Diethylcarbamazine

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Diethylcarbamazine
Diethylcarbamazine.svg
Clinical data
Other namesDEC, N, N-diethyl-4-methyl-1-piperazine carboxamide
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Routes of
administration 		By mouth
ATC code
Legal status
Legal status
  • In general: ℞ (Prescription only)
Identifiers
  • N,N-diethyl-4-methylpiperazine-1-carboxamide
CAS Number
PubChem CID
DrugBank
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
ChEMBL
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
ECHA InfoCard 100.001.840 OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg
Chemical and physical data
Formula C10H21N3O
Molar mass 199.298 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
Melting point 47 to 49 °C (117 to 120 °F)
  • C1CN(C)CCN1C(=O)N(CC)CC
  • InChI=1S/C10H21N3O/c1-4-12(5-2)10(14)13-8-6-11(3)7-9-13/h4-9H2,1-3H3 Yes check.svgY
  • Key:RCKMWOKWVGPNJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Yes check.svgY
   (verify)

Diethylcarbamazine is a medication used in the treatment of filariasis including lymphatic filariasis, tropical pulmonary eosinophilia, and loiasis. [1] It may also be used for prevention of loiasis in those at high risk. [1] While it has been used for onchocerciasis (river blindness), ivermectin is preferred. [2] It is taken by mouth. [3]

Contents

Common side effects include itching, facial swelling, headaches, and feeling tired. [3] Other side effects include vision loss and dizziness. [3] It is a recommended treatment in pregnancy and appears to be safe for the baby. [4] [5] The World Health Organization; however, recommends waiting until after pregnancy for treatment when feasible. [2] It is made from 4-methyl-piperazine. [6]

Diethylcarbamazine was discovered in 1947 [7] by Yellapragada Subbarow. [8] [9] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. [10] It is not commercially available in the United States but can be acquired from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. [1]

Medical uses

Diethylcarbamazine is indicated for the treatment of people with certain filarial diseases, including lymphatic filariasis caused by infection with Wuchereria bancrofti , Brugia malayi , or Brugia timori ; loiasis and tropical pulmonary eosinophilia. [11] The WHO recommends prescribing diethylcarbamazine to people who are infected with microfilariae of filarial parasites and also to control transmission of infection in filariasis-endemic areas.[ citation needed ]

In India and China, diethylcarbamazine has been added to salt to combat lymphatic filariasis. [12]

Contraindications

Contraindications are previous history of heart problems, gastrointestinal problems, and allergies.[ medical citation needed ]

Diethylcarbamazine is contraindicated in patients who may have onchocerciasis, due to the risk of the Mazzotti reaction. [13]

Mechanism

Diethylcarbamazine is an inhibitor of arachidonic acid metabolism in microfilariae. This makes the microfilariae more susceptible to innate immune attack, but does not kill the parasites outright. [14]

Society and culture

Brand names

Brand names include Hetrazan, Carbilazine, Caricide, Cypip, Ethodryl, Notézine, Spatonin, Filaribits, Banocide Forte, and Eofil.[ citation needed ]

Veterinary uses

Diethylcarbamazine is used to prevent heartworm in dogs.[ citation needed ]

References

  1. 1 2 3 "Our Formulary Infectious Diseases Laboratories CDC". www.cdc.gov. 22 September 2016. Archived from the original on 16 December 2016. Retrieved 7 December 2016.
  2. 1 2 World Health Organization (2009). Stuart MC, Kouimtzi M, Hill SR (eds.). WHO Model Formulary 2008. World Health Organization. p. 91. hdl: 10665/44053 . ISBN   9789241547659.
  3. 1 2 3 "Diethylcarbamazine Advanced Patient Information - Drugs.com". www.drugs.com. Archived from the original on 20 December 2016. Retrieved 8 December 2016.
  4. ↑ Sweet RL, Gibbs RS (2009). Infectious Diseases of the Female Genital Tract. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 382. ISBN   9780781778152. Archived from the original on 2017-09-10.
  5. ↑ Herbert-Ashton M, Clarkson NE (2005). Quick Look Nursing: Pharmacology. Jones & Bartlett Learning. p. 48. ISBN   9780763735951. Archived from the original on 2017-09-10.
  6. ↑ "WHO Model Prescribing Information: Drugs Used in Parasitic Diseases - Second Edition: Helminths: Lymphatic filariasis: Diethylcarbamazine". apps.who.int. 1995. p. 152. Archived from the original on 20 November 2016. Retrieved 8 December 2016.
  7. ↑ Busvine J (2012). Disease Transmission by Insects: Its Discovery and 90 Years of Effort to Prevent it. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 260. ISBN   9783642457166. Archived from the original on 2017-09-10.
  8. ↑ Hewitt R, Wallace W (June 1948). "The treatment of ascariasis in dogs with 1-diethylcarbamyl-4-methylpiperazine hydrochloride". The Journal of Parasitology. 34 (3): 237–239. doi:10.2307/3273270. JSTOR   3273270. PMID   18867399. S2CID   43592055.
  9. ↑ Kamath P, Shenoy KA (2013). "Yellapragada Subba Rao: The Unsung Hero". Muller Journal of Medical Sciences and Research. 4 (2): 130–132. doi: 10.4103/0975-9727.118248 . S2CID   72843672.
  10. ↑ World Health Organization (2019). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl: 10665/325771 . WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
  11. ↑ Ottesen EA (1985). "Efficacy of diethylcarbamazine in eradicating infection with lymphatic-dwelling filariae in humans". Reviews of Infectious Diseases. 7 (3). Oxford University Press: 341–356. doi:10.1093/clinids/7.3.341. JSTOR   4453627. PMID   3895352.
  12. ↑ Lammie P, Milner T, Houston R (July 2007). "Unfulfilled potential: using diethylcarbamazine-fortified salt to eliminate lymphatic filariasis". Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 85 (7): 545–549. doi:10.2471/blt.06.034108. PMC   2636360 . PMID   17768503.
  13. ↑ "Lymphatic Filariasis - Resources for Health Professionals - Guidance for Evaluation and Treatment". U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 2020-10-26. Retrieved 2022-05-06.
  14. ↑ El-Shahawi GA, Abdel-Latif M, Saad AH, Bahgat M (December 2010). "Setaria equina: in vivo effect of diethylcarbamazine citrate on microfilariae in albino rats". Experimental Parasitology. 126 (4): 603–610. doi:10.1016/j.exppara.2010.06.022. PMID   20599991.
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