Umbra (fish)

Umbra Temporal range: Late Eocene to present PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
European mudminnow, Umbra krameri
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Actinopterygii
Order:	Salmoniformes
Family:	Umbridae
Genus:	Umbra W. H. Kramer, 1777
Type species
Umbra krameri Walbaum, 1792

Umbra is a genus of mudminnows native to Europe and North America. It is the only extant member of the family Umbridae.

Phylogenetic evidence suggests the North American and European clades split between the Late Cretaceous or early Paleogene, making this a rather ancient group. ^[1]

Species

The currently recognized species in this genus are: ^[2]

• Umbra krameri Walbaum, 1792 (European mudminnow)
• Umbra limi (Kirtland, 1840) (central mudminnow)
• Umbra pygmaea (DeKay, 1842) (eastern mudminnow)

The following fossil species are also known:

• † Umbra euronota Schwarzhans et al., 2024 - Middle Miocene of Ukraine [ otolith] ^[3]
• †Umbra irtyshensis Sytchevskaya, 1968 ^[4]
• † Umbra longidorsalis Böhme, 2004 - Early Miocene of the Czech Republic (Most Formation) ^[5]
• † Umbra oderiensis Oberhlová, 1978 - Late Oligocene/Early Miocene of the Czech Republic ^[5]
• † Umbra perpusilla (Agassiz, 1839) - Middle Miocene of Germany ^[6]
• † Umbra praekrameri Weinfurter, 1950 - Late Miocene of Austria [otolith] ^[3]
• † Umbra prochazkai Oberhlová, 1978 - Late Oligocene of the Czech Republic ^{[1] [5]}

Fossil specimen of Umbra perpusilla

Indeterminate Umbra scales are known from the Late Eocene/Early Oligocene of the Czech Republic. ^[7]

References

1. Marić, Saša; Stanković, David; Wanzenböck, Josef; Šanda, Radek; Erős, Tibor; Takács, Péter; Specziár, András; Sekulić, Nenad; Bănăduc, Doru; Ćaleta, Marko; Trombitsky, Ilya; Galambos, László; Sipos, Sándor; Snoj, Aleš (2017-05-01). "Phylogeography and population genetics of the European mudminnow (Umbra krameri) with a time-calibrated phylogeny for the family Umbridae". Hydrobiologia. 792 (1): 151–168. doi:10.1007/s10750-016-3051-9. ISSN   1573-5117.
2. Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Species in genus Umbra". FishBase . February 2012 version.
3. Schwarzhans, Werner; Klots, Oleksandr; Kovalchuk, Oleksandr; Dubikovska, Anastasiia; Ryabokon, Tamara; Kovalenko, Volodymyr (2024-09-08). "Life on a Miocene barrier reef – fish communities and environments in the Medobory backreef". Palaeontologia Electronica. 27 (3): 1–44. doi: 10.26879/1429 . ISSN   1094-8074.
4. Nelson, Gareth J.; Nelson, Gareth J. (1972). Cephalic sensory canals, pitlines, and the classification of esocoid fishes, with notes on galaxiids and other teleosts. Vol. 2492. New York, N.Y: American Museum of Natural History.
5. Kvacek, Zlatko; Rajchl; Bohme; Dvorak; Mach; Prokop; Konzalova (2004). "Early Miocene freshwater and swamp ecosystems of the Most Basin (northern Bohemia) with particular reference to the Bilina Mine section". Journal of Geosciences. 49 (1–2): 1–40. ISSN   1802-6222.
6. Brignon, Arnaud (2016). "Les poissons téléostéens d'Öhningen (Miocène, Allemagne) de la collection Johann Conrad Ammann étudiés par Georges Cuvier et leur apport à l'histoire de la paléontologie". Geodiversitas. 38 (1): 33–64. doi:10.5252/g2016n1a3. ISSN   1280-9659.
7. Kvaček, Z.; Teodoridis, V.; Mach, K.; Přikryl, T.; Dvořák, Z. (2013-12-12). "Tracing the Eocene–Oligocene transition: a case study from North Bohemia". Bulletin of Geosciences. doi:10.3140/bull.geosci.1411. ISSN   1802-8225.