Tin triphosphide

Tin triphosphide

Identifiers
CAS Number	37367-13-8  Y
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
SMILES [Sn+2].[Sn+4].[P-]1=[P-][P-]=[P-][P-]=[P-]1
Properties
Chemical formula	P3Sn
Molar mass	211.631 g·mol−1
Appearance	black solid
Density	4.25 g/cm3
Melting point	580 °C (1,076 °F; 853 K)
Solubility in water	insoluble
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). Infobox references

Tin triphosphide is a binary inorganic compound of tin metal and phosphorus with the chemical formula SnP₃. ^[1]

Structure

Close up on the structure of SnP₃, highlighting the bonding around P (violet) and Sn (gray).

X-ray crystallography reveals that tin triphosphide is not a triphosphide. It is a hexaphosphide, with P₆^6- rings. These ruffled P₆ rings form three short (2.66 Å) and three long (2.95 Å) Sn-P bonds. The result is that Sn(II) adopts highly distorted octahedral geometry. The structure of tin triphosphide resembles that of gray arsenic, which also features corrugated, linked six-membered (As₆) rings, wherein each arsenic atom has a highly distorted octahedral geometry. Germanium triphosphide and tin triphosphide are similar structurally as well.

Tin triphosphide forms triclinic crystals, spatial group R3m with six formula units in a unit cell of dimensions a = 7.378 Å and c = 10.512 Å. ^{[2] [3]}

Preparation and occurrence

Tin triphosphide can be formed from the fusion of stoichiometric amounts of both elements at 580 °C:

Sn + 3P → SnP₃

SnP₃ has been evaluated for use in energy storage devices. ^[4]

Related compounds

• SnP, which has the sodium chloride structure. ^[5]
• Sn₄P₃ ^[6]

References

1. Jacobson, Carl Alfred; Hampel, Clifford A. (1946). Encyclopedia of Chemical Reactions. Reinhold Publishing Corporation. p. 15. Retrieved 28 March 2024.
2. Gullman, Jan; Olofsson, Olle (1 November 1972). "The crystal structure of SnP₃ and a note on the crystal structure of GeP₃". Journal of Solid State Chemistry . 5 (3): 441–445. doi:10.1016/0022-4596(72)90091-6. ISSN   0022-4596 . Retrieved 28 March 2024.
3. "mp-7541: SnP3 (trigonal, R-3m, 166)". Materials Project . Retrieved 28 March 2024.
4. Yan, Miaomiao; Yang, Bingchao; Sun, Xiujie; Wang, Zhixiu; Jiang, Xingang; Yi, Wencai; Sun, Hairui; Yang, Ruilong; Ding, Hao; Yue, Dongdong; Zhai, Kun; Li, Yueqing; Chen, Xin; Zhang, Yongsheng; Liu, Xiaobing (1 January 2024). "High-Quality 2D SnP₃ Nanosheets: Novel Flexible Electrode for Energy Storage Device Application with Wide Temperature Adaptivity". ACS Materials Letters. 6 (1): 194–202. doi:10.1021/acsmaterialslett.3c01438. ISSN   2639-4979 . Retrieved 28 March 2024.
5. Donohue, Paul C. (1970). "Synthesis, Structure, and Superconducting Properties of New High-Pressure Forms of Tin Phosphide". Inorganic Chemistry. 9 (2): 335–337. doi:10.1021/ic50084a032.
6. Olofsson, Olle; Jerslev, Bodil; Thom, Erling; Stoll, E.; Eriksson, G.; Blinc, R.; Paušak, S.; Ehrenberg, L.; Dumanović, J. (1967). "On the Crystal Structure of Sn₄P₃". Acta Chemica Scandinavica. 21: 1659–1660. doi:10.3891/acta.chem.scand.21-1659.