United States Senate elections, 1924

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United States Senate elections, 1924
Flag of the United States (1912-1959).svg
  1922 November 4, 1924 1926  

32 of the 96 seats in the United States Senate
49 seats needed for a majority

 Majority partyMinority party
  Henry Cabot Lodge c1916.jpg Joseph t robinson.jpg
Leader Henry Cabot Lodge
(unofficial)
Joseph Robinson
Party Republican Democratic
Leader sinceMarch 4, 1919December 3, 1923
Leader's seat Massachusetts Arkansas
Seats before5143
Seats after5441
Seat changeIncrease2.svg 3Decrease2.svg 2
Seats up1714
Races won2012

 Third party
 
Party Farmer–Labor
Leader's seat Minnesota
Seats before2
Seats after1
Seat changeDecrease2.svg 1
Seats up1
Races won0

US 1924 senate election map.svg
Results including special elections
     Democratic gains     Republican gains
     Democratic holds     Republican holds

Majority Leader before election

Henry Cabot Lodge
Republican

Elected Majority Leader

Charles Curtis
Republican

The United States Senate elections of 1924 were elections for the United States Senate which coincided with the election of Republican President Calvin Coolidge to a full term. The strong economy and Coolidge's popularity helped Republican candidates increase their majority by four, although several interim appointments had worsened their numbers since the 1922 election; as a result, the party achieved a net gain of only one seat since the previous voting cycle.

United States Senate Upper house of the United States Congress

The United States Senate is the upper chamber of the United States Congress, which along with the United States House of Representatives—the lower chamber—comprises the legislature of the United States. The Senate chamber is located in the north wing of the Capitol, in Washington, D.C.

Republican Party (United States) Major political party in the United States

The Republican Party, also referred to as the GOP, is one of the two major political parties in the United States; the other is its historic rival, the Democratic Party.

Calvin Coolidge 30th president of the United States

John Calvin Coolidge Jr. was an American politician and lawyer who served as the 30th president of the United States from 1923 to 1929. A Republican lawyer from New England, born in Vermont, Coolidge worked his way up the ladder of Massachusetts state politics, eventually becoming governor. His response to the Boston Police Strike of 1919 thrust him into the national spotlight and gave him a reputation as a man of decisive action. The next year, he was elected vice president of the United States, and he succeeded to the presidency upon the sudden death of Warren G. Harding in 1923. Elected in his own right in 1924, he gained a reputation as a small government conservative and also as a man who said very little and had a rather dry sense of humor.

Contents

Gains and losses

The Republicans gained from an open seat:

William B. Pine American politician

William Bliss Pine was a United States Senator from Oklahoma. Born in Illinois, he moved to Kansas and finally Oklahoma, where he became a prominent busineman and oil producer. As a senator, he was economically conservative, but considered progressive in his agricultural positions. With the onset of the Great Depression, he and many other Republican politicians were turned out of office.

Republicans also defeated Democratic incumbents:

Frederic M. Sackett American politician

Frederic Mosley Sackett served as a United States Senator from Kentucky and ambassador to Germany during the Hoover Administration.

Frederick H. Gillett American politician

Frederick Huntington Gillett was an American politician who served in the Massachusetts state government and both houses of the U.S. Congress between 1879 and 1931, including six years as Speaker of the House.

David I. Walsh U.S. Senator from Massachusetts, Democrat, 1919-1925, 1926-47

David Ignatius Walsh was a United States politician from Massachusetts. A member of the Democratic Party, he served as the 46th Governor of Massachusetts before serving several terms in the United States Senate.

A Republican defeated a Farmer–Labor incumbent:

Thomas D. Schall American lawyer and politician

Thomas David Schall was an American lawyer and politician. He served in both the United States House of Representatives and the United States Senate from Minnesota. He was initially elected as a Progressive but later joined the Republican Party.

Magnus Johnson politician

Magnus Johnson was an American farmer and politician. He served in the United States Senate and United States House of Representatives from Minnesota as a member of the Farmer–Labor Party.

A Democrat defeated a Republican incumbent:

Sam G. Bratton American judge

Sam Gilbert Bratton was a United States Senator from New Mexico and a United States Circuit Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit.

Holm O. Bursum United States Senator from New Mexico

Holm Olaf Bursum was a politician from the U.S. state of New Mexico, whose activities were instrumental for gaining statehood under the Taft Administration and later served as United States Senator from New Mexico.

Holds

The Republicans held two open seats:

Jesse H. Metcalf American politician

Jesse Houghton Metcalf was a United States Senator from Rhode Island.

Guy D. Goff American politician

Guy Despard Goff was a United States Senator from West Virginia.

Davis Elkins United States Senator from West Virginia

Davis Elkins was a United States Senator from West Virginia.

The Republicans held three seats in primary contests:

The Democrats held two seats in primary contests:

Change in Senate composition

Before the elections

At the beginning of 1924.

 D1D2D3D4D5D6D7D8
D18D17D16D15D14D13D12D11D10D9
D19D20D21D22D23D24D25D26D27D28
D38
Ran
D37
Ran
D36
Ran
D35
Ran
D34
Ran
D33
Ran
D32
Ran
D31
Ran
D30
Ran
D29
D39
Ran
D40
Ran
D41
Ran
D42
Ran
D43
Retired
FL1FL2
Ran
R51
Died
R50
Retired
R49
Ran
Majority →
R39
Ran
R40
Ran
R41
Ran
R42
Ran
R43
Ran
R44
Ran
R45
Ran
R46
Ran
R47
Ran
R48
Ran
R38
Ran
R37
Ran
R36
Ran
R35
Ran
R34R33R32R31R30R29
R19R20R21R22R23R24R25R26R27R28
R18R17R16R15R14R13R12R11R10R9
R1R2R3R4R5R6R7R8

After the general elections

 D1D2D3D4D5D6D7D8
D18D17D16D15D14D13D12D11D10D9
D19D20D21D22D23D24D25D26D27D28
D38
Re-elected
D37
Re-elected
D36
Re-elected
D35
Re-elected
D34
Re-elected
D33
Re-elected
D32
Re-elected
D31
Re-elected
D30
Re-elected
D29
D39
Hold
D40
Hold
D41
Gain
FL1R54
Gain
R53
Gain
R52
Gain
R51
Gain
R50
Hold
R49
Hold
Majority →
R39
Ran
R40
Ran
R41
Ran
R42
Ran
R43
Ran
R44
Ran
R45
Ran
R46
Hold
R47
Hold
R48
Hold
R38
Ran
R37
Ran
R36
Ran
R35
Ran
R34R33R32R31R30R29
R19R20R21R22R23R24R25R26R27R28
R18R17R16R15R14R13R12R11R10R9
R1R2R3R4R5R6R7R8

After the special elections

 D1D2D3D4D5D6D7D8
D18D17D16D15D14D13D12D11D10D9
D19D20D21D22D23D24D25D26D27D28
D38D37D36D35D34D33D32D31D30D29
D39D40FL1R55
Gain
R54
Appointee elected
R53
Hold
R52
Hold
R51R50R49
Majority →
R39R40R41R42R43R44R45R46R47R48
R38R37R36R35R34R33R32R31R30R29
R19R20R21R22R23R24R25R26R27R28
R18R17R16R15R14R13R12R11R10R9
R1R2R3R4R5R6R7R8
Key:
D# Democratic
FL# Farmer–Labor
R# Republican

Race summaries

Special elections during the 68th Congress

In these special elections, the winners were seated during 1924 or before March 4, 1925; ordered by election date.

StateIncumbentResultsCandidates
SenatorPartyElectoral history
Colorado
(Class 3)
Alva B. Adams Democratic1923 (Appointed)Interim appointee retired to run for the Class 2 seat, see below.
New senator elected November 4, 1924.
Republican gain.
Rice W. Means (Republican) 50.2%
Morrison Shafroth (Democratic) 43.7%
Charles T. Phelps (Independent) 5.5%
Michigan
(Class 2)
James J. Couzens Republican1922 (Appointed)Interim appointee elected November 4, 1924.James J. Couzens (Republican)
[Data unknown/missing.]
Rhode Island
(Class 2)
LeBaron B. Colt Republican 1913
1918
Incumbent died August 18, 1924.
New senator elected November 4, 1924.
Republican hold.
Winner was also elected to the next term, see below.
Jesse H. Metcalf (Republican) 56.4%
William S. Flynn (Democratic) 42.6%
Connecticut
(Class 3)
Frank B. Brandegee Republican 1905 (Special)
1909
1914
1920
Incumbent died October 14, 1924.
New senator elected December 16, 1924.
Republican hold.
Hiram Bingham III (Republican) 60.4%
Hamilton Holt (Democratic) 38.6%

Elections leading to the 69th Congress

In these general elections, the winners were elected for the term beginning March 4, 1925; ordered by state.

All of the elections involved the Class 2 seats.

StateIncumbentResultsCandidates
SenatorPartyElectoral history
Alabama J. Tom Heflin Democratic 1920 (Special) Incumbent re-elected.J. Tom Heflin (Democratic) 75.2%
F. H. Lathrop (Republican) 24.8%
Arkansas Joseph T. Robinson Democratic 1913
1918
Incumbent re-elected.Joseph T. Robinson (Democratic) 73.5%
Charles F. Cole (Republican) 26.5%
Colorado Lawrence C. Phipps Republican 1918 Incumbent re-elected.Lawrence C. Phipps (Republican) 50.2%
Alva B. Adams (Democratic) 43.9%
Morton Alexander (Independent) 5.0%
Delaware L. Heisler Ball Republican 1903 (Special)
1906 (Lost)
1918
Incumbent lost renomination.
New senator elected.
Republican hold.
T. Coleman du Pont (Republican) 59.4%
James M. Tunnell (Democratic) 40.6%
Georgia William J. Harris Democratic 1918 Incumbent re-elected.William J. Harris (Democratic)
Unopposed
Idaho William E. Borah Republican 1907
1913
1918
Incumbent re-elected.William E. Borah (Republican) 79.5%
Frank Martin (Democratic) 20.1%
Illinois Medill McCormick Republican 1918 Incumbent lost renomination.
New senator elected.
Republican hold.
Incumbent then died and winner was appointed to finish the current term.
Charles S. Deneen (Republican) 63.5%
Albert A. Sprague (Democratic) 35.4%
Iowa Smith W. Brookhart Republican 1918 Incumbent re-elected.
Election was later successfully challenged after the new senator had been seated. [1]
Smith W. Brookhart (Republican) 50.0%
Daniel F. Steck (Democratic) 49.9%
Kansas Arthur Capper Republican 1918 Incumbent re-elected.Arthur Capper (Republican) 70.1%
James Malone (Democratic) 25.2%
Kentucky Augustus O. Stanley Democratic 1918 Incumbent lost re-election.
New senator elected.
Republican gain.
Frederic M. Sackett (Republican) 51.6%
Augustus O. Stanley (Democratic) 48.4%
Louisiana Joseph E. Ransdell Democratic 1912
1918
Incumbent re-elected.Joseph E. Ransdell (Democratic)
Unopposed
Maine Bert M. Fernald Republican 1916 (Special)
1918
Incumbent re-elected.Bert M. Fernald (Republican) 60.4%
Fulton J. Redman (Democratic) 28.2%
Massachusetts David I. Walsh Democratic 1918 Incumbent lost re-election.
New senator elected.
Republican gain.
Frederick H. Gillett (Republican) 50.3%
David I. Walsh (Democratic) 48.6%
Michigan James Couzens Republican 1918 Incumbent re-elected.James Couzens (Republican) 74.3%
Mortimer E. Cooley (Democratic) 24.6%
Minnesota Magnus Johnson Farmer–Labor 1923 (Special) Incumbent lost re-election.
New senator elected.
Republican gain.
Thomas D. Schall (Republican) 46.5%
Magnus Johnson (Farmer–Labor) 45.5%
John J. Farrell (Democratic) 6.4%
Mississippi Pat Harrison Democratic 1918 Incumbent re-elected.Pat Harrison (Democratic)
Unopposed
Montana Thomas J. Walsh Democratic 1913
1918
Incumbent re-elected.Thomas J. Walsh (Democratic) 52.8%
Frank B. Linderman (Republican) 42.4%
Nebraska George W. Norris Republican 1913
1918
Incumbent re-elected.George W. Norris (Republican) 62.4%
J. J. Thomas (Democratic) 37.6%
New Hampshire Henry W. Keyes Republican 1918 Incumbent re-elected.Henry W. Keyes (Republican) 59.8%
George E. Farrand (Democratic) 40.2%
New Jersey Walter E. Edge Republican 1918 Incumbent re-elected.Walter E. Edge (Republican) 61.8%
Frederick W. Donnelly (Democratic) 33.7%
New Mexico Holm O. Bursum Republican1921 (Appointed)
1921 (Special)
Incumbent lost re-election.
New senator elected.
Democratic gain.
Sam G. Bratton (Democratic) 49.9%
Holm O. Bursum (Republican) 47.4%
North Carolina Furnifold M. Simmons Democratic 1901
1907
1913
1918
Incumbent re-elected.Furnifold M. Simmons (Democratic) 61.6%
A. A. Whitener (Republican) 38.5%
Oklahoma Robert L. Owen Democratic 1907
1913
1918
Incumbent retired.
New senator elected.
Republican gain.
William B. Pine (Republican) 61.6%
John C. Walton (Democratic) 35.4%
Oregon Charles L. McNary Republican1917 (Appointed)
1918 (Not elected)
1918 (Appointed)
1918
Incumbent re-elected.Charles L. McNary (Republican) 66.0%
Milton A. Miller (Democratic) 24.7%
F. E. Coulter (Progressive) 7.7%
Rhode Island LeBaron B. Colt Republican 1913
1918
Incumbent died August 18, 1924.
New senator elected.
Republican hold.
Winner was also elected to finish the current term, see above.
Jesse H. Metcalf (Republican) 57.6%
William S. Flynn (Democratic) 41.8%
South Carolina Nathaniel B. Dial Democratic 1918 Incumbent lost renomination.
New senator elected.
Democratic hold.
Coleman L. Blease (Democratic)
Unopposed
South Dakota Thomas Sterling Republican 1913
1918
Incumbent lost renomination.
New senator elected.
Republican hold.
William H. McMaster (Republican) 45.4%
U. S. G. Cherry (Democratic) 33.1%
Tom Ayres (Farmer–Labor) 12.1%
George Egan (Independent) 7.2%
Tennessee John K. Shields Democratic 1913
1918
Incumbent lost renomination.
New senator elected.
Democratic hold.
Lawrence D. Tyson (Democratic) 57.3%
H. B. Lindsay (Republican) 42.6%
Texas Morris Sheppard Democratic 1913 (Special)
1913
1918
Incumbent re-elected.Morris Sheppard (Democratic) 85.4%
T. M. Kennerly (Republican) 14.6%
Virginia Carter Glass Democratic1920
1920 (Special)
Incumbent re-elected.Carter Glass (Democratic) 73.1%
W. N. Noak (Republican) 24.2%
West Virginia Davis Elkins Republican1911 (Appointed)
1911 (Retired)
1918
Incumbent retired.
New senator elected.
Republican hold.
Guy D. Goff (Republican) 50.9%
William E. Chilton (Democratic) 47.7%
Wyoming Francis E. Warren Republican 1895
1901
1907
1913
1918
Incumbent re-elected.Francis E. Warren (Republican) 55.2%
Robert R. Rose (Democratic) 44.8%

Elections during the 69th Congress

In these special elections, the winners were seated after March 4, 1925.

StateIncumbentResultsCandidates
SenatorPartyElectoral history
Wisconsin
(Class 3)
Robert M. La Follette Sr. Republican 1905
1911
1916
1920
Incumbent died June 18, 1925.
New senator elected September 29, 1925.
Republican hold.
Robert M. La Follette Jr. (Republican) 67.6%
Edward F. Dithmar (Republican) 26.0%
John M. Work (Socialist) 3.2%
William G. Bruce (Independent Democratic) 3.1%

See also

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References

  1. This is the only time a Senate election has been overturned after one candidate had already been seated.[ citation needed ]