UPSat

Last updated
UPSat
Upsatinspace.jpg
UPSat moments after deployment from the ISS
NamesQB50 GR02
Mission typeThermosphere research, part of the QB50 mission
Operator Libre Space Foundation
COSPAR ID 1998-067LX OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg
SATCAT no. 42716
Website http://upsat.gr
Mission duration18 months
Spacecraft properties
Manufacturer University of Patras, Libre Space Foundation
Launch mass2 kg
Start of mission
Launch date18 April 2017, 15:11:26 (2017-04-18UTC15:11:26)  UTC
Rocket Atlas V 401 (AV-070)
Launch siteCape Canaveral SLC-41
Contractor United Launch Alliance
End of mission
Last contact25 August 2018 (2018-08-26)
Decay date13 November 2018 (2018-11-14)
Orbital parameters
Reference system Geocentric
Regime Low Earth
Eccentricity 0.0002187
Inclination 51.6101°
Epoch Mon, 12 Nov 2018 22:54:40 GMT

UPSat was the first satellite manufactured in Greece to be successfully launched into orbit, [1] by the University of Patras and Libre Space Foundation (an earlier Greek-made communications satellite, HELMARS-SAT, although entirely constructed by 1999, was not launched due to budget limitations). [2] It was part of the QB50 mission with ID GR-02. The UPSat mission was the first satellite launched into orbit made entirely of open-source software and open-source hardware. [3]

Contents

Open-source

The UPSat mission developed an open-source hardware and software 2U cubesat, minimizing the use of commercial off the shelf components, and providing hardware and software designs under the provisions of the CERN-OHLv2 [4] and GNU-GPLv3 [5] licenses respectfully. The vast majority of its components were designed from scratch in an open-source software and hardware way.

Mission

Deployment of UPSat the first open-source hardware and software satellite in orbit UPSat deployment from ISS.gif
Deployment of UPSat the first open-source hardware and software satellite in orbit

UPSat, as part of the QB50 cubesat constellation, was launched to the International Space Station at April 18, 2017 11:11 EDT at Cape Canaveral in Florida, on board an Atlas V rocket transferring the Cygnus cargo spacecraft to dock with the International Space Station with supplies and other scientific experiments. UPSat was released in orbit by the NanoRacks deployer from the International Space Station at 08:24 UTC 2017-05-18. After 30 minutes, UPSat subsystems commenced normal operations in orbit. The SatNOGS ground-station network began receiving telemetry signals from UPSat in several ground-stations deployed globally shortly after its deployment. [6] All data and telemetry is publicly available. UPSat decayed at November 13, 2018.

Subsystems

General

UPSat Subsystems diagram Upsat subsystems.png
UPSat Subsystems diagram

EPS (Electrical Power System) An EPS designed from scratch around an STM32L1 MCU, utilizing software MPPT, harnessing power from 7 solar panels and having a 3-cell battery system.

OBC (On board Computer) An OBC designed from scratch around an STM32F4 MCU, with software built around the FreeRTOS Operating System

ADCS (Attitude Determination and Control System) An ADCS designed from scratch around STM32F4 MCU, determining attitude and position through sensor fusion (GPS, magnetometer, gyro, Sun sensor). The sensor fusion algorithm used is based on an alternative implementation of Wahba's problem, in order to accommodate gyro measurements, as introduced in. [7] This implementation uses a virtual vector base, propagated by the gyro reading, fused with the vectors provided by the sun sensor and the magnetometer, as per Wahba's problem. This forms essentially a complementary filter in SO(3) between the gyro and the vector measurements. The reference vectors in ECI frame are calculated by [8] and IGRF model, respectively, given the satellites position is known by the GPS and SGP4 model. The control system is based on a spin torquer, which is used as a reaction wheel for pitch control and also to stiffen roll and yaw to the satellite's orbit plane (Gyroscopic torque and momentum bias). Magneto-torquers are also used to dampen the roll and yaw motion while also control pitch angle.

SU (Science Unit) (see primary payload)

COMM (Communications system) A COMM designed from scratch around an STM32F4 MCU, using the TI CC1120 transceivers, with contingency around TX operations combined with a custom Antenna deployment system with an integrated GPS antenna.

IAC (Image Acquisition Component) (see secondary payload)

Structure The structural sub-system is based on a "hybrid" approach of both aluminum (frame) and CFRP components (4 faces), built in-house. [9]

Primary payload

On-board UPSat, the primary payload, a science unit is integrated. The science unit (designed by the University of Oslo and supplied through the Von Karman Institute as part of the QB50 program) will be used for plasma measurements during the mission duration. The science unit is a multi-Needle Langmuir Probe (mNLP) instrument that works by measuring the current collected individually from four needle probes, placed in front of the satellite's shock front. The collected current is converted to voltage, filtered, digitalized and then sent to the central telemetry system. [10]

Secondary payload

As a secondary payload UPSat sports an embedded Linux board (DART-4460) running a modified version of the OpenWRT operating system controlling a b/w camera (MU9PM-MH) with 1 / 2.5’’ sensor size. [11]

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References

  1. ↑ ""UPSat": O πρώτος δορυφόρος ελληνικής κατασκευής!" [The first Greek-made satellite!]. Euronews Greece (in Greek). 20 April 2016.
  2. ↑ "HELMARS-SAT:Η ιστορία του πρώτου 100% ελληνικού τηλεπικοινωνιακού δορυφόρου που δεν εκτοξεύτηκε ποτέ" [HELMARS-SAT:The story of the first 100% Greek telecommunications satellite that was never launched]. VIA Diplomacy (in Greek).
  3. ↑ Krebs, Gunter Dirk. "UPSat (QB50 GR02)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 2024-06-30.
  4. ↑ "UPSat COMMS hardware license". Gitlab. Retrieved 2020-01-06.
  5. ↑ "UPSat OBC software license". Gitlab. Retrieved 2020-01-06.
  6. ↑ "UPSat, an open-source Greek satellite". Space Daily. Retrieved 18 May 2016.
  7. ↑ Marantos, Panos; Koveos, Yannis; Kyriakopoulos, Kostas J. (July 2016). "UAV State Estimation Using Adaptive Complementary Filters". IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology. 24 (4): 1214–1226. doi:10.1109/TCST.2015.2480012. S2CID   24122954.
  8. ↑ Vallado, David A. (2007). Fundamentals of astrodynamics and applications. With technical contributions by Wayne D. McClain (3rd ed.). New York: Springer. p. 281. ISBN   978-0-387-71831-6.
  9. ↑ "Subsystems". UPSat. Archived from the original on 31 January 2023.
  10. ↑ "UPSat Scientific Unit". UPSat. 25 March 2016. Archived from the original on 31 January 2023. Retrieved 12 July 2017.
  11. ↑ "UPSat Image Acquisition Component". UPSat. 25 March 2016. Archived from the original on 31 January 2023. Retrieved 12 July 2017.
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