Meteorological history | |
---|---|
Formed | September 15,2024 |
Dissipated | September 20,2024 |
Tropical storm | |
10-minute sustained (JMA) | |
Highest winds | 65 km/h (40 mph) |
Lowest pressure | 992 hPa (mbar);29.29 inHg |
Tropical depression | |
1-minute sustained (SSHWS/JTWC) | |
Highest winds | 55 km/h (35 mph) |
Lowest pressure | 993 hPa (mbar);29.32 inHg |
Overall effects | |
Fatalities | 29 |
Injuries | 19 |
Missing | 3 |
Damage | $22.63 million (2024 USD) |
Areas affected | Philippines,Vietnam,Laos,Thailand,Myanmar |
Part of the 2024 Pacific typhoon season |
Tropical Storm Soulik,known in the Philippines as Tropical Depression Gener,was a weak tropical cyclone that impacted both the Philippines and Vietnam. It formed as the fifteenth named storm of the annual typhoon season in September 2024,Soulik originated from a low-pressure area to the east-northeast of Manila,Philippines on September 14,when it was designated as tropical depression Gener due to its formation within the Philippine Area of Responsibility on September 16. The system gradually shifted westward along the southern edge of a mid-level subtropical high,making landfall in Palanan,Isabela,on September 17. As it traveled further into Luzon,it weakened while encountering the rugged terrain of the Cordillera Central. After emerging over the South China Sea on the next day,the system displayed a broad,disorganized low-level circulation. Although two disturbances in the South China Sea were initially expected to merge closer to Vietnam,the Joint Typhoon Warning Center considered merging these disturbances into one system. Early the next day,the depression strengthened into a tropical storm named Soulik by the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA). Soulik made landfall near Quang Binh and Quảng Trị,Vietnam,at around 2 p.m. local time. It quickly weakened to a tropical depression due to land interaction,and the JMA continued to monitor the system until it dissipated on September 20.
The combined effects of Soulik,the southwest monsoon,and Typhoons Bebinca,Pulasan,and Igme have resulted in at least 26 fatalities,18 injuries,and three missing persons in the Philippines,with total damages amounting to ₱1.11 billion ( US$ 22.63 million);in Vietnam,heavy rains from Soulik have led to three deaths and one injury,while in Thailand,officials in Nakhon Phanom have swiftly initiated water pumping operations into the Mekong River due to heavy rainfall,and the Meteorology and Hydrology Department has reported that the remnants of Soulik and associated wind waves are affecting the southeastern areas of Myanmar.
The origins of Tropical Storm Soulik can be traced back to September 14, when the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) reported that a low-pressure area had formed approximately 596 km (371 mi) east-northeast of Manila, Philippines. [1] [2] At 00:00 UTC on September 15, the JMA identified the system as a tropical depression, featuring a defined, partially exposed low-level circulation and persistent deep convection over the southwest quadrant. [3] [4] At 13:00 UTC on September 16, the United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) issued a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert (TCFA), indicating that upper-level conditions were marginal, with low to moderate vertical wind shear and weak outflow aloft. [5] On that same day, the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) announced that the system had developed into a tropical depression and named Gener, as it formed within the Philippine Area of Responsibility. [6] The system was gradually shifting westward along the southern edge of a mid-level subtropical high, and at 23:00 PHT (15:00 UTC) on September 16, the storm made landfall in Palanan, Isabela. [7] [8]
The tropical depression traveled further into Luzon and weakened as it encountered the rugged terrain of the Cordillera Central. [9] As it emerged over the South China Sea at 14:00 PHT (06:00 UTC) on the next day, the system displayed a broad disorganized low-level circulation. [10] [11] The depresion had conditions that were conducive to tropical cyclogenesis, featuring warm sea surface temperatures of 29–30 °C (84–86 °F) and low vertical wind shear. [12] On September 18, the JTWC canceled their TCFA due to an obscured low-level circulation with flaring convection, while the depression had drifted into an area of moderate vertical wind shear. [13] Earlier, two disturbances in the South China Sea near 98W and 99W were expected to merge and strengthen at 98W, closer to Vietnam, and shortly after, the system was classified as tropical depression 16W, showing rapidly consolidating deep convection that has organized significantly over the past six hours. [14] However, the JTWC was considering the merging of two disturbances in the South China Sea into one system. [15] Early the following day, the depression intensified into a tropical storm named Soulik, according to the JMA, while heading towards the northern coast of Vietnam, though it was gradually weakening, [16] with peak 10-minute sustained winds estimated at 65 km/h (40 mph) and a minimum barometric pressure of 992 hPa (29.29 inHg). [17] Soulik made landfall in Vĩnh Linh District, Quảng Trị, Vietnam, at around 2 p.m. local time that day, [18] after which the JTWC discontinued warnings for the system. [19] Soulik quickly weakened to a tropical depression due to land interaction, [20] and the JMA continued to monitor the system until it dissipated on September 20. [21]
After the system was classified as a tropical depression, the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) issued Tropical Cyclone Wind Signals for several areas, including the eastern and central parts of Mainland Cagayan, Isabela, Quirino, the eastern portion of Nueva Vizcaya, Kalinga, the eastern and central areas of Mountain Province, Ifugao, Aurora, the eastern part of Nueva Ecija, and the northern section of Mainland Quezon, including the Polillo Islands. [6] Following the storm's landfall in Palanan, Isabela on September 17, PAGASA extended the warnings to Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, La Union, Pangasinan, Zambales, Tarlac, Nueva Ecija, Pampanga, the northern and central parts of Bulacan, the northern sections of Bataan, and the northern portion of Metro Manila. [9] [22] By September 18, most TCWS signals were lowered by the PAGASA as the storm left the Philippine Area of Responsibility. [23] Telecommunications company Globe Telecom prepared emergency supplies and personnel in areas where the storm is expected to hit. [24] The National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (NDRRMC) reported that classes were suspended in 625 areas, including 140 municipalities where work operations were also halted. [25] Additionally, a state of calamity was declared in 28 areas. [25] Soulik strengthened the southwest monsoon, which caused flooding that affected at least 9,000 people in Palawan. [26]
Soulik, along with the southwest monsoon and Typhoons Bebinca, Pulasan, and Igme, has resulted in at least 26 fatalities, 18 injuries and three missing persons in the Philippines, affecting 1,629,519 people, displacing 15,875, and leading to 2,060 preemptive evacuations; the storms caused power outages in 48 cities and municipalities, blocked 121 roads, rendered 15 bridges impassable, and destroyed 3,649 homes, with 469 completely demolished, while agricultural damage reached ₱ 1.09 billion ( US$ 22.17 million) and infrastructure damage was estimated at ₱22.69 million ( US$ 460,659.9), bringing the total damage to ₱1.11 billion ( US$ 22.63 million), according to the NDRRMC. [25]
The arrival of Tropical Storm Soulik has led to evacuations in central Vietnam, just days after Typhoon Yagi. [27] Quảng Bình province has moved nearly 900 households—over 3,000 people—from high-risk areas to safer locations in anticipation of the storm. [28] In Vinh Linh District, power outages occurred due to damage to the electricity grid. Forty-four road sections in Quang Bình are impassable due to landslides. [29] As a result of Soulik's impact, the Civil Aviation Authority of Vietnam has temporarily suspended all flight operations at Dong Hoi Airport. [30] In Quảng Bình, flooding affected 37 villages and over 600 households, with Minh Hóa district impacting 538 households. [31] Prime Minister Phạm Minh Chính has instructed the People’s Committees in central provinces and cities to promptly implement their plans for responding to Tropical Storm Soulik. [32]
The heavy rain and flooding in central Vietnam from Soulik have resulted in three deaths in Nghệ An and one injuries in Thua Thien Hue. [33] [34] In Thailand, heavy rainfall caused by Soulik has led officials in Nakhon Phanom to quickly start water pumping operations into the Mekong River, [35] and Ao Phang Nga National Park will also be closed due to the weather conditions. [36] The Meteorology and Hydrology Department reported that the remnants of Soulik and wind waves were crossing the southeastern areas of Myanmar. [37]
The 2008 Pacific typhoon season was a below average season which featured 22 named storms, eleven typhoons, and two super typhoons. The season had no official bounds; it ran year-round in 2008, but most tropical cyclones tend to form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean between May and November. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean.
The 2012 Pacific typhoon season was a slightly above average season that produced 25 named storms, fourteen typhoons, and four intense typhoons. It was a destructive and the second consecutive year to be the deadliest season, primarily due to Typhoon Bopha which killed 1,901 people in the Philippines. It was an event in the annual cycle of tropical cyclone formation, in which tropical cyclones form in the western Pacific Ocean. The season ran throughout 2012, though most tropical cyclones typically develop between May and October. The season's first named storm, Pakhar, developed on March 28, while the season's last named storm, Wukong, dissipated on December 29. The season's first typhoon, Guchol, reached typhoon status on June 15, and became the first super typhoon of the year on June 17.
The 2010 Pacific typhoon season, with 14 named storms, was the least active Pacific typhoon season on record. Seven of them strengthened into typhoons while one reached super typhoon intensity. All of the 14 named storms developed west of 150°E.
The 2013 Pacific typhoon season was the most active Pacific typhoon season since 2004, and the deadliest since 1975. It featured Typhoon Haiyan, one of the most powerful storms and one of the strongest landfalling tropical cyclones in history. It was an above-average season with 31 named storms, 13 typhoons, and five super typhoons. The season's first named storm, Sonamu, developed on January 4 while the season's last named storm, Podul, dissipated on November 15. Despite the activity, most of the first seventeen named storms before mid-September were relatively weak, as only two of them reached typhoon intensity. Total damage amounted to at least $26.41 billion (USD), making it at the time the costliest Pacific typhoon season on record; it is currently the fifth costliest, behind the 2018, 2019, 2023, and 2024 seasons.
The 2015 Pacific typhoon season was a slightly above average season that produced twenty-seven tropical storms, eighteen typhoons, and nine super typhoons. The season ran throughout 2015, though most tropical cyclones typically develop between May and November. The season's first named storm, Mekkhala, developed on January 15, while the season's last named storm, Melor, dissipated on December 17. The season saw at least one named tropical system forming in each of every month, the first time since 1965. Similar to the previous season, this season saw a high number of super typhoons. Accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) during 2015 was extremely high, the third highest since 1970, and the 2015 ACE has been attributed in part to anthropogenic warming, and also the 2014-16 El Niño event, that led to similarly high ACE values in the East Pacific.
The 2016 Pacific typhoon season is considered to have been the fourth-latest start for a Pacific typhoon season since reliable records began. It was an average season, with a total of 26 named storms, 13 typhoons, and six super typhoons. The season ran throughout 2016, though typically most tropical cyclones develop between May and October. The season's first named storm, Nepartak, developed on July 3, while the season's last named storm, Nock-ten, dissipated on December 28.
The 2018 Pacific typhoon season was at the time, the costliest Pacific typhoon season on record, until the record was beaten by the following year. The season was well above-average, producing twenty-nine storms, thirteen typhoons, seven super typhoons and six Category 5 tropical cyclones. The season ran throughout 2018, though most tropical cyclones typically develop between May and October. The season's first named storm, Bolaven, developed on January 3, while the season's last named storm, Man-yi, dissipated on November 28. The season's first typhoon, Jelawat, reached typhoon status on March 29, and became the first super typhoon of the year on the next day.
Typhoon Chaba, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Katring, was the first typhoon to impact Japan since Typhoon Melor in October 2009. Chaba means Hibiscus in Thai.
The 2020 Pacific typhoon season was the first of an ongoing series of below average Pacific typhoon seasons, and became the first with below-average tropical cyclone activity since 2014, with 23 named storms, 10 of which became typhoons and only 2 became super typhoons. This low activity was a consequence of La Niña that persisted from the summer of the year. It had the sixth-latest start in the basin on record, slightly behind 1973, and was the first to start that late since 2016. The first half of the season was unusually inactive, with only four systems, two named storms and one typhoon at the end of July. Additionally, the JTWC recorded no tropical cyclone development in the month of July, the first such occurrence since reliable records began. Despite that, this season featured Super Typhoon Goni, which made the strongest landfall worldwide in terms of 1-minute wind speed. The season's first named tropical cyclone, Vongfong, developed on May 8, while the season's last named tropical cyclone, Krovanh, dissipated on December 24. However, the season's last system was an unnamed tropical depression which dissipated on December 29.
Most of the tropical cyclones of the 2013 Pacific typhoon season formed between May and November of that year. The scope of this article is the Pacific Ocean north of the equator, between 100°E and the International Date Line. Tropical storms which form in the Western Pacific basin are assigned a name by the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA). Tropical depressions forming in this basin are given a number with a "W" suffix by the United States' Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC). The Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) assigns names to tropical cyclones that enter or form in the Philippine area of responsibility, but these names are not in common use outside the Philippines.
This timeline documents all of the events of the 2012 Pacific typhoon season. The scope of this article is limited to the Pacific Ocean, north of the equator between 100°E and the International Date Line. During the season, 34 systems were designated as tropical depressions by either the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA), the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC), or other National Meteorological and Hydrological Services such as the China Meteorological Administration and the Hong Kong Observatory. Since the JMA runs the Regional Specialized Meteorological Centre (RSMC) for the Western Pacific, they assigned names to tropical depressions which developed into tropical storms in the basin. PAGASA also assigned local names to systems which are active in their area of responsibility; however, these names are not in common use outside of the Philippines.
This timeline documents all of the events of the 2015 Pacific typhoon season. Most of the tropical cyclones formed between May and November. The scope of this article is limited to the Pacific Ocean, north of the equator between 100°E and the International Date Line. This area, called the Western Pacific basin, is the responsibility of the Japanese Meteorological Agency (JMA). They host and operate the Regional Specialized Meteorological Center (RSMC), located in Tokyo. The Japanese Meteorological Agency (JMA) is also responsible for assigning names to all tropical storms that are formed within the basin. However, any storm that enters or forms in the Philippine Area of Responsibility (PAR) will be named by the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) using a local name. Also of note - the Western Pacific basin is monitored by the United States' Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC), which gives all Tropical depressions a number with a "W" suffix.
Typhoon Meranti, known in the Philippines as Super Typhoon Ferdie, was one of the most intense tropical cyclones on record. Impacting the Batanes in the Philippines, Taiwan, as well as Fujian Province in September 2016, Meranti formed as a tropical depression on September 8 near the island of Guam. Tracking to the west northwest, Meranti gradually intensified until September 11, at which point it began a period of rapid intensification. Continuing to rapidly intensify, it became a super typhoon early on September 12, as it passed through the Luzon Strait, ultimately reaching its peak intensity on September 13 with 1-minute sustained winds of 315 km/h (195 mph). Shortly afterwards, it passed directly over the island of Itbayat. Meranti passed to the south of Taiwan as a super typhoon, and began weakening steadily as a result of land interaction. By September 15, it struck Fujian Province as a Category 2-equivalent typhoon, becoming the strongest typhoon on record to impact the province. Upon moving inland, rapid weakening ensued and Meranti became extratropical the next day, dissipating shortly afterwards after it passed to the south of the Korean Peninsula.
Severe Tropical Storm Pakhar, known in the Philippines as Tropical Storm Jolina, was a strong tropical storm that impacted South China during late August 2017. This storm followed Typhoon Hato which affected the area a few days prior. Pakhar was the fourteenth named storm of the Pacific typhoon season. Pakhar developed from a tropical depression to the east of Luzon during August 24 and intensified into a tropical storm later that day. Pakhar made landfall over in Aurora on August 25. Pakhar gradually intensified and peaked as a severe tropical storm by August 27, making landfall over Taishan, Jiangmen in Southern China.
The 2021 Pacific typhoon season was the second consecutive to have below average tropical cyclone activity, with twenty-two named storms, and was the least active since 2011. Nine became typhoons, and five of those intensified into super typhoons. This low activity was caused by a strong La Niña that had persisted from the previous year. The season's first named storm, Dujuan, developed on February 16, while the last named storm, Rai, dissipated on December 21. The season's first typhoon, Surigae, reached typhoon status on April 16. It became the first super typhoon of the year on the next day, also becoming the strongest tropical cyclone in 2021. Surigae was also the most powerful tropical cyclone on record in the Northern Hemisphere for the month of April. Typhoons In-fa and Rai are responsible for more than half of the total damage this season, adding up to a combined total of $2.02 billion.
The 2022 Pacific typhoon season was the third consecutive season to have below average tropical cyclone activity, with twenty-five named storms forming. Of the tropical storms, ten became typhoons, and three would intensify into super typhoons. The season saw near-average activity by named storm count, although many of the storms were weak and short-lived, particularly towards the end of the season. This low activity was caused by an unusually strong La Niña that had persisted from 2020. The season's first named storm, Malakas, developed on April 6, while the last named storm, Pakhar, dissipated on December 12. The season's first typhoon, Malakas, reached typhoon status on April 12. The season ran throughout 2022, though most tropical cyclones typically develop between May and October. Tropical storms Megi and Nalgae were responsible for more than half of the casualties, while typhoons Hinnamnor and Nanmadol both caused $1 billion in damages.
The 2023 Pacific typhoon season was the fourth consecutive below-average season and became the third-most inactive typhoon season on record in terms of named storms, with just 17 named storms developing, only ahead of 2010 and 1998. Despite the season occurring during an El Niño event, which typically favors activity in the basin, activity was abnormally low. This was primarily due to a consistent period of negative PDO, which typically discourages tropical storm formation in this basin. The season was less active than the 2023 Atlantic hurricane season in terms of named storms, the fourth such season on record, after 2005, 2010 and 2020. The season's number of storms also did not exceed that of the 2023 Pacific hurricane season. Only ten became typhoons, with four strengthening further into super typhoons. However, it was very destructive, primarily due to Typhoon Doksuri which devastated the northern Philippines, Taiwan, and China in July, becoming the costliest typhoon on record as well as the costliest typhoon to hit mainland China, and Typhoon Haikui in September, which devastated China, Taiwan, and Hong Kong. The season was less active in Southeast Asia, with no tropical storm making landfall in mainland Vietnam.
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Severe Tropical Storm Kompasu, known in the Philippines as Severe Tropical Storm Maring was a very large and deadly tropical cyclone that affected the Philippines, Taiwan, and southeast China. Part of the 2021 Pacific typhoon season, Kompasu originated from an area of low pressure east of the Philippines on 6 October 2021. The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) classified it as a tropical depression that day. A day later, the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) classified it as a tropical depression, naming it Maring. The cyclone was initially heavily disorganised, competing with another vortex, Tropical Depression Nando. Eventually, Maring became dominant, and the JMA reclassified it as a tropical storm, naming it Kompasu. Kompasu made landfall in Cagayan, Philippines, on 11 October 2021, and two days later, the storm made landfall in Hainan, China. The cyclone dissipated on 14 October 2021 while located over Vietnam.
Typhoon Nanmadol, known in the Philippines as Super Typhoon Josie, was a powerful tropical cyclone that impacted Japan. The fourteenth named storm, seventh typhoon, and second super typhoon of the 2022 Pacific typhoon season and the most intense tropical cyclone worldwide in 2022, Nanmadol originated from a disturbance to the east of Iwo Jima which the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) designated as a tropical depression on September 12. Later that same day, upon attaining tropical storm strength, it was named Nanmadol by the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA).