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16 of the 48 seats in the United States Senate (plus special elections) 25 seats needed for a majority | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The United States Senate elections of 1834 and 1835 were elections that had the Anti-Jackson coalition maintain control of the United States Senate. However, during the 24th Congress, the Jacksonian coalition gained control of the Senate.
The United States Senate is the upper chamber of the United States Congress, which along with the United States House of Representatives—the lower chamber—comprises the legislature of the United States. The Senate chamber is located in the north wing of the Capitol, in Washington, D.C.
As this election was prior to ratification of the seventeenth amendment, Senators were chosen by State legislatures.
The Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution established the popular election of United States Senators by the people of the states. The amendment supersedes Article I, §3, Clauses 1 and 2 of the Constitution, under which senators were elected by state legislatures. It also alters the procedure for filling vacancies in the Senate, allowing for state legislatures to permit their governors to make temporary appointments until a special election can be held.
A state legislature in the United States is the legislative body of any of the 50 U.S. states. The formal name varies from state to state. In 25 states, the legislature is simply called the Legislature, or the State Legislature, while in 19 states, the legislature is called the General Assembly. In Massachusetts and New Hampshire, the legislature is called the General Court, while North Dakota and Oregon designate the legislature the Legislative Assembly.
Senate Party Division, 24th Congress (1835–1837)
The Nullifier Party was an American political party based in South Carolina in the 1830s. Considered an early American third party, it was started by John C. Calhoun sometime in May–December 1828.
After the January 20, 1835 special election in Maine.
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John Tyler was the tenth president of the United States from 1841 to 1845 after briefly being the tenth vice president (1841); he was elected to the latter office on the 1840 Whig ticket with President William Henry Harrison. Tyler ascended to the presidency after Harrison's death in April 1841, only a month after the start of the new administration. He was a stalwart supporter of states' rights, and as president he adopted nationalist policies only when they did not infringe on the powers of the states. His unexpected rise to the presidency, with the resulting threat to the presidential ambitions of Henry Clay and other politicians, left him estranged from both major political parties. |
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In these special elections, the winners were seated during 1834 or before March 4, 1835; ordered by election date.
State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
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Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
Virginia (Class 2) | William Rives | Jacksonian | 1832 (Special) | Incumbent resigned February 22, 1834. Successor elected February 26, 1834. Winner was also elected to the next term, see below. Anti-Jacksonian gain. | √ Benjamin W. Leigh (Anti-Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing.] |
Pennsylvania (Class 3) | William Wilkins | Jacksonian | 1832 | Incumbent resigned June 30, 1834 to become U.S. Minister to Russia. Winner elected December 6, 1834. Jacksonian hold. | √ James Buchanan (Jacksonian) 66 (49.62%) [1] Amos Ellmaker (Anti-Jacksonian) 31 (23.31%) James Clarke (Jacksonian) 26 (19.55%) Joseph Lawrence (Anti-Jacksonian) 6 (4.51%) Joel Sutherland (Jacksonian) 1 (0.75%) Not voting 3 (2.26%) |
Georgia (Class 3) | John Forsyth | Jacksonian | 1829 (Special) 1831 | Incumbent resigned June 27, 1834 to become U.S. Minister to Spain. Winner elected January 12, 1835. Jacksonian hold. | √ Alfred Cuthbert (Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing.] |
Maryland (Class 3) | Ezekiel F. Chambers | Anti-Jacksonian | 1826 (Special) 1831 | Incumbent resigned December 20, 1834 to become judge of the Maryland Court of Appeals. Winner elected January 13, 1835. Anti-Jacksonian hold. | √ Robert Henry Goldsborough (Anti-Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing.] |
Maine (Class 2) | Peleg Sprague | Anti-Jacksonian | 1826 (Special) 1831 | Incumbent resigned December 20, 1834 to become judge of the Maryland Court of Appeals. Winner elected January 20, 1835. Winner was also elected to the next term, see below. Jacksonian gain. | √ John Ruggles (Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing.] |
In these general elections, the winner was seated on March 4, 1835; ordered by state.
All of the elections involved the Class 2 seats.
State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
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Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
Alabama | William R. King | Jacksonian | 1819 1822 1828 | Incumbent re-elected in 1834. | √ William R. King (Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing.] |
Delaware | John M. Clayton | Anti-Jacksonian | 1827 (Special) 1829 | Incumbent re-elected in 1835. | √ John M. Clayton (Anti-Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing.] |
Georgia | John Pendleton King | Jacksonian | 1833 (Special) | Incumbent re-elected in 1834. | √ John Pendleton King (Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing.] |
Illinois | John M. Robinson | Jacksonian | 1830 (Special) | Incumbent re-elected in 1835. | √ John M. Robinson (Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing.] |
Kentucky | George M. Bibb | Jacksonian | 1829 | Unknown if incumbent ran for re-election. Winner elected in 1835. Anti-Jacksonian gain. | √ John J. Crittenden (Anti-Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing.] |
Louisiana | George A. Waggaman | Anti-Jacksonian | 1831 (Special) | Unknown if incumbent ran for re-election. Winner elected in 1835, but due to ill-health, resigned without having been seated. Anti-Jacksonian loss. | √ Charles Gayarré (Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing.] |
Maine | John Ruggles | Jacksonian | 1835 (Special) | Incumbent re-elected in 1835 | √ John Ruggles (Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing.] |
Massachusetts | Nathaniel Silsbee | Anti-Jacksonian | 1826 (Special) 1828 | Incumbent retired. Winner elected in 1835. Anti-Jacksonian hold. | √ John Davis (Anti-Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing.] |
Mississippi | George Poindexter | Anti-Jacksonian | 1830 (Appointed) ? (Special) | Incumbent lost re-election. Winner elected in 1835. Jacksonian gain. | √ Robert J. Walker (Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing.] |
New Hampshire | Samuel Bell | Anti-Jacksonian | 1823 | Incumbent retired. Winner elected in 1835. Jacksonian gain. | √ Henry Hubbard (Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing.] |
New Jersey | Theodore Frelinghuysen | Anti-Jacksonian | 1828 | Unknown if incumbent ran for re-election. Winner elected in 1835. Jacksonian gain. | √ Garret D. Wall (Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing.] |
North Carolina | Bedford Brown | Jacksonian | 1829 (Special) | Incumbent re-elected in 1835. | √ Bedford Brown (Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing.] |
Rhode Island | Nehemiah R. Knight | Anti-Jacksonian | 1821 (Special) 1823 1829 | Incumbent re-elected in 1835. | √ Nehemiah R. Knight (Anti-Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing.] |
South Carolina | John C. Calhoun | Nullifier | 1832 (Special) | Incumbent re-elected in 1834. | √ John C. Calhoun (Nullifier) [Data unknown/missing.] |
Tennessee | Hugh Lawson White | Jacksonian | 1825 (Special) 1829 | Incumbent re-elected in 1835 as Anti-Jacksonian. Anti-Jacksonian gain. | √ Hugh Lawson White (Anti-Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing.] |
Virginia | Benjamin W. Leigh | Anti-Jacksonian | 1834 (Special) | Incumbent re-elected in 1835. | √ Benjamin W. Leigh (Anti-Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing.] |
In this special election, the winner was seated in 1835 after March 4; ordered by election date.
State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
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Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
Connecticut (Class 1) | Nathan Smith | Anti-Jacksonian | 1832 | Incumbent died December 6, 1835. Successor elected December 21, 1835. Jacksonian gain. | √ John M. Niles (Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing.] |
The Twenty-first United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1829, to March 4, 1831, during the first two years of Andrew Jackson's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the Fourth Census of the United States in 1820. Both chambers had a Jacksonian majority.
The Twenty-third United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1833, to March 4, 1835, during the fifth and sixth years of Andrew Jackson's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the Fifth Census of the United States in 1830. The Senate had an Anti-Jacksonian or National Republican majority, and the House had a Jacksonian or Democratic majority.
The Twenty-fourth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1835, to March 4, 1837, during the seventh and eighth years of Andrew Jackson's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the Fifth Census of the United States in 1830. Both chambers had a Jacksonian majority.
Elections to the United States House of Representatives for the 24th Congress were held in 1834 and 1835 during Andrew Jackson's second term in office.
Elections to the United States House of Representatives for the 19th Congress coincided with the contentious presidential election of that year. While the bulk of states held their elections in 1824, six states scheduled their general elections at various times during 1825.
The United States Senate elections of 1844 and 1845 were elections which, coinciding with James K. Polk's election, had the Democratic Party retake control of the United States Senate, gaining a net total of eleven seats from the Whigs.
The United States Senate elections of 1842 and 1843 were elections which had the Whigs lose seats but maintain control of the United States Senate. Although they lost three seats in the general elections, they gained two of them back by the start of the first session in special elections.
The United States Senate elections of 1840 and 1841 were elections which, corresponding with their Party's success in the 1840 presidential election, had the Whig Party take control of the United States Senate.
The United States Senate elections of 1838 and 1839 were elections which had the Democratic Party lose seven seats in the United States Senate, but still retain a majority.
The United States Senate elections of 1820 and 1821 were elections for the United States Senate that, corresponding with James Monroe's landslide re-election, had the Democratic-Republican Party gain seven seats, assuming almost complete control of the Senate.
The United States Senate elections of 1792 and 1793 were elections of United States Senators that coincided with President George Washington's unanimous re-election. In these elections, terms were up for the ten senators in class 2.
The United States Senate elections of 1836 and 1837 were elections that had the Jacksonian coalition emerge as the Democratic Party, and the Adams, or Anti-Jackson, coalition emerge as the Whig Party
The United States Senate elections of 1794 and 1795 were elections that had the formation of organized political parties in the United States, with the Federalist Party emerging from the Pro Administration coalition, and the Democratic-Republican Party emerging from the Anti-Administration coalition.
The United States Senate elections of 1832 and 1833 were elections that had the Anti-Jackson coalition assume control of the United States Senate from the Jacksonian coalition, despite Andrew Jackson's victory in the presidential election.
The United States Senate elections of 1830 and 1831 were elections that had Jacksonians gain one seat in the United States Senate from the Anti-Jacksonian coalition, but lose one seat to the short-lived Nullifier Party. By the time Congress first met in December 1831, however, the Jacksonians had a net loss of one seat.
In the United States Senate elections of 1828 and 1829, the Jacksonian coalition, despite its leader's victory in the presidential election, lost a seat in the Senate to the opposing Anti-Jacksonian coalition.
The United States Senate elections of 1826 and 1827 were elections that had the majority Jacksonians gain a seat in the United States Senate.
The United States Senate elections of 1822 and 1823 were elections for the United States Senate that had the Democratic-Republican Party continue almost complete control of the Senate.
The United States Senate elections of 1824 and 1825 were elections for the United States Senate that saw the Jacksonians gain a majority over the Anti-Jacksonian National Republican Party.
The 1834 United States elections occurred in the middle of Democratic President Andrew Jackson's second term. Members of the 24th United States Congress were chosen in this election. Taking place during the Second Party System, elections were contested between Andrew Jackson's Democratic Party and opponents of Jackson, including the remnants of the National Republican Party. During this election, the anti-Jackson faction began to transition into the Whig Party. Arkansas and Michigan joined the union during the 24th Congress. Democrats retained the majority in the House, and won control of the Senate.