Typhoon Kalmaegi (2025)

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Map key
Saffir–Simpson scale
  Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)
  Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
  Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
  Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
  Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
  Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
  Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
  Unknown
Storm type
ArrowUp.svg Extratropical cyclone, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression

Kalmaegi originated from an area of convection that developed on October 30, located about 313 nautical miles (580 km) east-southeast of Yap. Satellite imagery showed cycling deep convection over a poorly organized low-level circulation center (LLCC). The disturbance was embedded in a favorable environment for tropical cyclogenesis, with low wind shear and warm sea surface temperatures (SSTs). [1] On the following day, the JMA classified the system as a tropical depression as its LLCC slowly consolidated. [2] The JTWC noted that the depression remained in an environment conducive for further development, characterized by light vertical wind shear and warm SSTs. [3] Around 05:00 PHT (21:00 UTC on the previous day) on November 1, PAGASA also classified the system as a tropical depression. [4]

The JTWC issued a TCFA at around 02:00 UTC on November 1, citing a high probability of further development as the system moved west-northwestward. [5] The JTWC noted a broad low-level circulation center (LLCC) with convection concentrated north of the center and some curved banding features. Favorable environmental conditions persisted, supported by good poleward outflow. [6] As the LLCC gradually consolidated and convective banding wrapped around its northern semicircle, the system began tracking northwestward along the southwestern edge of a subtropical ridge. [7] [8] At 06:00 UTC, the JMA noted that while the system remained in a favorable environment, the limited organization of its structure caused it to maintain its intensity for several hours. [9] The JTWC later designated the system as 31W at 09:00 UTC. [10]

Typhoon Kalmaegi approaching Eastern Visayas while moving west-northwestward under favorable conditions during November 3-4 2025 CIMSS 31W Kalmaegi visible infrared satellite loop.gif
Typhoon Kalmaegi approaching Eastern Visayas while moving west-northwestward under favorable conditions during November 3–4

At around 12:00 UTC, the JMA upgraded 31W to a tropical storm, assigning it the name Kalmaegi. [11] The JTWC observed a symmetric central dense overcast (CDO) enveloping the LLCC and described the system as compact as it tracked along the southern periphery of a subtropical ridge located to the northeast. [12] By 21:00 UTC, the JTWC also classified Kalmaegi as a tropical storm, citing an expanding CDO and a highly favorable environment for further intensification. [13] The system entered the Philippine Area of Responsibility (PAR) at 05:30 PHT on November 2 (21:30 UTC on the previous day) and was given the local name Tino. [14] Satellite imagery showed robust radial outflow and intense central convection, with the deepest convection concentrated over the northern and western semicircles. [15]

At 17:00 PHT (09:00 UTC), PAGASA upgraded Kalmaegi to a severe tropical storm. [16] The JMA noted a temporary pause in intensification before the storm resumed strengthening. [17] The JTWC reported deep convective bursts over the center and a developing banding feature to the north, with microwave imagery showing a small nascent eye and strong convection slightly displaced to the south. These features reflected an increasingly favorable environment for intensification. [18] Three hours later, the JMA upgraded Kalmaegi to a severe tropical storm. [19] [20] The JTWC noted two distinct clusters of deep convection forming an oblong-shaped CDO. [21] Six hours later, two lobes were evident: the southeastern one was positioned directly over the LLCC and served as the main region of deep convection, while the northwestern lobe featured strong poleward convection. [22] At 03:00 UTC on November 3, the JTWC upgraded Kalmaegi to a typhoon, citing a persistently favorable environment and strong outflow enhanced by trade winds. Multispectral satellite imagery showed a compact core with deep convection wrapping around its center. [23] [24] At the same time, the JMA and PAGASA also upgraded the system to a typhoon when it was about 368 nautical miles (682 km) north-northeast of Sonsorol. [25] [26] The JTWC reported that Kalmaegi had deep convection circling the core and failed to form an eye due to northeasterly wind shear despite the system being in a favorable environment. [27] On November 4, Kalmaegi subsequently intensified into a category 2-equivalent typhoon status before it made landfall over Silago, Southern Leyte around 00:00 PHT (16:00 UTC), and weakened back into a category 1-equivalent typhoon due to land interaction. [28] The storm then made three more landfalls in Borbon, Cebu, Sagay, Negros Occidental, and San Lorenzo, Guimaras at 05:10 PHT (21:10 UTC), 06:40 PHT (22:40 UTC) and 11:10 PHT (03:10 UTC) respectively on the same day. [29] [30] It slightly weakened and decelerated due to numerous landfalls as it headed towards the Iloilo Strait. [31] At 13:20 PHT (05:20 UTC), Kalmaegi made its fifth landfall over Iloilo City. [32] It then made a sixth landfall over Magsaysay in the Cuyo Archipelago of Palawan at 19:30 PHT (11:30 UTC). [33]

Preparations

Philippines

Visualization of Tropical Cyclone Wind Signals of Kalmaegi (Tino) from PAGASA on 14:00 PHT (06:00 UTC) on November 3. Kalmaegi (TIno) TCWS Bulletin No. 7.png
Visualization of Tropical Cyclone Wind Signals of Kalmaegi (Tino) from PAGASA on 14:00 PHT (06:00 UTC) on November 3.

At 11:00 PHT (03:00 UTC) on November 2, PAGASA issued Tropical Cyclone Wind Signal No. 1, indicating winds of 24 to 38 mph (39 to 61 km/h) after 38 hours, to Eastern Samar, Dinagat Islands, Siargao, and Bucas Grande. [34] Seven more provinces were added to the Signal No. 1 alert six hours later: six from Visayas and one from Mindanao. [16] At 23:00 PHT (15:00 UTC), Guiuan, Salcedo, and Mercedes in Eastern Samar, and the Siargao and Bucas Grande Islands, were placed in Signal No. 2, indicating winds of 39 to 55 mph (62 to 88 km/h) in 24 hours; more areas were placed in Signal No. 1. [35] Six hours later, 11 provinces were placed to Signal No. 2. [36] At 08:00 PHT (00:00 UTC) on November 3, Guiuan, Mercedes, the Dinagat Islands, and the Siargao and Bucas Grande Islands were added to Signal No. 3, signifying winds of 55 to 73 mph (89 to 117 km/h) in 18 hours. [37] At 11:00 PHT (03:00 UTC), the southern portion of Eastern Samar, Marabut in Samar, the central and southern portions of Leyte, Southern Leyte, Camotes Islands, the eastern portion of Bohol, Dinagat Islands, the northern portion of Surigao del Norte were issued Signal No. 3. [26] Three hours later, the Dinagat, Siargao, and Bucas Grande Islands were upgraded to Signal No. 4, indicating winds of 73 to 114 mph (118 to 184 km/h) winds in 12 hours. [38] At 17:00 PHT (09:00 UTC), Guiuan, the southern portion of Leyte, Southern Leyte, the Camotes Islands, and the northeastern portion of Bohol was added to Signal No. 4. [39] Three hours later, Mercedes, the western portion of Leyte, and the northern portion of Cebu was added to Signal No. 4. [40] At 23:00 PHT (15:00 UTC), the northernmost portion of Negros Oriental, the northern portion of Negros Occidental, and Guimaras was added to the signal. [41] Three hours later, the central and southern portions of Iloilo and the southern portion of Antique was added. [42]

The Regional Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (RDRRMC) of Eastern Visayas warned citizens to avoid travel to and from the region and suggested the public to view weather bulletins. [43] Officials of Lapu-Lapu City held a meeting to prepare for the storm's impact. [44] The Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) prepared thousands of food packs and placed specialized equipment on standby. [45] All sea travel in Surigao del Norte and nearby routes due to bad conditions. [46] Cebu City was placed in a blue alert, causing all response units in the city to be on standby. [47] Cebu Governor Pam Baricuatro initiated a disaster preparedness and response plan for 11 municipalities and 1 city affected by the 2025 Cebu earthquake. [48] The Department of Education alerted disaster reduction teams throughout the nation due to 25,000 schools having a risk of landslide. [49] The National Capital Region Police Office considered raising a full alert due to the storm. [50] A Cebu Schools Athletic Foundation, Inc. basketball match between the University of the Visayas and the University of Southern Philippines Foundation was postponed. [51] Evacuations were done in Palo and Tanauan, Leyte. The local government in Guiuan resorted to forced evacuations. Dinagat Islands Governor Nilo Demerey Jr. reported that 10,000 to 15,000 people were evacuated in the province. [52] The Office of Civil Defense on November 4 reported that 400,000 people had been evacuated nationwide. [53] Cebu archbishop Alberto Uy ordered all churches in the Archdiocese of Cebu to be used as shelters for displaced residents. [54]

A province-wide class suspension was experienced in Cavite. Fifteen municipalities and cities in Laguna suspended classes in all levels. Two towns in Quezon refrained from holding classes in pre-school levels. Classes were ceased in the entire province of Oriental Mindoro; in Palawan, six municipalities abstained from holding classes. Seventeen local government units in Romblon, five in Marinduque, and one in Occidental Mindoro suspended classes. [55]

Vietnam

On the afternoon of November 4, several communes and wards in Gia Lai province began mobilizing and evacuating people in vulnerable areas at high risk of landslides and flooding. [56]

Elsewhere

The National Weather Service, on November 1, alerted the Yap island group to monitor any forecasts and changes due to the Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert; the report said that scattered showers and isolated thunderstorms were possible in the islands for the next couple of days. [57]

Impact

Philippines

Baybay Boulevard, Borongan during the onslaught of Kalmaegi with storm surge. Baybay Boulevard during Typhoon Kalmaegi (Tino).jpg
Baybay Boulevard, Borongan during the onslaught of Kalmaegi with storm surge.
Damage in Cebu City Effects of Typhoon Tino in Cebu City 2025-11-04 002.jpg
Damage in Cebu City

On November 4, the Philippine Coast Guard reported that 4,704 people, 1,649 rolling cargoes and 1,643 maritime vessels were stranded or seeking shelter in 104 ports throughout the country. [58] At least 138 flights were cancelled, affecting 16,000 passengers. [59] Power outages were reported in Dinagat Islands. [60] The Office of Civil Defense reported that nearly 340,000 individuals were affected from the typhoon. [61] The National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (NDRRMC) reported 2,144 people were affected in Mimaropa, 133,554 were reported in Region 6 (Western Visayas), 428 were reported in the Negros Island Region, 11,140 were reported in Region 7 (Central Visayas), 29,160 were reported in Region 8 (Eastern Visayas), and 11,100 were reported in Caraga. [55]

Kalmaegi generated strong winds and flooding that left at least 48 people dead in Cebu, including 15 in Compostela, nine each in Cebu City and Mandaue, eight in Danao and seven in Talisay. Twenty-eight missing people were reported in Cebu City after the Butuanon River swelled and caused flooding. The city's mayor, Nestor Archival, estimated that around 200,000 houses were damaged or inundated. Half of barangay Bacayan was flooded, with many residents saying it was the first such incident in the area in 35 years. [62] One person also died in Panglao, Bohol. The major causes of deaths were drowning and being struck by trees. [63] An elderly villager drowned in floodwaters in Southern Leyte, where a province-wide power outage occurred. [64] The entire service area of Negros Power in Negros Occidental, including Bacolod, lost electricity, affecting 250,000 customers. [65] The Wright–Taft Road in Taft, Eastern Samar was unpassable. A national road in Alaminos was only reported as passable in one lane. [55] Floodwaters in Mandaue reached chest levels, causing people to go to evacuation centers. Flooding sometimes reached the second floor of houses; all barangays in the city were affected by the flooding. [66]

A Super Huey helicopter of the Philippine Air Force crashed on its way to conduct disaster reconnaissance in Loreto, Agusan del Sur, killing six people. [67] Two ships collided with each other in the port of Jolo, Sulu. [68] In Antique, seven municipalities experienced power outages. In Surigao del Norte, two towns also experienced power interruptions. [69] Within 24 hours, Kalmaegi generated 235.2 mm (9.26 in) of rain in Maasin, Southern Leyte, and 183 mm (7.2 in) of rain in Lapu-Lapu City, which was greater than the monthly average in those areas. [70] A national high school in Cagdianao was extensively damaged. [71] The Visayas State University in Baybay sustained heavy damage. [72] Two people died in separate storm-related incidents in Capiz and Antique. [73] One person died after a boat capsized in Maguindanao del Sur. [74]

Response

Due to the flooding in Mandaue, 30 people from the city's Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office were deployed to rescue residents; the office was placed on red alert. [66] Clearing operations started in the city while the local government assessed the damages. [75] President Bongbong Marcos told government agencies to speed up recovery efforts for areas affected by the typhoon, directing his cabinet members to visit the affected places. [76] The provincial government of Cebu redeployed heavy equipment from the north of the province that were used in the 2025 Cebu earthquake to areas affected by the storm. [62]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Significant Tropical Weather Advisory for the Western and South Pacific Oceans, 06Z 30 October 2025 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. October 30, 2025. Archived from the original on October 30, 2025. Retrieved October 30, 2025.
  2. ↑ Warning and Summary 311800 (Report). Japan Meteorological Agency. October 31, 2025. Archived from the original on November 1, 2025. Retrieved November 1, 2025.
  3. ↑ Significant Tropical Weather Advisory for the Western and South Pacific Oceans, 06Z 31 October 2025 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. October 31, 2025. Archived from the original on October 31, 2025. Retrieved November 1, 2025.
  4. ↑ "Tropical Cyclone Advisory #1 for Tropical Depression". PAGASA . November 1, 2025. Archived from the original on November 1, 2025. Retrieved November 1, 2025.
  5. ↑ Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert (Invest 98W) (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. November 1, 2025. Archived from the original on November 1, 2025. Retrieved November 1, 2025.
  6. ↑ Significant Tropical Weather Advisory for the Western and South Pacific Oceans, 02Z 1 November 2025 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. November 1, 2025. Archived from the original on November 1, 2025. Retrieved November 1, 2025.
  7. ↑ Significant Tropical Weather Advisory for the Western and South Pacific Oceans, 06Z 1 November 2025 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. November 1, 2025. Archived from the original on November 1, 2025. Retrieved November 1, 2025.
  8. ↑ Reasoning No. 1 for TD located at 9.4N 139.3E (Report). Japan Meteorological Agency. November 1, 2025. Archived from the original on November 1, 2025. Retrieved November 1, 2025.
  9. ↑ Reasoning No. 2 for TD located at 9.9N 138.4E (Report). Japan Meteorological Agency. November 1, 2025. Archived from the original on November 1, 2025. Retrieved November 1, 2025.
  10. ↑ Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Depression 31W (Thirtyone) Warning No. 1 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. November 1, 2025. Archived from the original on November 1, 2025. Retrieved November 1, 2025.
  11. ↑ RSMC Tropical Cyclone Advisory (Report). Japan Meteorological Agency. November 1, 2025. Archived from the original on November 1, 2025. Retrieved November 2, 2025.
  12. ↑ Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Depression 31W (Kalmaegi) Warning No. 2 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. November 1, 2025. Archived from the original on November 1, 2025. Retrieved November 2, 2025.
  13. ↑ Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Storm 31W (Kalmaegi) Warning No. 3 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. November 1, 2025. Archived from the original on November 2, 2025. Retrieved November 2, 2025.
  14. ↑ Clores, Keith (November 2, 2025). "Tropical storm enters PAR on Sunday morning — Pagasa". Philippine Daily Inquirer . Retrieved November 2, 2025.
  15. ↑ Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Storm 31W (Kalmaegi) Warning No. 4 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. November 2, 2025. Archived from the original on November 2, 2025. Retrieved November 2, 2025.
  16. 1 2 "Tropical Cyclone Bulletin #2 for Severe Tropical Storm 'Tino' (Kalmaegi)" (PDF). PAGASA . November 2, 2025. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 2, 2025. Retrieved November 2, 2025.
  17. ↑ Reasoning No. 6 for TS 2525 Kalmaegi (2525) (Report). Japan Meteorological Agency. November 2, 2025. Archived from the original on November 2, 2025. Retrieved November 2, 2025.
  18. ↑ Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Storm 31W (Kalmaegi) Warning No. 5 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. November 2, 2025. Archived from the original on November 2, 2025. Retrieved November 2, 2025.
  19. ↑ Prognostic Reasoning No. 7 for STS 2525 Kalmaegi (2525) (Report). Japan Meteorological Agency. November 2, 2025. Archived from the original on November 2, 2025. Retrieved November 2, 2025.
  20. ↑ STS Kalmaegi (2525) upgraded from TS (Report). Japan Meteorological Agency. November 2, 2025. Archived from the original on November 2, 2025. Retrieved November 2, 2025.
  21. ↑ Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Storm 31W (Kalmaegi) Warning No. 6 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. November 2, 2025. Archived from the original on November 2, 2025. Retrieved November 3, 2025.
  22. ↑ Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Storm 31W (Kalmaegi) Warning No. 7 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. November 2, 2025. Archived from the original on November 3, 2025. Retrieved November 3, 2025.
  23. ↑ Typhoon 31W (Kalmaegi) Warning No. 8 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. November 3, 2025. Archived from the original on November 3, 2025. Retrieved November 3, 2025.
  24. ↑ Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 31W (Kalmaegi) Warning No. 8 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. November 3, 2025. Archived from the original on November 3, 2025. Retrieved November 3, 2025.
  25. ↑ TY 2525 Kalmaegi (2525) upgraded from STS (Report). Japan Meteorological Agency. November 3, 2025. Archived from the original on November 3, 2025. Retrieved November 3, 2025.
  26. 1 2 "Tropical Cyclone Bulletin #6 for Typhoon 'Tino' (Kalmaegi)" (PDF). PAGASA . November 3, 2025. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 3, 2025. Retrieved November 3, 2025.
  27. ↑ Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 31W (Kalmaegi) Warning No. 9 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. November 3, 2025. Archived from the original on November 3, 2025. Retrieved November 3, 2025.
  28. ↑ "Tino makes landfall over Silago, Southern Leyte – PAGASA". GMA News. November 4, 2025. Retrieved November 4, 2025.
  29. ↑ "Typhoon Tino makes second landfall in Cebu, third in Negros Occidental". Rappler. November 4, 2025. Retrieved November 4, 2025.
  30. ↑ "Typhoon Tino makes fourth landfall in Guimaras; new storm forms outside PAR". Rappler. November 4, 2025. Retrieved November 4, 2025.
  31. ↑ "Tropical Cyclone Bulletin on Typhoon Tino (Kalmaegi) Warning No. 15" (PDF). PAGASA. November 4, 2025. Retrieved November 4, 2025.
  32. ↑ "Typhoon Tino makes fifth landfall in Iloilo City, crosses Antique". Rappler. November 4, 2025. Retrieved November 4, 2025.
  33. ↑ "Typhoon Tino approaches northern Palawan". ABS-CBN. November 4, 2025. Retrieved November 4, 2025.
  34. ↑ "Tropical Cyclone Bulletin #1 for Tropical Storm 'Tino' (Kalmaegi)" (PDF). PAGASA . November 2, 2025. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 2, 2025. Retrieved November 2, 2025.
  35. ↑ "Tropical Cyclone Bulletin #3 for Severe Tropical Storm 'Tino' (Kalmaegi)" (PDF). PAGASA . November 2, 2025. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 2, 2025. Retrieved November 2, 2025.
  36. ↑ "Tropical Cyclone Bulletin #4 for Severe Tropical Storm 'Tino' (Kalmaegi)" (PDF). PAGASA . November 3, 2025. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 3, 2025. Retrieved November 3, 2025.
  37. ↑ "Tropical Cyclone Bulletin #5 for Severe Tropical Storm 'Tino' (Kalmaegi)" (PDF). PAGASA . November 3, 2025. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 3, 2025. Retrieved November 3, 2025.
  38. ↑ "Tropical Cyclone Bulletin #7 for Typhoon 'Tino' (Kalmaegi)" (PDF). PAGASA . November 3, 2025. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 3, 2025. Retrieved November 3, 2025.
  39. ↑ "Tropical Cyclone Bulletin #8 for Typhoon 'Tino' (Kalmaegi)" (PDF). PAGASA . November 3, 2025. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 3, 2025. Retrieved November 3, 2025.
  40. ↑ "Tropical Cyclone Bulletin #9 for Typhoon 'Tino' (Kalmaegi)" (PDF). PAGASA . November 3, 2025. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 3, 2025. Retrieved November 3, 2025.
  41. ↑ "Tropical Cyclone Bulletin #10 for Typhoon 'Tino' (Kalmaegi)" (PDF). PAGASA . November 3, 2025. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 3, 2025. Retrieved November 3, 2025.
  42. ↑ "Tropical Cyclone Bulletin #11 for Typhoon 'Tino' (Kalmaegi)" (PDF). PAGASA . November 4, 2025. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 4, 2025. Retrieved November 4, 2025.
  43. ↑ Gabieta, Joey A. (November 2, 2025). "Eastern Visayas on alert ahead of Tino's landfall in Eastern Samar". Philippine Daily Inquirer . Retrieved November 2, 2025.
  44. ↑ Inso, Futch Anthony (November 2, 2025). "Lapu-Lapu City officials convened to assess Tino's potential risks". Cebu Daily News. Retrieved November 2, 2025.
  45. ↑ Clores, Keith (November 2, 2025). "DSWD on full alert in preparation for Tropical Storm Tino". Philippine Daily Inquirer . Retrieved November 2, 2025.
  46. ↑ Uddin, Islam (November 1, 2025). "Philippines suspends school, work, sea travel as western region braces for Typhoon Tino". Anadolu Agency. Retrieved November 2, 2025.
  47. ↑ Piquero, Pia (November 1, 2025). "Cebu City now under Blue Alert for 'Tino'". Cebu Daily News. Retrieved November 2, 2025.
  48. ↑ Udtohan, Leo (November 1, 2025). "As 'Tino' approaches, Cebu province bares plan for quake-hit areas". Cebu Daily News. Retrieved November 2, 2025.
  49. ↑ Villa, Hazel P. (November 2, 2025). "DepEd: Over 25,000 schools at risk of floods, landslides due to Tino". Philippine Daily Inquirer . Retrieved November 2, 2025.
  50. ↑ Sarao, Zacarian (November 2, 2025). "NCRPO may extend full alert for post-Undas travel, Storm Tino". Philippine Daily Inquirer . Retrieved November 2, 2025.
  51. ↑ Rosal, Glendale G. (November 3, 2025). "Cesafi: Tuesday games postponed due to Typhoon Tino". Cebu Daily News. Retrieved November 3, 2025.
  52. ↑ "Thousands evacuated as typhoon bears down on Philippines". CNA . November 3, 2025. Retrieved November 3, 2025.
  53. ↑ "Typhoon flooding kills 5, strands thousands in central Philippines". France 24. November 4, 2025. Retrieved November 4, 2025.
  54. ↑ "Archbishop Uy directs Cebu churches to serve as shelters amid Typhoon Tino". GMA News. November 3, 2025. Retrieved November 4, 2025.
  55. 1 2 3 Situational Report No. 3 for the Effects of Tropical Cyclone TINO (2025) (PDF) (Report). National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council. November 4, 2025. Archived (PDF) from the original on November 4, 2025. Retrieved November 4, 2025.
  56. ↑ "Gia Lai mobilizes people to evacuate from storm Kalmaegi". tuoitre.vn. November 3, 2025. Retrieved November 4, 2025.
  57. ↑ "Tropical Weather Discussion". National Weather Service . National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. November 1, 2025. Archived from the original on November 1, 2025. Retrieved November 1, 2025.
  58. ↑ Sarao, Zacarian (November 4, 2025). "4,704 people stranded in ports across PH due to Typhoon Tino – PCG". Philippine Daily Inquirer . Retrieved November 4, 2025.
  59. ↑ "At least 16k people affected by Tino-related flight cancellations - NNIC". GMA News. November 4, 2025. Retrieved November 4, 2025.
  60. ↑ "Tens of thousands shelter as Typhoon Kalmaegi slams into the Philippines". South China Morning Post. November 4, 2025. Retrieved November 4, 2025.
  61. ↑ "At least 48 dead in Cebu, thousands stranded in central Philippines due to 'Tino'". ABS-CBN. November 4, 2025. Retrieved November 4, 2025.
  62. 1 2 "48 dead as Tino exposes Cebu's dev't challenge". SunStar. November 4, 2025. Retrieved November 4, 2025.
  63. ↑ Serquina, Mariel Celene (November 4, 2025). "19 reported dead in Central Visayas amid Typhoon Tino — OCD". GMA News Online . Retrieved November 4, 2025.
  64. ↑ Gomez, Jim (November 3, 2025). "Typhoon Kalmaegi moves across central Philippines, leaving at least 1 dead and setting off floods". Toronto Star. Retrieved November 4, 2025.
  65. ↑ "Typhoon triggers blackout in Negros Occidental". Manila Bulletin. November 4, 2025. Retrieved November 4, 2025.
  66. 1 2 Cabañog, April Blanche (November 4, 2025). "'Tino' caused flooding in Mandaue City". SunStar Publishing Inc. Retrieved November 4, 2025.
  67. ↑ Tocmo, Hermel; Lacuata, Rose Carmelle (November 4, 2025). "6 dead in military chopper crash in Agusan del Sur". ABS-CBN. Retrieved November 4, 2025.
  68. ↑ Cahatol, Marilyn (November 4, 2025). "2 commercial vessels allide in Sulu port due to Typhoon Tino". ABS-CBN. Retrieved November 4, 2025.
  69. ↑ Situational Report No. 3 for the Effects of Tropical Cyclone TINO (2025) (PDF) (Report). National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council. November 4, 2025. Archived (PDF) from the original on November 4, 2025. Retrieved November 4, 2025.
  70. ↑ Rojas, Ariel (November 4, 2025). "Tino dumps more than a month's rain in Southern Leyte, Cebu". ABS-CBN. Retrieved November 4, 2025.
  71. ↑ "Tino damages school in Cagdianao". Rappler . November 4, 2025. Retrieved November 4, 2025.
  72. ↑ Yubal, Jerry Jr. (November 4, 2025). "Visayas State University-Baybay sustains extensive damage". Rappler . Retrieved November 4, 2025.
  73. ↑ Castor, Rjay Zuriaga (November 4, 2025). "Typhoon Tino leaves 2 dead in Region 6". The Manila Times . Retrieved November 4, 2025.
  74. ↑ "Woman dies after boat capsizes in Maguindanao del Sur amid rough weather from Tino". GMA News. November 3, 2025. Retrieved November 4, 2025.
  75. ↑ Cabañog, April Blanche (November 4, 2025). "9 dead in Mandaue City due to Typhoon Tino". SunStar Publishing Inc. Retrieved November 4, 2025.
  76. ↑ Esguerra, Darryl John (November 4, 2025). "Marcos orders swift aid, response for Typhoon Tino victims". Philippine News Agency . Retrieved November 4, 2025.
  • Commons-logo.svg Media related to Typhoon Kalmaegi (2025) at Wikimedia Commons
Typhoon Kalmaegi (Tino)
Kalmaegi 2025-11-03 0540Z.jpg
Kalmaegi rapidly strengthening over the Philippine Sea while approaching Siargao on November 3
Tropical cyclones of the 2025 Pacific typhoon season
2025 Pacific typhoon season summary.png
TD
TD
STS
Wutip
TD
Auring
TS
Sepat
TD
03W
TS
Mun
TY
Danas
TS
Nari
TD
07W
TS
08W
STS
Wipha
TS
Francisco
STS
Co-May
TY
Krosa
TS
Bailu
TD
TD
TD
Iona
TD
14W
TD
15W
TY
Podul
TD
Fabian
TD
17W
TS
Lingling
TY
Kajiki
TS
Nongfa
TS
Peipah
TY
Tapah
TS
Mitag
VITY
Ragasa
VITY
Neoguri
TY
Bualoi
TY
Matmo
VSTY
Halong
TY
Nakri
STS
Fengshen
TD
Salome
TY
Kalmaegi
TD
32W
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