| Names | |
|---|---|
| Other names Phosphanylidyneniobium | |
| Identifiers | |
3D model (JSmol) | |
| ChemSpider | |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.031.633 |
| EC Number |
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PubChem CID | |
CompTox Dashboard (EPA) | |
| |
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| Properties | |
| NbP | |
| Molar mass | 123.88 |
| Appearance | Dark-gray crystals |
| Density | 6,48 g/cm3 |
| Insoluble | |
| Structure | |
| Tetragonal | |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). | |
Niobium phosphide is an inorganic compound of niobium and phosphorus with the chemical formula NbP. [1]
Sintering powdered niobium and phosphorus:
The compound is a unique material combining topological and conventional electronic phases. Its superfast electrons demonstrate extremely large magnetoresistance, so NbP may be suitable for use in new electronic components. [2]
Niobium phosphide forms dark gray crystals of the tetragonal system, space group I 41md, cell parameters a = 0.3334 nm, c = 1.1378 nm, Z = 4. [3]
It does not dissolve in water.
Niobium phosphide, like tantalum arsenide TaAs, is a topological Weyl semimetal. [4] [5]
The compound is a semiconductor used in high power, high frequency applications and in laser diodes. [1]
Niobium, or columbium, is a chemical element with the chemical symbol Nb and atomic number 41. Niobium is a light grey, crystalline, and ductile transition metal. Pure niobium has a Mohs hardness rating similar to pure titanium, and it has similar ductility to iron. Niobium oxidizes in Earth's atmosphere very slowly, hence its application in jewelry as a hypoallergenic alternative to nickel. Niobium is often found in the minerals pyrochlore and columbite, hence the former name "columbium". Its name comes from Greek mythology: Niobe, daughter of Tantalus, the namesake of tantalum. The name reflects the great similarity between the two elements in their physical and chemical properties, which makes them difficult to distinguish.
Tantalum is a chemical element with the symbol Ta and atomic number 73. Previously known as tantalium, it is named after Tantalus, a villain from Greek mythology. Tantalum is a rare, hard, blue-gray, lustrous transition metal that is highly corrosion-resistant. It is part of the refractory metals group, which are widely used as minor components in alloys.
Phosphine is a colorless, flammable, highly toxic compound with the chemical formula PH3, classed as a pnictogen hydride. Pure phosphine is odorless, but technical grade samples have a highly unpleasant odor like rotting fish, due to the presence of substituted phosphine and diphosphane. With traces of P2H4 present, PH3 is spontaneously flammable in air (pyrophoric), burning with a luminous flame. Phosphine is a highly toxic respiratory poison, and is immediately dangerous to life or health at 50 ppm. Phosphine has a trigonal pyramidal structure.
In physics, the Kondo effect describes the scattering of conduction electrons in a metal due to magnetic impurities, resulting in a characteristic change i.e. a minimum in electrical resistivity with temperature. The cause of the effect was first explained by Jun Kondo, who applied third-order perturbation theory to the problem to account for scattering of s-orbital conduction electrons off d-orbital electrons localized at impurities. Kondo's calculation predicted that the scattering rate and the resulting part of the resistivity should increase logarithmically as the temperature approaches 0 K. Experiments in the 1960s by Myriam Sarachik at Bell Laboratories provided the first data that confirmed the Kondo effect. Extended to a lattice of magnetic impurities, the Kondo effect likely explains the formation of heavy fermions and Kondo insulators in intermetallic compounds, especially those involving rare earth elements such as cerium, praseodymium, and ytterbium, and actinide elements such as uranium. The Kondo effect has also been observed in quantum dot systems.
Cadmium arsenide (Cd3As2) is an inorganic semimetal in the II-V family. It exhibits the Nernst effect.
In chemistry, a phosphide is a compound containing the P3− ion or its equivalent. Many different phosphides are known, with widely differing structures. Most commonly encountered on the binary phosphides, i.e. those materials consisting only of phosphorus and a less electronegative element. Numerous are polyphosphides, which are solids consisting of anionic chains or clusters of phosphorus. Phosphides are known with the majority of less electronegative elements with the exception of Hg, Pb, Sb, Bi, Te, and Po. Finally, some phosphides are molecular.
In chemistry, an arsenide is a compound of arsenic with a less electronegative element or elements. Many metals form binary compounds containing arsenic, and these are called arsenides. They exist with many stoichiometries, and in this respect arsenides are similar to phosphides.
Tungsten(IV) telluride (WTe2) is an inorganic semimetallic chemical compound. In October 2014, tungsten ditelluride was discovered to exhibit an extremely large magnetoresistance: 13 million percent resistance increase in a magnetic field of 60 Tesla at 0.5 Kelvin. The resistance is proportional to the square of the magnetic field and shows no saturation. This may be due to the material being the first example of a compensated semimetal, in which the number of mobile holes is the same as the number of electrons. Tungsten ditelluride has layered structure, similar to many other transition metal dichalcogenides, but its layers are so distorted that the honeycomb lattice many of them have in common is in WTe2 hard to recognize. The tungsten atoms instead form zigzag chains, which are thought to behave as one-dimensional conductors. Unlike electrons in other two dimensional semiconductors, the electrons in WTe2 can easily move between the layers.
Weyl fermions are massless chiral fermions embodying the mathematical concept of a Weyl spinor. Weyl spinors in turn play an important role in quantum field theory and the Standard Model, where they are a building block for fermions in quantum field theory. Weyl spinors are a solution to the Dirac equation derived by Hermann Weyl, called the Weyl equation. For example, one-half of a charged Dirac fermion of a definite chirality is a Weyl fermion.
Dirac cones, named after Paul Dirac, are features that occur in some electronic band structures that describe unusual electron transport properties of materials like graphene and topological insulators. In these materials, at energies near the Fermi level, the valence band and conduction band take the shape of the upper and lower halves of a conical surface, meeting at what are called Dirac points.
The term Dirac matter refers to a class of condensed matter systems which can be effectively described by the Dirac equation. Even though the Dirac equation itself was formulated for fermions, the quasi-particles present within Dirac matter can be of any statistics. As a consequence, Dirac matter can be distinguished in fermionic, bosonic or anyonic Dirac matter. Prominent examples of Dirac matter are Graphene, topological insulators, Dirac semimetals, Weyl semimetals, various high-temperature superconductors with -wave pairing and liquid Helium-3. The effective theory of such systems is classified by a specific choice of the Dirac mass, the Dirac velocity, the Dirac matrices and the space-time curvature. The universal treatment of the class of Dirac matter in terms of an effective theory leads to a common features with respect to the density of states, the heat capacity and impurity scattering.
Kagome metal is a ferromagnetic quantum material that was first used in literature in 2011 for a compound of Fe3Sn2. However, this material had been created for several decades. In this material, metal atoms are arranged in a lattice resembling the Japanese kagome basket weaving pattern. The same material has also been termed as "kagome magnet" since 2018. Kagome metal (or magnets) refer to a new class of magnetic quantum materials hosting kagome lattice and topological band structure. They include 3-1 materials (example: antiferromagnet Mn3Sn), 1-1 materials (example: paramagnet CoSn), 1-6-6 materials (example: ferrimagnet TbMn6Sn6), 3-2-2 materials (example: hard ferromagnet Co3Sn2S2), and 3-2 materials (example: soft ferromagnet Fe3Sn2), thus demonstrating a variety of crystal and magnetic structures. They generally feature a 3d transition metal based magnetic kagome lattice with an in-plane lattice constant ~5.5Å. Their 3d electrons dominate the low-energy electronic structure in these quantum materials, thus exhibiting electronic correlation. Crucially, the kagome lattice electrons generally feature Dirac band crossings and flat band, which are the source for nontrivial band topology. Moreover, they all contain the heavy element Sn, which can provide strong spin-orbit coupling to the system. Therefore, this is an ideal system to explore the rich interplay between geometry, correlation, and topology.
Phosphorus monoxide is an unstable radical inorganic compound with molecular formula PO.
Zinc cadmium phosphide arsenide (Zn-Cd-P-As) is a quaternary system of group II (IUPAC group 12) and group V (IUPAC group 15) elements. Many of the inorganic compounds in the system are II-V semiconductor materials. The quaternary system of II3V2 compounds, (Zn1−xCdx)3(P1−yAsy)2, has been shown to allow solid solution continuously over the whole compositional range. This material system and its subsets have applications in electronics, optoelectronics, including photovoltaics, and thermoelectrics.
Lithium phosphide is an inorganic compound of lithium and phosphorus with the chemical formula Li
3P.
Lutetium phosphide is an inorganic compound of lutetium and phosphorus with the chemical formula LuP. The compound forms dark crystals, does not dissolve in water.
Praseodymium phosphide is an inorganic compound of praseodymium and phosphorus with the chemical formula PrP. The compound forms crystals.
Samarium phosphide is an inorganic compound of samarium and phosphorus with the chemical formula SmP.
Lanthanum phosphide is an inorganic compound of lanthanum and phosphorus with the chemical formula LaP.
Phosphide bromides or bromide phosphides are compounds containing anions composed of bromide (Br−) and phosphide (P3−) anions. Usually phosphorus is covalently connected into more complex structures. They can be considered as mixed anion compounds. They are in the category of pnictidehalides. Related compounds include the phosphide chlorides, phosphide iodides, nitride bromides, arsenide bromides, and antimonide bromides.
