Milbemycin oxime

Milbemycin oxime

Clinical data
Trade names	Interceptor, others
License data	US  DailyMed:  Milbemycin oxime
Routes of administration	By mouth
ATCvet code	QP54AB01 ( WHO )
Legal status
Legal status	US: ℞-only [1]
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	5–10%
Metabolism	Liver
Excretion	Bile duct
Identifiers
CAS Number	129496-10-2  Y
UNII	0502PUN0GT
ECHA InfoCard	100.205.451
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C31H43NO7 (30%) C32H45NO7 (70%)
Molar mass	541.68 g/mol (30%) 555.702 g/mol (70%)
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Milbemycin oxime, sold under the brand name Interceptor among others, is a veterinary medication from the group of milbemycins, used as a broad spectrum antiparasitic. ^[1] It is active against worms (anthelmintic) ^[1] and mites (miticide). ^[2]

Mechanism of action

Milbemycins are products of fermentation by Streptomyces species. They have a similar mechanism of action, but a longer half-life than the avermectins. Milbemycin oxime is produced by Streptomyces hygroscopicus aureolacrimosus. It opens glutamate sensitive chloride channels in neurons and myocytes of invertebrates, leading to hyperpolarisation of these cells and blocking of signal transfer. ^[3]

Uses

Milbemycin oxime is active against a broad spectrum of nematodes. Its miticide spectrum includes Sarcoptes and Demodex . The drug is FDA-approved for prevention of heartworm in dogs and cats, ^[4] although it is less potent against heartworms than ivermectin.^{[ citation needed ]}

The substance is often combined with other parasiticides to achieve a broader spectrum of action. Such products include:^{[ citation needed ]}

• Milbemax and Interceptor Plus (with praziquantel)
• Sentinel Flavor Tabs (with lufenuron)
• Trifexis (with spinosad)
• Nexgard Spectra (with afoxolaner)

The drug has been used in marine reef aquaria to eliminate parasitic Tegastidae arthropod infestations on captive hard coral colonies. This treatment is not selective and will also kill desired arthropods such as shrimps and crabs. ^{[5] [6]}

Side effects

The drug is usually tolerated well, but such side effects may occur such as vomiting, phlegming, and glassy eyes.^{[ citation needed ]}

References

1. "Interceptor Flavor Tabs- milbemycin oxime tablet". DailyMed. Retrieved 4 August 2021.
2. Mueller, R. S. (2012). "An update on the therapy of canine demodicosis". Compendium (Yardley, Pa). 34 (4): E1-4. PMID   22488596.
3. Mehlhorn H (2008). Encyclopedia of Parasitology: A-M. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 646. ISBN   978-3-540-48994-8.
4. "NADA 140-915 Interceptor – supplemental approval (September 9, 1996)". Food and Drug Administration . Archived from the original on July 10, 2009.
5. Roberts HE (2011). Fundamentals of Ornamental Fish Health. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 93–94. ISBN   978-1-119-94948-0.
6. Lewbart GA (2011). Invertebrate Medicine. John Wiley & Sons. p. 71. ISBN   978-0-470-96078-3.