Tin(IV) bromide

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Tin(IV) bromide
SnBr4a1.svg
SnBr4-xtal-packing-3D-bs-17.png
Names
IUPAC name
tetrabromostannate
Other names
tin tetrabromide, stannic bromide, bromostannic acid
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.029.258 OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg
EC Number
  • 232-184-5
PubChem CID
UNII
  • InChI=1S/4BrH.Sn/h4*1H;/q;;;;+4/p-4 X mark.svgN
    Key: LTSUHJWLSNQKIP-UHFFFAOYSA-J X mark.svgN
  • InChI=1/4BrH.Sn/h4*1H;/q;;;;+4/p-4
    Key: LTSUHJWLSNQKIP-XBHQNQODAB
  • Br[Sn](Br)(Br)Br
Properties
SnBr4
Molar mass 438.33 g/mol
Appearancecolourless [1]
Density 3.340 g/cm3 (at 35 °C) [1]
Melting point 31 °C (88 °F; 304 K) [1]
Boiling point 205 °C (401 °F; 478 K) [1]
soluble
−149.0·10−6 cm3/mol
Related compounds
Other anions
Tin(IV) fluoride
Tin(IV) chloride
Tin(IV) iodide
Other cations
Carbon tetrabromide
Silicon tetrabromide
Germanium tetrabromide
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Tin(IV) bromide is the chemical compound SnBr4. It is a colourless low melting solid. [1]

Contents

Structure

SnBr4 crystallises in a monoclinic crystal system with molecular SnBr4 units that have distorted tetrahedral geometry. [2] The mean Sn-Br bond length is 242.3 pm. [3]

Preparation

SnBr4 can be prepared by reaction of the elements at standard temperature and pressure (STP): [4] [ page needed ]

Sn + 2Br
2 → SnBr
4

Reactions

In aqueous solution SnBr4 dissolves to give a series of octahedral (six-ligated) bromo-aquo complexes. These include SnBr4(H2O)2 and cis- and trans-[SnBr2(H2O)4]2+. [5]

SnBr4 forms 1:1 and 1:2 complexes with ligands. With trimethylphosphine both SnBr4·P(CH3)3 and SnBr4·2P(CH3)3. [6]

Tin(IV) bromide undergoes redistribution with tin(IV) chloride as assessed by 119Sn NMR and Raman spectroscopy. Equilibrium is achieved in seconds at room temperature. By contrast, halide exchange for related germanium and especially silicon halides is slower. [7]

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN   978-0-08-037941-8.
  2. ↑ Brand, P.; Sackmann, H. (1963). "Die Kristallstruktur von SnBr4" [The Crystal Structure of SnBr4]. Acta Crystallographica (in German). 16 (6): 446–451. Bibcode:1963AcCry..16..446B. doi:10.1107/S0365110X63001250.
  3. ↑ Reuter, H.; Pawlak, R. (2001). "Zinnhalogenverbindungen. II. Die Molekül- und Kristallstrukturen von Zinn(IV)-bromid und -iodid" [Tin halogen compounds. II. The Molecular and Crystal Structures of Tin(IV) Bromide and Tin(IV) Iodide]. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie – Crystalline Materials (in German). 216 (1–2001): 34–38. Bibcode:2001ZK....216...34R. doi:10.1524/zkri.216.1.34.18992. S2CID   94609783.
  4. ↑ Wiberg, Egon; Wiberg, Nils; Holleman, Arnold Frederick (2001). Inorganic Chemistry. Academic Press, Elsevier. ISBN   978-0-12-352651-9. OCLC   1024925228.
  5. ↑ Taylor, M. J.; Coddington, J. M. (1992). "The constitution of aqueous tin(IV) chloride and bromide solutions and solvent extracts studied by 119Sn NMR and vibrational spectroscopy". Polyhedron. 11 (12): 1531–1544. doi:10.1016/S0277-5387(00)83148-4.
  6. ↑ Frieson, D. K.; Ozin, G. A. (1973). "Preparation, Infrared and Raman Spectra, and Stereochemistries of Pentacoordinate Trimethylphosphine Complexes, MX4•P(CH3)3 and MX4•P(CD3)3 where M = Ge or Sn and X = Cl or Br". Canadian Journal of Chemistry. 51 (16): 2697–2709. doi:10.1139/v73-406.
  7. ↑ Lockhart, J. C. (1965). "Redistribution and Exchange Reactions in Groups IIB-VIIB". Chemical Reviews. 65: 131–151. doi:10.1021/cr60233a004.
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