Triclabendazole

Triclabendazole
Clinical data
Trade names	Fasinex, Egaten, others
AHFS/Drugs.com	Monograph
MedlinePlus	a619048
License data	US DailyMed: Triclabendazole ;
Routes of; administration	By mouth
ATC code	P02BX04 ( WHO ) QP52AC01 ( WHO );
Legal status
Legal status	US: ℞-only ;
Pharmacokinetic data
Metabolism	Oxidation to sulfone and sulfoxide metabolites
Elimination half-life	22–24 hours
Excretion	Feces (>95%), urine (2%), milk (<1%)
Identifiers
	IUPAC name 5-Chloro-6-(2,3-dichlorophenoxy)-2-(methylthio)-1H-benzimidazole;
CAS Number	68786-66-3 ;
PubChem CID	50248 ;
ChemSpider	45565 ;
UNII	4784C8E03O ;
KEGG	D07364 ;
ChEMBL	ChEMBL1086440 ;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID7043952 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.127.414
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C14H9Cl3N2OS
Molar mass	359.65 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image ;
Melting point	175 to 176 °C (347 to 349 °F)
	SMILES CSc3nc2cc(Cl)c(Oc1cccc(Cl)c1Cl)cc2[nH]3;
	InChI InChI=1S/C14H9Cl3N2OS/c1-21-14-18-9-5-8(16)12(6-10(9)19-14)20-11-4-2-3-7(15)13(11)17/h2-6H,1H3,(H,18,19) ; Key:NQPDXQQQCQDHHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N ;
	(what is this?) (verify)

Last updated March 15, 2024

Triclabendazole, sold under the brand name Egaten among others, is a medication used to treat fascioliasis and paragonimiasis.^[1] It is very effective for both conditions.^[1] Treatment in hospital may be required.^[1] It is taken by mouth with typically one or two doses being required.^[1]

Side effects are generally few, but can include abdominal pain and headaches.^[1] Biliary colic may occur due to dying worms.^[2] While no harm has been found with use during pregnancy, triclabendazole has not been studied well in this population.^[2] It is a member of the benzimidazole family of medications for worms.^[1]

Triclabendazole was approved for medical use in the United States in 2019.^[3]^[4] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.^[5] For human use, it can be obtained from the World Health Organization.^[2] It is also used in animals.^[6]

Chemistry

It is a member of the benzimidazole family of anthelmintics. The benzimidazole drugs share a common molecular structure, triclabendazole being the exception in having a chlorinated benzene ring but no carbamate group. Benzimidazoles such as triclabendazole are generally accepted to bind to beta-tubulin therefore preventing the polymerization of microtubules.^{[ citation needed ]}

History

Since late 1990s, triclabendazole became available as a generic drug, as patents expired in many countries. Many products were developed then. Among them, Trivantel 15, a 15% triclabendazole suspension, was launched by Agrovet Market Animal Health in the early 2000s. In 2009, the first triclabendazole injectable solution (combined with ivermectin) was developed and launched, also by Agrovet Market Animal Health. The product, Fasiject Plus, a triclabendazole 36% and ivermectin 0.6% solution, is designed to treat infections by Fasciola hepatica (both immature and adult liver flukes), roundworms and ectoparasites, as well.^{[ citation needed ]}

Fasinex is a brand name for veterinary use while Egaten is a brand name for human use.^{[ citation needed ]}

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Filgrastim</span> Medication

Filgrastim, sold under the brand name Neupogen among others, is a medication used to treat low neutrophil count. Low neutrophil counts may occur with HIV/AIDS, following chemotherapy or radiation poisoning, or be of an unknown cause. It may also be used to increase white blood cells for gathering during leukapheresis. It is given either by injection into a vein or under the skin. Filgrastim is a leukocyte growth factor.

Emtricitabine, with trade name Emtriva, is a nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) for the prevention and treatment of HIV infection in adults and children. In 2019, it was the 494th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 3 thousand prescriptions.

Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, also known as co-amoxiclav or amox-clav, sold under the brand name Augmentin, among others, is an antibiotic medication used for the treatment of a number of bacterial infections. It is a combination consisting of amoxicillin, a β-lactam antibiotic, and potassium clavulanate, a β-lactamase inhibitor. It is specifically used for otitis media, streptococcal pharyngitis, pneumonia, cellulitis, urinary tract infections, and animal bites. It is taken by mouth or by injection into a vein.

Ivermectin is an antiparasitic drug. After its discovery in 1975, its first uses were in veterinary medicine to prevent and treat heartworm and acariasis. Approved for human use in 1987, it is used to treat infestations including head lice, scabies, river blindness (onchocerciasis), strongyloidiasis, trichuriasis, ascariasis and lymphatic filariasis. It works through many mechanisms to kill the targeted parasites, and can be taken by mouth, or applied to the skin for external infestations. It belongs to the avermectin family of medications.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cefixime</span> A third generation cephalosporin antibiotic

Cefixime, sold under the brand name Suprax among others, is an antibiotic medication used to treat a number of bacterial infections. These infections include otitis media, strep throat, pneumonia, urinary tract infections, gonorrhea, and Lyme disease. For gonorrhea typically only one dose is required. In the United States it is a second-line treatment to ceftriaxone for gonorrhea. It is taken by mouth.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tinidazole</span> Chemical compound

Tinidazole, sold under the brand name Tindamax among others, is a medication used against protozoan infections. It is widely known throughout Europe and the developing world as a treatment for a variety of anaerobic amoebic and bacterial infections. It was developed in 1972 and is a prominent member of the nitroimidazole antibiotic class.

Calamine, also known as calamine lotion, is a medication made from powdered calamine mineral that is used to treat mild itchiness. Conditions treated include sunburn, insect bites, poison ivy, poison oak, and other mild skin conditions. It may also help dry out skin irritation. It is applied on the skin as a cream or lotion.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Vinorelbine</span> Pharmaceutical drug

Vinorelbine (NVB), sold under the brand name Navelbine among others, is a chemotherapy medication used to treat a number of types of cancer. This includes breast cancer and non-small cell lung cancer. It is given by injection into a vein or by mouth.

Rifabutin (Rfb) is an antibiotic used to treat tuberculosis and prevent and treat Mycobacterium avium complex. It is typically only used in those who cannot tolerate rifampin such as people with HIV/AIDS on antiretrovirals. For active tuberculosis it is used with other antimycobacterial medications. For latent tuberculosis it may be used by itself when the exposure was with drug-resistant TB.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sulfadiazine</span> Chemical compound

Sulfadiazine is an antibiotic. Used together with pyrimethamine, a dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor, it is the treatment of choice for toxoplasmosis, which is caused by a protozoan parasite. It is a second-line treatment for otitis media, prophylaxis of rheumatic fever, chancroid, chlamydia, and infections by Haemophilus influenzae. It is also used as adjunct therapy for chloroquine-resistant malaria and several forms of bacterial meningitis. It is taken by mouth. Sulfadiazine is available in multiple generic tablets of 500 mg. For urinary tract infections, the usual dose is 4 to 6 grams daily in 3 to 6 divided doses.

Rifampicin/isoniazid/pyrazinamide, also known as rifampin/isoniazid/pyrazinamide, and sold under the trade name Rifater, is a medication used to treat tuberculosis. It is a fixed dose combination of rifampicin, isoniazid, and pyrazinamide. It is used either by itself or along with other antituberculosis medication. It is taken by mouth.

Efavirenz/emtricitabine/tenofovir, sold under the brand name Atripla among others, is a fixed-dose combination antiretroviral medication used to treat HIV/AIDS. It contains efavirenz, emtricitabine, and tenofovir disoproxil. It can be used by itself or together with other antiretroviral medications. It is taken by mouth.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ciclesonide</span> Chemical compound

Ciclesonide is a glucocorticoid used to treat asthma and allergic rhinitis. It is marketed under the brand names Alvesco for asthma and Omnaris, Omniair, Zetonna, and Alvesco for hay fever in the US and Canada.

Insulin detemir, sold under the brand name Levemir among others, is a long-acting modified form of medical insulin used to treat both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. It is used by injection under the skin. It is effective for up to 24 hours.

Abacavir/lamivudine, sold under the brand name Kivexa among others, is a fixed-dose combination antiretroviral medication used to treat HIV/AIDS. It contains abacavir and lamivudine. It is generally recommended for use with other antiretrovirals. It is commonly used as part of the preferred treatment in children. It is taken by mouth as a tablet.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pyrantel</span> Medication for parasitic worm infections

Pyrantel is a medication used to treat a number of parasitic worm infections. This includes ascariasis, hookworm infections, enterobiasis, trichostrongyliasis, and trichinellosis. It is taken by mouth.

Procaine benzylpenicillin also known as penicillin G procaine, is an antibiotic useful for the treatment of a number of bacterial infections. Specifically it is used for syphilis, anthrax, mouth infections, pneumonia, diphtheria, cellulitis, and animal bites. It is given by injection into a muscle.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Water for injection</span> Very clean, sterile water

Water for injection is water of extra high quality without significant contamination. A sterile version is used for making solutions that will be given by injection. Before such use other substances generally must be added to make the solution isotonic. Isotonic solutions containing water for injection can be given by injection into a vein, muscle, or under the skin. A non-sterile version may be used in manufacturing with sterilization occurring later in the production process.

Lamivudine/nevirapine/zidovudine (3TC/NVP/AZT) is a fixed-dose combination antiretroviral medication used to treat HIV/AIDS. It contains lamivudine, nevirapine, and zidovudine. It is either used by itself or along with other antiretrovirals. It is a recommended treatment in those who are pregnant. It is taken by mouth twice a day.

Dolutegravir/lamivudine/tenofovir (DTG/3TC/TDF) is a fixed-dose combination antiretroviral medication used to treat HIV/AIDS. It is a combination of dolutegravir, lamivudine, and tenofovir disoproxil. As of 2019, it is listed by the World Health Organization (WHO) as the first line treatment for adults, with tenofovir/lamivudine/efavirenz as an alternative. It is taken by mouth.

References

1 2 3 4 5 6 World Health Organization (2009). Stuart MC, Kouimtzi M, Hill SR (eds.). WHO Model Formulary 2008. World Health Organization. pp. 94, 96. hdl: 10665/44053 . ISBN 9789241547659.
1 2 3 Wolfe MM, Lowe RC (2014). "Benzimidazoles". Pocket Guide to GastrointestinaI Drugs. John Wiley & Sons. p. PT173. ISBN 9781118481554. Archived from the original on 20 December 2016.
↑ "Drug Trials Snapshots: Egaten". U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 13 February 2019.
↑ "Egaten (triclabendazole)" (PDF). FDA. Retrieved 18 February 2019.
↑ World Health Organization (2019). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/325771. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
↑ "Triclabendazole". Drugs.com. Archived from the original on 20 December 2016. Retrieved 10 December 2016.

Triclabendazole

Contents

Chemistry

History

Related Research Articles

References

Further reading