Oxfendazole

Last updated

Oxfendazole
Oxfendazole.svg
Clinical data
Trade names Synanthic, others
AHFS/Drugs.com International Drug Names
ATCvet code
Identifiers
  • methyl N-[6-(benzenesulfinyl)-1H-1,3-benzodiazol-2-yl]carbamate
CAS Number
PubChem CID
ChemSpider
UNII
ChEMBL
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
ECHA InfoCard 100.053.358 OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg
Chemical and physical data
Formula C15H13N3O3S
Molar mass 315.35 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
  • COC(=O)Nc1nc2ccc(S(=O)c3ccccc3)cc2[nH]1
  • InChI=1S/C15H13N3O3S/c1-21-15(19)18-14-16-12-8-7-11(9-13(12)17-14)22(20)10-5-3-2-4-6-10/h2-9H,1H3,(H2,16,17,18,19)
  • Key:BEZZFPOZAYTVHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Oxfendazole is a broad-spectrum benzimidazole anthelmintic. Its main use is for protecting livestock against roundworm, strongyles, and pinworms. [1] [2] Oxfendazole is the sulfoxide metabolite of fenbendazole. Like mebendazole, oxfendazole inhibits tubulin polymerization. [3]

Contents

Oxfendazole is an anthelmintic (wormer) compound used in veterinary practice. It comes under the chemical class of the benzimidazoles. This drug is rarely used in horses, [4] goats, sheep, and cattle. It is very scarcely applied on dogs and cats. The drug for livestock is majorly available in the form of pills, tablets, drenches, bolus, etc. They are meant for oral consumption. Several drenches are allowed for intraruminal injection in some of the countries. Few countries also prefer injectables and pour-ons. For pet dogs, the drug is available in the form of drenches.

Efficacy

Both oxfendazole and fenbendazole are efficacious against gastrointestinal lungworms and roundworms of livestock, adults, and L4-larvae of the significant species for example, of the genera Bunostomum , Haemonchus , Ostertagia , Oesophagostomum , Nematodirus , Teladorsagia , Cooperia , Trichostrongylus , Dictyocaulus , Trichuris , etc., including against arrested larvae of some of the species. [5] [6] [7] They are even highly efficient against majority of the tapeworms commonly found in livestock. [8] [9] [10] This drug works effectively against the main parasitic roundworms and tapeworms of dogs and cats. [11] [12]

The drug offers a small residual effect in ruminants unless and otherwise it is delivered by using a slow-release device. This essentially means that on a single administration, it will help in killing the parasites that are present in the host during the time of treatment and also prevent against reinfestations for some more days, but not weeks or months. The residual effect is comparatively shorter in nonruminants. The drug is not effective against flukes and external parasites at therapeutic doses.

Adverse effects

Since the toxicity of oxfendazole is quite low, it is generally well tolerated by most species. High oral doses can cause intoxication, though, resulting in loss of appetite, diarrhea, fever, cramps, nausea and vomiting, convulsions, hepatic and epicardial hemorrhage, allergic reactions, etc. Due to lack of research, use of oxfendazole in pregnant mares and bitches is not recommended, nor are oxfendazole tablets to treat dogs or cats. [13] A registered veterinarian must authorize the use of oxfendazole in any species.

Brand names

Oxfendazole is sold under brand names of Synanthic (suspension), [14] Benzelmin (paste), [15] and Anthelcide EQ (paste).

References

  1. ↑ "Oxfendazole".
  2. ↑ Gonzalez AE, Codd EE, Horton J, Garcia HH, Gilman RH (January 2019). "Oxfendazole: a promising agent for the treatment and control of helminth infections in humans". Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy. 17 (1): 51–56. doi:10.1080/14787210.2018.1555241. PMC   6376865 . PMID   30501436.
  3. ↑ Baksheeva VE, La Rocca R, Allegro D, Derviaux C, Pasquier E, Roche P, et al. (2025). "NanoDSF Screening for Anti-tubulin Agents Uncovers New Structure–Activity Insights". Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. doi:10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5c01008.
  4. ↑ Duncan JL, Reid JF (October 1978). "An evaluation of the efficacy of oxfendazole against the common nematode parasites of the horse". The Veterinary Record. 103 (15): 332–334. doi:10.1136/vr.103.15.332. PMID   364817.
  5. ↑ Jabbar A, Iqbal MZ, Ashraf M, Durrani AZ, Sajjad H, Wana MN, et al. (February 2022). "Effects of Ferula asafetida, closantel, albendazole, oxfendazole, and ivermectin against Haemonchus contortus in goats and sheep". Tropical Animal Health and Production. 54 (2) 107. doi:10.1007/s11250-022-03111-z. PMID   35187616.
  6. ↑ Williams JC, DeRosa A, Nakamura Y, Loyacano AF (December 1997). "Comparative efficacy of ivermectin pour-on, albendazole, oxfendazole and fenbendazole against Ostertagia ostertagi inhibited larvae, other gastrointestinal nematodes and lungworm of cattle". Veterinary Parasitology. 73 (1–2): 73–82. doi:10.1016/S0304-4017(97)00066-6. PMID   9477494.
  7. ↑ Downey NE (October 1976). "Evaluation of oxfendazole against natural infections of gastro-intestinal nematodes and lung-worms in calves". The Veterinary Record. 99 (14): 267–270. doi:10.1136/vr.99.14.267 (inactive 18 July 2025). PMID   136085. S2CID   29572443.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of July 2025 (link)
  8. ↑ Kipp K, Cummings DB, Goehl D, Wade HH, Davidson JM, Renter D, et al. (July 2023). "Evaluation of a refugia-based strategy for gastrointestinal nematodes on weight gain and fecal egg counts in naturally infected stocker calves administered combination anthelmintics". Veterinary Parasitology. 319 109955. doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2023.109955 . PMID   37201354.
  9. ↑ Nielsen MK, Gee EK, Hansen A, Waghorn T, Bell J, Leathwick DM (September 2021). "Monitoring equine ascarid and cyathostomin parasites: Evaluating health parameters under different treatment regimens". Equine Veterinary Journal. 53 (5): 902–910. doi:10.1111/evj.13374. PMID   33119179. S2CID   226045264.
  10. ↑ Kabululu ML, Ngowi HA, Mlangwa JE, Mkupasi EM, Braae UC, Colston A, et al. (October 2020). "TSOL18 vaccine and oxfendazole for control of Taenia solium cysticercosis in pigs: A field trial in endemic areas of Tanzania". PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases. 14 (10) e0008785. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008785 . PMC   7588121 . PMID   33052939.
  11. ↑ Gemmell MA, Johnstone PD, Oudemans G (May 1979). "The effect of oxfendazole on Echinococcus granulosus and Taenia hydatigena infections in dogs". Research in Veterinary Science. 26 (3): 389–390. doi:10.1016/S0034-5288(18)32902-3. PMID   515529.
  12. ↑ Stoye M (August 1992). "[Biology, pathogenicity, diagnosis and control of Ancylostoma caninum]". DTW. Deutsche Tierarztliche Wochenschrift. 99 (8): 315–321. PMID   1425324.
  13. ↑ "OXFENDAZOLE TOXICITY, POISONING, INTOXICATION, OVERDOSE, ANTIDOTE: SAFETY SUMMARY for VETERINARY use on DOGS, CATS, CATTLE, SHEEP, GOATS, SWINE, HORSES and POULTRY". parasitipedia.net. Retrieved 2024-02-21.
  14. ↑ "Synanthic® (oxfendazole oral suspension) Bovine Dewormer Suspension, 22.5%". dailymed.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2024-02-21.
  15. ↑ "BENZELMIN WORMER Paste for HORSES - JUROX - oxfendazole, benzimidazole". parasitipedia.net. Retrieved 2024-02-21.
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