United States Senate elections, 1904 and 1905

United States Senate elections, 1904 and 1905
30 of the 90 seats in the United States Senate ; (as well as special elections); 46 seats needed for a majority
Majority Party before election; Republican;	Elected Majority Party; Republican;

Last updated April 01, 2019

The United States Senate elections of 1904 and 1905 were elections that coincided with President Theodore Roosevelt's landslide election to a full term. Party share of seats remained roughly the same, when including vacancies and appointments, and the Republicans retained a significant majority over the Democrats.

Theodore Roosevelt Jr. was an American statesman, sportsman, conservationist, and writer who served as the 26th president of the United States from 1901 to 1909. He previously served as the 25th vice president of the United States from March to September 1901 and as the 33rd governor of New York from 1899 to 1900. As a leader of the Republican Party during this time, he became a driving force for the Progressive Era in the United States in the early 20th century. His face is depicted on Mount Rushmore, alongside those of George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, and Abraham Lincoln. In polls of historians and political scientists, Roosevelt is generally ranked as one of the five best presidents.

Results summary
Change in Senate composition
Before the elections
Result of the general elections
Beginning of the next Congress
Race summaries
Special elections during the 58th Congress
Races leading to the 59th Congress
Elections during the 59th Congress
Complete list of races
New York
Pennsylvania
See also
Notes
References

As these elections were prior to ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment, senators were chosen by State legislatures.

The Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution established the popular election of United States Senators by the people of the states. The amendment supersedes Article I, §3, Clauses 1 and 2 of the Constitution, under which senators were elected by state legislatures. It also alters the procedure for filling vacancies in the Senate, allowing for state legislatures to permit their governors to make temporary appointments until a special election can be held.

A state legislature in the United States is the legislative body of any of the 50 U.S. states. The formal name varies from state to state. In 25 states, the legislature is simply called the Legislature, or the State Legislature, while in 19 states, the legislature is called the General Assembly. In Massachusetts and New Hampshire, the legislature is called the General Court, while North Dakota and Oregon designate the legislature the Legislative Assembly.

This was the last election cycle until 1996 which featured a presidential candidate who won re-election without securing coattails in the Senate in either of his presidential runs.

Results summary

Senate Party Division, 59th Congress (1905–1907)

Majority Party: Republican (58)
Minority Party: Democratic (32)
Other Parties: (0)
Total Seats: 90

Change in Senate composition

Before the elections

At the beginning of 1904.

R₅₅ Retired	R₅₄ Retired	R₅₃ Retired	R₅₂ Retired	R₅₁ Ran but died	R₅₀ Ran	R₄₉ Ran	R₄₈ Ran	R₄₇ Ran	R₄₆ Ran
					D₁	D₂	D₃	D₄	D₅
D₁₅	D₁₄	D₁₃	D₁₂	D₁₁	D₁₀	D₉	D₈	D₇	D₆
D₁₆	D₁₇	D₁₈	D₁₉	D₂₀	D₂₁	D₂₂	D₂₃	D₂₄	D₂₅
R₅₆ Retired	R₅₇ Retired	D₃₃ Retired	D₃₂ Ran	D₃₁ Ran	D₃₀ Ran	D₂₉ Ran	D₂₈ Ran	D₂₇ Ran	D₂₆
Majority →									R₄₆ Ran
R₃₆ Ran	R₃₇ Ran	R₃₈ Ran	R₃₉ Ran	R₄₀ Ran	R₄₁ Ran	R₄₂ Ran	R₄₃ Ran	R₄₄ Ran	R₄₅ Ran
R₃₅ Ran	R₃₄	R₃₃	R₃₂	R₃₁	R₃₀	R₂₉	R₂₈	R₂₇	R₂₆
R₁₆	R₁₇	R₁₈	R₁₉	R₂₀	R₂₁	R₂₂	R₂₃	R₂₄	R₂₅
R₁₅	R₁₄	R₁₃	R₁₂	R₁₁	R₁₀	R₉	R₈	R₇	R₆
					R₁	R₂	R₃	R₄	R₅

Result of the general elections

R₅₂ Hold	R₅₁ Hold	R₅₀ Hold	R₄₉ Hold	R₄₈ Re-elected	R₄₇ Re-elected	R₄₆ Re-elected	R₄₅ Re-elected	R₄₄ Re-elected	V₁ D Loss
					D₁	D₂	D₃	D₄	D₅
D₁₅	D₁₄	D₁₃	D₁₂	D₁₁	D₁₀	D₉	D₈	D₇	D₆
D₁₆	D₁₇	D₁₈	D₁₉	D₂₀	D₂₁	D₂₂	D₂₃	D₂₄	D₂₅
R₅₃ Hold	R₅₄ Hold	R₅₅ Hold	R₅₆ Gain	D₃₁ Gain	D₃₀ Re-elected	D₂₉ Re-elected	D₂₈ Re-elected	D₂₇ Re-elected	D₂₆
Majority →									V₂ D Loss
R₃₆ Re-elected	R₃₇ Re-elected	R₃₈ Re-elected	R₃₉ Re-elected	R₄₀ Re-elected	R₄₁ Re-elected	R₄₂ Re-elected	R₄₃ Re-elected		V₃ R Loss
R₃₅ Re-elected	R₃₄	R₃₃	R₃₂	R₃₁	R₃₀	R₂₉	R₂₈	R₂₇	R₂₆
R₁₆	R₁₇	R₁₈	R₁₉	R₂₀	R₂₁	R₂₂	R₂₃	R₂₄	R₂₅
R₁₅	R₁₄	R₁₃	R₁₂	R₁₁	R₁₀	R₉	R₈	R₇	R₆
					R₁	R₂	R₃	R₄	R₅

Beginning of the next Congress

					D₁	D₂	D₃	D₄	D₅
D₁₅	D₁₄	D₁₃	D₁₂	D₁₁	D₁₀	D₉	D₈	D₇	D₆
D₁₆	D₁₇	D₁₈	D₁₉	D₂₀	D₂₁	D₂₂	D₂₃	D₂₄	D₂₅
R₅₄	R₅₅	R₅₆	D₃₂ Appointed	D₃₁	D₃₀	D₂₉	D₂₈	D₂₇	D₂₆
R₅₃	R₅₂	R₅₁	R₅₀	R₄₉	R₄₈	R₄₇	R₄₆	R₄₅	V₁
Majority →								R₄₅	V₁
R₃₆	R₃₇	R₃₈	R₃₉	R₄₀	R₄₁	R₄₂	R₄₃	R₄₄	V₂
R₃₅	R₃₄	R₃₃	R₃₂	R₃₁	R₃₀	R₂₉	R₂₈	R₂₇	R₂₆
R₁₆	R₁₇	R₁₈	R₁₉	R₂₀	R₂₁	R₂₂	R₂₃	R₂₄	R₂₅
R₁₅	R₁₄	R₁₃	R₁₂	R₁₁	R₁₀	R₉	R₈	R₇	R₆
					R₁	R₂	R₃	R₄	R₅

Key:

D_#	Democratic
R_#	Republican
V_#	Vacant

Race summaries

Special elections during the 58th Congress

In these elections, the winners were seated during 1904 or in 1905 before March 4; ordered by election date.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
State	Senator	Party	Electoral history	Results	Candidates
Ohio (Class 1)	Mark Hanna	Republican	1877 (Appointed) 1898 (Special) 1898	Incumbent died February 15, 1904. New senator elected March 2, 1904.^[1] Republican hold. Winner was also elected to the next term, see below.	√ Charles W. F. Dick (Republican) 174 votes John H. Clarke (Democratic) 25 votes^[1]
Pennsylvania (Class 1)	Matthew Quay	Republican	1887 1893 1899 (Legislature failed to elect) 1899 (Re-elected but not qualified) 1901 (Special)	Incumbent died May 28, 1904. New senator elected January 17, 1905.^[2] Republican hold. Winner was also elected to the next term, see below.	√ Philander C. Knox (Republican) 100.00%
Massachusetts (Class 2)	Winthrop M. Crane	Republican	1904 (Appointed)	Interim appointee elected January 18, 1905.^[3]	√ Winthrop M. Crane (Republican) [Data unknown/missing.]

In this election, the winner was seated March 4, 1905.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
State	Senator	Party	Electoral history	Results	Candidates
Indiana (Class 3)	Charles W. Fairbanks	Republican	1897 1903	Incumbent resigned March 3, 1905 to become U.S. Vice President. New senator elected January 18, 1905 begin service on the first day of the new Congress. Republican hold.	√ James A. Hemenway (Republican) 100.00%

In these elections, the winners were seated March 4, 1907 in the 60th Congress; ordered by election date.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
State	Senator	Party	Electoral history	Results	Candidates
Mississippi (Class 2)	Anselm J. McLaurin	Democratic	1894 (Special) 1900	Incumbent re-elected early January 19, 1904.	√ Anselm J. McLaurin (Republican) Unopposed^[4]
Louisiana (Class 2)	Murphy J. Foster	Democratic	1900	Incumbent re-elected early May 18, 1904.^[5]	√ Murphy J. Foster (Democratic) 148 votes Unopposed^[5]

Races leading to the 59th Congress

In these general elections, the winners were elected for the term beginning March 4, 1905; ordered by state.

All of the elections involved the Class 1 seats.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
State	Senator	Party	Electoral history	Results	Candidates
California	Thomas R. Bard	Republican	1900	Incumbent lost renomination New senator elected January 11, 1905.^[3] Republican hold.	√ Frank Putnam Flint (Republican) 111 votes Theodore Arlington Bell (Democratic) 8 votes^[3]
Connecticut	Joseph Roswell Hawley	Republican	1881 1887 1893	Incumbent retired. New senator elected January 17, 1905.^[6] Republican hold.	√ Morgan Bulkeley (Republican) 228 votes A. Heaton Robertson (Democratic) 37 votes^[6]
Delaware	L. Heisler Ball	Republican	1903 (Special)	Incumbent retired. Legislature failed to elect. Republican loss. Seat would remain vacant until June 13, 1906.	J. Edward Addicks (Union Republican) Willard Saulsbury Jr. (Democratic) Henry A. du Pont (Republican) James H. Hughes (Democratic)
Florida	James Taliaferro	Democratic	1899 (Special)	Legislature failed to elect. Democratic loss. Incumbent would be appointed to start the term. Appointee was later elected to finish the term, see below.	[Data unknown/missing.]
Indiana	Albert J. Beveridge	Republican	1899	Incumbent re-elected January 18, 1905.^[3]	√ Albert J. Beveridge (Republican) Unopposed
Maine	Eugene Hale	Republican	1881 1887 1893 1899	Incumbent re-elected January 18, 1905.^[3]	√ Eugene Hale (Republican) [Data unknown/missing.]
Maryland	Louis E. McComas	Republican	1898	Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected February 4, 1904. Democratic gain.	√ Isidor Rayner (Democratic) 70.49% Louis E. McComas (Republican) 29.51%
Massachusetts	Henry Cabot Lodge	Republican	1893 1899	Incumbent re-elected January 18, 1905.^[3]	√ Henry Cabot Lodge (Republican) Unopposed
Michigan	Julius C. Burrows	Republican	1899	Incumbent re-elected January 18, 1905.^[3]	√ Julius C. Burrows (Republican) Unopposed
Minnesota	Moses E. Clapp	Republican	1901	Incumbent re-elected January 18, 1905.^[3]	√ Moses E. Clapp (Republican) Unopposed
Mississippi	Hernando Money	Democratic	1897 (Appointed) 1899	Incumbent re-elected January 19, 1904.^[7]	√ Hernando Money (Democratic) Unopposed
Missouri	Francis Cockrell	Democratic	1874 1881 1887 1893 1899	Incumbent lost re-election. Legislature failed to elect. Democratic loss.^[3]	William Warner (Republican) Francis Cockrell (Democratic) Thomas K. Niedringhaus (Republican)^[3]
Montana	Paris Gibson	Democratic	1901 (Special)	Incumbent retired. New senator elected January 16, 1905.^[3] Republican gain.	√ Thomas H. Carter (Republican) 62 votes W.C. Conrad (Democratic) 28 votes Martin Dee (Fusion) 6 votes Scattering 6 votes^[3]
Nebraska	Charles Henry Dietrich	Republican	1901 (Special)	Incumbent retired. New senator elected January 17, 1905. Republican hold.	√ Elmer Burkett (Republican) 92.19% Richard Lee Metcalfe (Democratic) 7.03% Alfred Sorenson (Republican) 0.78%
Nevada	William Morris Stewart	Republican	1887 1893 1899	Incumbent retired. New senator elected January 25, 1905.^[3] Republican hold.	√ George S. Nixon (Republican) 31 votes John Sparks (Democratic) 25 votes^[3]
New Jersey	John Kean	Republican	1899	Incumbent re-elected January 2, 1905.	√ John Kean (Republican) Unopposed
New York	Chauncey Depew	Republican	1899	Incumbent re-elected January 18, 1905.^[3]	√ Chauncey Depew (Republican) 136 votes Smith M. Weed (Democratic) 57 votes^[3]
North Dakota	Porter J. McCumber	Republican	1899	Incumbent re-elected January 18, 1905.^[3]	√ Porter J. McCumber (Republican) Unopposed
Ohio	Marcus A. Hanna	Republican	1897 (Appointed) 1898 (Special) 1898	Incumbent ran for re-election, but died February 15, 1904. New senator elected March 2, 1904.^[1] Republican hold. Winner was also elected to finish the term, see above.	√ Charles W. F. Dick (Republican) 174 votes John H. Clarke (Democratic) 25 votes^[1]
Pennsylvania	Philander C. Knox	Republican	1904 (Appointed) 1905 (Special)	Incumbent re-elected January 18, 1905.^[3]	√ Philander C. Knox (Republican) 225 votes James Knox Polk Hall (Democratic) 25 votes^[3]
Rhode Island	Nelson W. Aldrich	Republican	1881 (Special) 1886 1892 1898	Incumbent re-elected January 18, 1905.^[3]	√ Nelson W. Aldrich (Republican) 93 votes George W. Greene (Democratic) 17 votes^[3]
Tennessee	Washington C. Whitthorne	Democratic	1887 1893 1899	Incumbent re-elected January 11, 1905.^[3]	√ William B. Bate (Democratic) Walter P. Brownlow (Republican)^[3]
Texas	Charles Allen Culberson	Democratic	1899	Incumbent re-elected January 25, 1905.^[3]	√ Charles Allen Culberson (Democratic) Unopposed
Utah	Thomas Kearns	Republican	1901 (Special)	Incumbent retired. New senator elected January 18, 1905.^[3] Republican hold.	√ George Sutherland (Republican) 57 votes William H. King (Democratic) 6 votes^[3]
Vermont	Redfield Proctor	Republican	1891 (Appointed) 1892 (Special) 1892 1898	Incumbent re-elected October 18, 1904.^[8]	√ Redfield Proctor (Republican) 205 votes John H. Senter (Democratic) 31 votes^[8]
Virginia	John W. Daniel	Democratic	1887 1893 1899	Incumbent re-elected January 26, 1904.^[4]	√ John W. Daniel (Democratic) Unopposed
Washington	Addison G. Foster	Republican	1899	Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected January 27, 1905.^[3] Republican hold.	√ Samuel H. Piles (Republican) 125 votes Addison G. Foster (Republican) 2 votes George Turner (Democratic) 6 votes^[3]
West Virginia	Nathan B. Scott	Republican	1899	Incumbent re-elected January 25, 1905.^[3]	√ Nathan B. Scott (Republican) 82 votes John T. McGraw (Democratic) 27 votes^[3]
Wisconsin	Joseph V. Quarles	Republican	1899	Incumbent retired. New senator elected January 25, 1905.^[9] Republican hold.	√ Robert M. La Follette, Sr. (Republican) Unopposed
Wyoming	Clarence D. Clark	Republican	1895 (Special) 1899	Incumbent re-elected January 25, 1905.^[10]	√ Clarence D. Clark (Republican) Unopposed

Elections during the 59th Congress

In these elections, the winners were elected in 1905 after March 4; sorted by election date.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
State	Senator	Party	Electoral history	Results	Candidates
Missouri (Class 1)	Vacant			Legislature had failed to elect. New senator elected March 18, 1905. Republican gain.	√ William Warner (Republican) 91 votes Francis Cockrell (Democratic) 83 votes Thomas K. Niedringhaus (Republican) 1 vote^[3]
Tennessee (Class 1)	William B. Bate	Democratic	1887 1893 1899 1905	Incumbent, having just been re-elected, died March 9, 1905. New senator elected March 21, 1905. Democratic hold.	√ James B. Frazier (Democratic) W. P. Brownlow (Republican)^[3]
Florida (Class 1)	James Taliaferro	Democratic	1899 (Special) 1905 (Appointed)	Legislature had failed to elect. Predecessor was appointed to begin the term. Interim appointee re-elected April 20, 1905.	√ James Taliaferro (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing.]
Connecticut (Class 3)	Orville H. Platt	Republican	1879 1885 1891 1897 1903	Incumbent died April 21, 1905. New senator elected May 10, 1905. Republican hold.	√ Frank B. Brandegee (Republican) 227 votes Henry A. Bishop (Democratic) 34 votes

Complete list of races

New York

The 1905 election in New York was held on January 17, 1905, by the New York State Legislature. Republican Chauncey M. Depew had been elected to this seat in 1899, and his term would expire on March 3, 1905. At the State election in November 1904, large Republican majorities were elected for a two-year term (1905-1906) in the State Senate, and for the session of 1905 to the Assembly. The 128th State Legislature met from January 3, 1905, on at Albany, New York.

The New York State Legislature consists of the two houses that act as the state legislature of the U.S. state of New York. The New York Constitution does not designate an official term for the two houses together. It says only that "legislative power is vested in the senate and assembly." The session laws are published in the official Laws of New York. The permanent laws of a general nature are codified in the Consolidated Laws of New York. The legislature is seated at the New York State Capitol in Albany.

Late in 1904, Ex-Governor Frank S. Black tried to be nominated to succeed Depew. Black was supported by Governor Benjamin B. Odell, Jr., but after intense fighting behind the scenes, Odell finally dropped Black and accepted Depew's re-election which had been supported by his fellow Senator Thomas C. Platt and Speaker S. Frederick Nixon. The Republican caucus met on January 16. They re-nominated the incumbent U.S. Senator Chauncey M. Depew unanimously.

Frank Swett Black was an American newspaper editor, lawyer and politician. He was a member of the United States House of Representatives from 1895 to 1897, and the 32nd Governor of New York from 1897 to 1898.

Thomas Collier Platt was a two-term member of the U.S. House of Representatives (1873–1877) and a three-term U.S. Senator from New York in the years 1881 and 1897–1909. He is best known as the "political boss" of the Republican Party in New York State in the late 19th century and early 20th century. Upon his death, the New York Times stated that "no man ever exercised less influence in the Senate or the House of Representatives than he," but "no man ever exercised more power as a political leader." He considered himself the "political godfather" of many Republican governors of the state, including Theodore Roosevelt.

Samuel Frederick Nixon was an American businessman and politician.

The Democratic caucus met also on January 16. They nominated again Smith M. Weed who had been the candidate of the Democratic minority in the U.S. Senate election of 1887.

Smith Mead Weed was a Democratic lawyer and businessman of Plattsburgh, New York who served as a member of the New York State Assembly from 1865 to 1867 and 1871 to 1874.

**1905 Democratic caucus for United States Senator result**
Candidate	First ballot
√ Smith M. Weed	42
D. Cady Herrick	14

Chauncey M. Depew was the choice of both the Assembly and the State Senate, and was declared elected.

**1905 United States Senator election result**
Office	House	Republican		Democrat
State Senate (50 members)	√ Chauncey M. Depew	36	Smith M. Weed	13
State Assembly (150 members)	√ Chauncey M. Depew	100	Smith M. Weed	44

Note: The votes were cast on January 17, but both Houses met in a joint session on January 18 to compare nominations, and declare the result.

Pennsylvania

The election in Pennsylvania was held on January 17, 1905. Incumbent Philander C. Knox was elected by the Pennsylvania State Assembly to his first full term in the United States Senate.^[11]

Philander Chase Knox was an American lawyer, bank director and politician. A member of the Republican Party, Knox served in the Cabinet of three different presidents and represented Pennsylvania in the United States Senate.

Republican Matthew Quay was elected by the Pennsylvania General Assembly to the United States Senate in the previous election in January 1901. He served until his death on May 28, 1904.^[12] In June 1904, Republican Philander C. Knox was appointed to serve out the remainder of Quay's term, ending on March 4, 1905, when he began a term in his own right.^[13]

The Pennsylvania General Assembly, consisting of the House of Representatives and Senate, convened on January 17, 1905, to elect a Senator to serve the term beginning on March 4, 1905. The results of the vote of both houses combined are as follows:

State Legislature Results^[11]^[14]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Philander C. Knox (Inc.)	222	87.40
	Democratic	James K. P. Hall	23	9.06
	N/A	Not voting	9	3.54
Totals			254	100.00%

Notes

1 2 3 4 "GEN. DICK SUCCEEDS HANNA". The New York Times. March 3, 1904. p. 9.
↑ Byrd, p. 159.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 The World Almanac and Encyclopedia 1906. New York: The Press Publishing Co. New York World. 1905. p. 108.
1 2 Tribune (1905), p. 234.
1 2 Official Journal of the Proceedings of House of Representatives of the State of Louisiana at the Regular Session of the General Assembly. 1904. p. 76.
1 2 "BULKELEY IN CONNECTICUT". The New York Times . January 18, 1905. p. 2.
↑ "Re-elect Senators McLaurin and Money" (PDF). The New York Times. January 20, 1904. p. 5.
1 2 "SENATOR PROCTOR RE-ELECTED" (PDF). The New York Times . October 19, 1904. p. 1.
↑ "Gov. La Follette Elected Senator". The New York Times. January 25, 1905. p. 5.
↑ "Clark Returned for Another Term". The New York Times. January 25, 1905. p. 5.
1 2 "U.S. Senate Election - 17 January 1905" (PDF). Wilkes University. Retrieved December 24, 2012.
↑ "QUAY, Matthew Stanley, (1833–1904)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved December 24, 2012.
↑ "KNOX, Philander Chase, (1853–1921)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved December 24, 2012.
↑ "PA US Senate - 1905". OurCampaigns. Retrieved December 22, 2012.

Related Research Articles

Although the 17th Amendment was not passed until 1913, some states elected their Senators directly before its passage. Oregon pioneered direct election and experimented with different measures over several years until it succeeded in 1907. Soon after, Nebraska followed suit and laid the foundation for other states to adopt measures reflecting the people's will. By 1912, as many as 29 states elected senators either as nominees of their party's primary or in conjunction with a general election.

1908 and 1909 United States Senate elections

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The 1863 United States Senate election in New York was held on February 3, 1863, by the New York State Legislature to elect a U.S. Senator to represent the State of New York in the United States Senate.

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The 1905 United States Senate election in New York was held on January 17, 1905, by the New York State Legislature to elect a U.S. Senator to represent the State of New York in the United States Senate.

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The United States Senate elections of 1902 and 1903 were elections which had the Democratic Party gain three seats in the United States Senate, but the Republicans kept their strong majority.

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The United States Senate elections of 1886 and 1887 were elections that had the Republican Party lose two seats in the United States Senate. At the beginning of the 50th Congress, therefore, Republicans had the slimmest possible majority due to a vacant Democratic seat: 38 out of 75 seats. Once that vacancy was filled, Republicans maintained control as the single Readjuster Senator caucused with them.

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The United States Senate elections of 1892 and 1893 were elections which, corresponding with former Democratic President Grover Cleveland's return to power, had the Republican Party lose nine seats in the United States Senate and lose its majority to the Democratic Party. The Democratic majority, however, was minimal and didn't last past the next Congress.

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The United States Senate elections of 1862 and 1863 were elections during the American Civil War in which Republicans increased their control of the U.S. Senate. The Republican Party gained three seats, bringing their majority to 66% of the body. Also caucusing with them were Unionists and Unconditional Unionists. As many Southern states seceded in 1860 and 1861, and members left the Senate to join the Confederacy, or were expelled for supporting the rebellion, seats were declared vacant. To establish a quorum with fewer members, a lower total seat number was taken into account.

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References

Party Division in the Senate, 1789-Present, via Senate.gov
The Tribune Almanac and Political Register 1905. New York: The Tribune Association. 1905. pp. 233–234.
The Tribune Almanac and Political Register 1906. New York: The Tribune Association. 1906. pp. 244–246.
New York: "BLACK AND DEPEW SEE ODELL ON SENATORSHIP" (PDF). The New York Times. November 23, 1904.
New York: "ODELL FOR BLACK; OPEN WAR BEGINS" (PDF). The New York Times. December 16, 1904.
New York: "BLACK NOW A CANDIDATE, HIS ORGAN DECLARES" (PDF). The New York Times. December 18, 1904.
New York: "ODELL YIELDS TO DEPEW; SENATORSHIP FIGHT ENDS" (PDF). The New York Times. December 30, 1904.
New York: "DEPEW NAMED FOR SENATOR.; ...S.M. Weed Democratic Nominee" (PDF). The New York Times. January 17, 1905.
New York: "ANOTHER TERM FOR DEPEW" (PDF). The New York Times. January 18, 1905.
Pennsylvania: Cox, Harold (January 31, 2007). "Pennsylvania Election Statistics: 1682-2006". The Wilkes University Election Statistics Project. Wilkes University.

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[NYTOH1904-1] 1 2 3 4 "GEN. DICK SUCCEEDS HANNA". The New York Times. March 3, 1904. p. 9.

[FOOTNOTEByrd159-2] Byrd, p. 159.

[WorldAlmanac-3] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 The World Almanac and Encyclopedia 1906. New York: The Press Publishing Co. New York World. 1905. p. 108.

[FOOTNOTETribune_(1905)234-4] 1 2 Tribune (1905), p. 234.

[Louisiana-5] 1 2 Official Journal of the Proceedings of House of Representatives of the State of Louisiana at the Regular Session of the General Assembly. 1904. p. 76.

[NYTCT1905-6] 1 2 "BULKELEY IN CONNECTICUT". The New York Times . January 18, 1905. p. 2.

[7] "Re-elect Senators McLaurin and Money" (PDF). The New York Times. January 20, 1904. p. 5.

[NYTVT1905-8] 1 2 "SENATOR PROCTOR RE-ELECTED" (PDF). The New York Times . October 19, 1904. p. 1.

[9] "Gov. La Follette Elected Senator". The New York Times. January 25, 1905. p. 5.

[10] "Clark Returned for Another Term". The New York Times. January 25, 1905. p. 5.

[results-11] 1 2 "U.S. Senate Election - 17 January 1905" (PDF). Wilkes University. Retrieved December 24, 2012.

[12] "QUAY, Matthew Stanley, (1833–1904)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved December 24, 2012.

[13] "KNOX, Philander Chase, (1853–1921)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved December 24, 2012.

[14] "PA US Senate - 1905". OurCampaigns. Retrieved December 22, 2012.

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