–1964)
  5. Mother Teresa (1910–1997)
  6. J. R. D. Tata (1904–1993)
  7. Indira Gandhi (1917–1984)
  8. Sachin Tendulkar (b. 1973)
  9. Atal Bihari Vajpayee (1924–2018)
  10. Lata Mangeshkar (1929–2022)
  11. Jayaprakash Narayan (1902–1979) social reformer
  12. Kanshi Ram (1934–2006) politician and founder of the BSP
  13. Ram Manohar Lohia (1910–1967) Socialist leader
  14. C. Rajagopalachari (1878–1972) First Indian Governor-General of India
  15. Sam Manekshaw (1914–2008) Chief of the Army Staff of the Indian Army
  16. Baba Amte (1914–2008) social worker
  17. Ela Bhatt (1933-2022) founder Self-Employed Women's Association of India
  18. Vinoba Bhave (1895–1982) advocate of nonviolence
  19. Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay (1903–1988) freedom fighter
  20. Ravi Shankar (1920–2012) musician
  21. M. S. Subbulakshmi (1916–2004) Carnatic vocalist
  22. M. F. Husain (1915–2011) painter
  23. Bismillah Khan (1916–2006) musician
  24. R. K. Narayan (1906–2001) writer
  25. R. K. Laxman (1921–2015) cartoonist, illustrator, and humorist
  26. B. K. S. Iyengar (1918–2014) founder of Iyengar Yoga
  27. Amitabh Bachchan (b. 1942) film actor
  28. Raj Kapoor (1924–1988) director of Hindi cinema
  29. Kamal Haasan (b. 1954) actor, director
  30. Satyajit Ray (1921–1992) filmmaker
  31. A. R. Rahman (b. 1967) composer and philanthropist
  32. Kishore Kumar (1929–1987) film playback singer
  33. Dilip Kumar (1922–2021) actor, producer and activist
  34. Dev Anand (1923–2011) producer and actor
  35. Mohammad Rafi (1924–1980) singer
  36. Homi Bhabha (1909–1966) nuclear physicist
  37. Dhirubhai Ambani (1932–2002) business tycoon, founder of Reliance Industries
  38. Verghese Kurien (1921–2012) social entrepreneur
  39. Ghanshyam Das Birla (1894–1983) businessman
  40. N. R. Narayana Murthy (b. 1946) IT industrialist
  41. Vikram Sarabhai (1919–1971) scientist
  42. M. S. Swaminathan (1925–2023) geneticist
  43. Ramnath Goenka (1904–1991) newspaper publisher
  44. Amartya Sen (b. 1933) philosopher and economist
  45. E. Sreedharan (b. 1932) civil engineer
  46. Kapil Dev (b. 1959) cricketer
  47. Sunil Gavaskar (b. 1949) cricketer
  48. Dhyan Chand (1905–1979) hockey player
  49. Viswanathan Anand (b. 1969) chess Grandmaster
  50. Milkha Singh (1929–2021) sprinter

Results

Babasaheb Ambedkar was generally approved of as the greatest Indian, with several prominent scholars writing articles congratulating him, including Ramachandra Guha [3] and S. Anand. [40]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jawaharlal Nehru</span> Prime Minister of India from 1947 to 1964

Jawaharlal Nehru was an Indian anti-colonial nationalist, statesman, secular humanist, social democrat, and author who was a central figure in India during the middle of the 20th century. Nehru was a principal leader of the Indian nationalist movement in the 1930s and 1940s. Upon India's independence in 1947, he served as the country's first prime minister for 16 years. Nehru promoted parliamentary democracy, secularism, and science and technology during the 1950s, powerfully influencing India's arc as a modern nation. In international affairs, he steered India clear of the two blocs of the Cold War. A well-regarded author, his books written in prison, such as Letters from a Father to His Daughter (1929), An Autobiography (1936) and The Discovery of India (1946), have been read around the world.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mahatma Gandhi</span> Indian independence activist (1869–1948)

Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi was an Indian lawyer, anti-colonial nationalist and political ethicist who employed nonviolent resistance to lead the successful campaign for India's independence from British rule. He inspired movements for civil rights and freedom across the world. The honorific Mahātmā, first applied to him in South Africa in 1914, is now used throughout the world.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">B. R. Ambedkar</span> Indian jurist, economist, politician and social reformer (1891–1956)

Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar was an Indian jurist, economist, social reformer and political leader who headed the committee drafting the Constitution of India from the Constituent Assembly debates, served as Law and Justice minister in the first cabinet of Jawaharlal Nehru, and inspired the Dalit Buddhist movement after renouncing Hinduism.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">C. Rajagopalachari</span> Indian statesman and writer (1878–1972)

Chakravarti Rajagopalachari BR, popularly known as Rajaji or C.R., also known as Mootharignar Rajaji, was an Indian statesman, writer, lawyer, and independence activist. Rajagopalachari was the last Governor-General of India, as when India became a republic in 1950 the office was abolished. He was also the only Indian-born Governor-General, as all previous holders of the post were British nationals. He also served as leader of the Indian National Congress, Premier of the Madras Presidency, Governor of West Bengal, Minister for Home Affairs of the Indian Union and Chief Minister of Madras state. Rajagopalachari founded the Swatantra Party and was one of the first recipients of India's highest civilian award, the Bharat Ratna. He vehemently opposed the use of nuclear weapons and was a proponent of world peace and disarmament. During his lifetime, he also acquired the nickname 'Mango of Salem'.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bharat Ratna</span> Indias highest civilian award

The Bharat Ratna is the highest civilian award of the Republic of India. Instituted on 2 January 1954, the award is conferred in recognition of "exceptional service/performance of the highest order", without distinction of race, occupation, position or gender. The award was originally limited to achievements in the arts, literature, science, and public services, but the Government of India expanded the criteria to include "any field of human endeavor" in December 2011. The recommendations for the award are made by the Prime Minister to the President. The recipients receive a Sanad (certificate) signed by the President and a peepal leaf-shaped medallion with no monetary grant associated with the award. Bharat Ratna recipients rank seventh in the Indian order of precedence.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mahadev Desai</span> Personal secretary of Mahatma Gandhi

Mahadev Haribhai Desai was an Indian independence activist, scholar and writer best remembered as Mahatma Gandhi's personal secretary. He has variously been described as "Gandhi's Boswell, a Plato to Gandhi's Socrates, as well as an Ānanda to Gandhi's Buddha".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">M. S. Golwalkar</span> 2nd head of Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (1906–1973)

Madhav Sadashivrao Golwalkar, popularly known as Guruji, was the second Sarsanghchalak ("Chief") of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS). Golwalkar is considered one of the most influential and prominent figures among Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh by his followers.

Modh is an adjective often adopted in the surnames of Gujarati people who originate from Modhera in Gujarat.

Madhu Dandavate was an Indian physicist and socialist politician, who served as Minister of Railways in the Morarji Desai ministry, and as Minister of Finance in the V P Singh ministry.

The Poona Pact of 1932 was a negotiated settlement between Mahatma Gandhi and Dr. B.R. Ambedkar that significantly shaped the political representation of the depressed classes, now known as Scheduled Castes (SC). The Poona Pact was an agreement between Hindus and the Depressed Classes and was signed by 23 people including Madan Mohan Malaviya, on behalf of Hindus and Dr Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar on behalf of The Depressed Classes.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ramachandra Guha</span> Indian historian and writer

Ramachandra "Ram" Guha is an Indian historian, environmentalist, writer and public intellectual whose research interests include social, political, contemporary, environmental and cricket history, and the field of economics. He is an important authority on the history of modern India.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sagarika Ghose</span> Indian writer and journalist (born 1964)

Sagarika Ghose is an Indian politician, journalist, columnist and author. She has been a journalist since 1991 and has worked at The Times of India, Outlook and The Indian Express. She was a prime time anchor for BBC World on Question Time India and on the news network CNN-IBN, also being the deputy editor for the latter. Ghose has won several awards in journalism and is the author of two novels, as well as the biography of Indira Gandhi, Indira: India's Most Powerful Prime Minister. She is currently the consulting editor of The Times of India. In 2022, her biography of former Indian Prime Minister, Atal Bihari Vajpayee was released.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1951–52 Indian general election</span>

General elections were held in India between 25 October 1951 and 21 February 1952, the first after India attained independence in 1947. Voters elected the 489 members of the first Lok Sabha, the lower house of the Parliament of India. Elections to most of the state legislatures were held simultaneously.

A padayatra is a journey undertaken by politicians or prominent citizens to interact more closely with different parts of society, educate about issues concerning them, and galvanize his or her supporters. Padayatras or foot pilgrimages are also Hindu religious pilgrimages undertaken towards sacred shrines or pilgrimage sites.

<i>India After Gandhi</i> Non-fictional book by Ramachandra Guha

India After Gandhi: The History of the World's Largest Democracy is a non-fiction book by Indian historian Ramachandra Guha. First published by HarperCollins in August 2007.

A.R. Venkatachalapathy is an Indian historian, author and translator who writes and publishes in Tamil and English. Currently he is a professor at the Madras Institute of Development Studies (MIDS). He is noted for collecting and publishing the works of Tamil writer Pudhumaipithan.

Bibi Amtus Salam was a social worker and disciple of Mohandas Gandhi who played an active role in combating communal violence in the wake of the Partition of India and in the rehabilitation of refugees who came to India following partition.

<i>Annihilation of Caste</i> Book by Dr B. R. Ambedkar

Annihilation of Caste is an undelivered speech written in 1936 by B. R. Ambedkar. The speech was to be delivered at an anti-caste convention held in Lahore by Hindu reformers. However, upon reviewing the written speech, the conference organizers deemed it too controversial, and subsequently revoked Ambedkar's invitation to the conference. Ambedkar proceeded to self-publish the speech, which gained widespread popularity and prompted translations into multiple Indian languages.

<i>Ram ke Naam</i> 1992 Indian film

Ram ke Naam is a 1992 documentary by Indian filmmaker Anand Patwardhan. The film explores the campaign waged by the right-wing Hindu nationalist organisation Vishva Hindu Parishad to build a temple to the Hindu deity Ram at the site of the Babri Masjid in Ayodhya, as well as the communal violence that it triggered. A couple of months after Ram ke Naam was released, activists of the VHP and other Hindu nationalist groups demolished the Babri Masjid in 1992, provoking further violence. The film earned Patwardhan a wide recognition, and received several national and international awards.

<i>Makers of Modern India</i> Book by Ramachandra Guha

Makers of Modern India is a non-fiction book written by Indian historian-scholar Ramachandra Guha and published by Penguin India in 2010. The book features profiles of selected personalities that laid the foundation of modern India: Ram Mohan Roy, Syed Ahmad Khan, Khuda Bakhsh, Jotirao Phule, Gopal Krishna Gokhale, Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Tarabai Shinde, Mahatma Gandhi, Rabindranath Tagore, B. R. Ambedkar, Mohammad Ali Jinnah, Periyar, Kamala Devi Chattopadhyay, Jawaharlal Nehru, M. S. Golwalkar, Rammanohar Lohia, Jayaprakash Narayan, C. Rajagopalachari, Verrier Elwin, and Hamid Dalwai.

References

  1. 1 2 3 "The Greatest Indian: Terms of Use" . Retrieved 3 March 2013.
  2. 1 2 "The Greatest Indian: FAQ". Archived from the original on 13 October 2013. Retrieved 4 September 2022.
  3. 1 2 3 4 Guha, Ramachandra (21 July 2012). "The Hindu, 21 July 2012: Indians great, greater, greatest?". The Hindu. Retrieved 2 March 2013.
  4. ↑ "Indian Television, 18 May 2012: History TV18, CNN IBN name jury members for 'The Greatest Indian'". 18 May 2012. Retrieved 2 March 2013.
  5. ↑ "TwoCircles.net, 5 June 2012: Now vote for 'The Greatest Indian'". 5 June 2012. Retrieved 2 March 2013.
  6. ↑ "India Info Online, 3 July 2012: HISTORY TV18 & CNN IBN reveals names of 'The Greatest Indian'" . Retrieved 2 March 2013.
  7. 1 2 "Outlook, 11 June 2012: The Greatest Indian After Gandhi" . Retrieved 2 March 2013.
  8. ↑ "The Hindu Business Line, 14 August 2012: Ambedkar voted "Greatest Indian" in poll" . Retrieved 2 March 2013.
  9. ↑ "Asian Human Rights Commission, 16 August 2012: INDIA: Dr. B.R. Ambedkar – the greatest Indian" . Retrieved 2 March 2013.
  10. ↑ "Indian Television, 13 August 2012: 'Dr. B R Ambedkar is 'The Greatest Indian after the Mahatma'" . Retrieved 2 March 2013.
  11. ↑ "A Measure of the Man". Outlook. 20 August 2012.
  12. ↑ "Profile: Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar". Encyclopædia Britannica. Archived from the original on 7 September 2015. Retrieved 13 September 2015.
  13. ↑ "Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar | Columbia Global Centers".
  14. ↑ "As India's Constitution Turns 70, Opposing Sides Fight over its Author's Legacy". 25 January 2020.
  15. ↑ "Some Facts of Constituent Assembly". Parliament of India. National Informatics Centre. Archived from the original on 11 May 2011. Retrieved 12 May 2014.
  16. ↑ Jain, Anurodh Lalit (14 April 2013). "Let's help realise the vision of Ambedkar for Dalits". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 14 December 2016. Retrieved 7 November 2015.
  17. ↑ Vajpeyi, Ananya (27 August 2015). "Owning Ambedkar sans his views". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 7 January 2016. Retrieved 7 November 2015.
  18. ↑ "Doctor Ambedkar + Sangharakshita: Bringing Buddhism Back to India | Stories from the Buddhist Centre Online".
  19. ↑ "Non-Violence is Not the Be-All and End-All of Buddha's Revolutionary Teachings".
  20. ↑ "Bio-data: Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam". Press Information Bureau (PIB). 26 July 2002. Archived from the original on 13 May 2014. Retrieved 12 May 2014.
  21. ↑ "Former President of India". The President's Secretariat. Archived from the original on 16 October 2014. Retrieved 12 May 2014.
  22. ↑ "PM Modi pays tributes to Sardar Patel on his death anniversary". New Delhi: IBN Live. 15 December 2014. Archived from the original on 26 December 2015. Retrieved 13 September 2015.
  23. ↑ ""TIME Magazine Cover: Vallabhbhai Patel – Jan. 27, 1947"".{{cite magazine}}: Cite magazine requires |magazine= (help)
  24. ↑ "Patel's communalism—a documented record". Frontline. 13 December 2013. Archived from the original on 2 January 2016. Retrieved 6 November 2015.{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  25. ↑ "Profile: Vallabhbhai Jhaverbhai Patel". Encyclopædia Britannica. Archived from the original on 2 November 2015. Retrieved 11 October 2015.
  26. 1 2 3 "Prime Ministers of India". Prime Minister's Office (India). Archived from the original on 9 October 2014. Retrieved 12 May 2014.
  27. ↑ Guha, Ramachandra (11 January 2014). "Leave it to history: India's best and worst prime ministerse". The Telegraph. Calcutta. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 12 September 2015.
  28. ↑ "Profile: Blessed Mother Teresa". Encyclopædia Britannica. Archived from the original on 6 September 2015. Retrieved 13 September 2015.
  29. ↑ "Profile: J.R.D. Tata". Encyclopædia Britannica. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 13 September 2015.
  30. ↑ Shah, Shashank; Ramamoorthy, V.E. (2013). Soulful Corporations: A Values-Based Perspective on Corporate Social Responsibility. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 149. ISBN   978-81-322-1275-1. Archived from the original on 28 February 2018.
  31. ↑ Thelikorala, Sulakshi (18 November 2011). "Indira Gandhi: Iron Lady of India". Asian Tribune. World Institute For Asian Studies. Archived from the original on 1 January 2016. Retrieved 13 September 2015.
  32. ↑ "Profile: Indira Gandhi". Encyclopædia Britannica. Archived from the original on 5 September 2015. Retrieved 13 September 2015.
  33. ↑ "Profile: Sachin Tendulkar". Encyclopædia Britannica. Archived from the original on 6 September 2015. Retrieved 18 September 2015.
  34. ↑ "Records/Combined Test, ODI and T20I records/Batting records; Most runs in career". ESPNcricinfo. 13 September 2015. Archived from the original on 21 November 2013. Retrieved 18 September 2015.
  35. ↑ "Profile of Shri Atal Behari Bajpayee". Press Information Bureau (PIB). Archived from the original on 10 August 2015. Retrieved 18 September 2015.
  36. ↑ "India's Nightingale Lata Mangeshkar turns 82 today". Firstpost. 28 September 2011. Archived from the original on 30 January 2012. Retrieved 9 June 2014.
  37. ↑ Gulzar, Nihalani & Chatterjee 2003, pp. 486, 487.
  38. ↑ "Lata Mangeshkar pays her respects to Dadasaheb Phalke". 30 April 2016.
  39. ↑ List of 50 Nominees for the Greatest Indian
  40. ↑ "Outlook, 20 August 2012: A Case For Bhim Rajya" . Retrieved 3 March 2013.

Sources

This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.