United States Senate elections, 1912 and 1913

United States Senate elections, 1912 and 1913

←  1910/11 January 16, 1912 – January 29, 1913 1914  →
32 of the 96 seats in the United States Senate (as well as special elections) 49 seats needed for a majority
Majority party Minority party   Leader John W. Kern (Conference Chairman) Jacob H. Gallinger (Conference Chairman) Party Democratic Republican Leader's seat Indiana New Hampshire Seats before 43 52 Seats won 17 12 Seats after 47 45 Seat change 4 7 Seats up 13 19
Results including special elections      Democratic gains     Republican gains      Democratic holds     Republican holds
Majority conference chairman before election Shelby Moore Cullom Republican Elected Majority conference chairman John W. Kern Democratic

In the United States Senate elections of 1912 and 1913, Democrats gained control of the Senate from the Republicans. This coincided with Democrat Woodrow Wilson's victory in the presidential election amid a divide in the Republican Party. In the Senate, Joseph M. Dixon and Miles Poindexter defected from the Republican Party and joined Theodore Roosevelt's new Progressive Party. Dixon, however, lost his seat during this election.

Some states elected their senators directly even before passage of the 17th Amendment in 1913. Oregon pioneered direct election and experimented with different measures over several years until it succeeded in 1907. Soon after, Nebraska followed suit and laid the foundation for other states to adopt measures reflecting the people's will. By 1912, as many as 29 states elected senators either as nominees of their party's primary or in conjunction with a general election.

This was the first time in 20 years that the Democrats won a majority in the Senate.

Results summary

Parties		Total Seats
		Incumbents	This election						Result	+/-
			Not up	Up	Re- elected	Held	Gained	Lost
	Democratic	43	30	13	5	5	7	2	47	4
	Republican	52	33	19	6	4	2	7	45	7
	Others	0	0	0	0	0			0
	Vacant	1	1	0			3		4	3
Total		96	64	32	11	9	12	9	96	3

Change in Senate composition

Before the elections

After the March 1912 elections to elect senators from the new states of New Mexico and Arizona.

		D1	D2	D3	D4	D5	D6	D7	D8
D18	D17	D16	D15	D14	D13	D12	D11	D10	D9
D19	D20	D21	D22	D23	D24	D25	D26	D27	D28
D38 Ran	D37 Ran	D36 Ran	D35 Ran	D34 Ran	D33 Ran	D32 Ran	D31 Ran	D30	D29
D39 Ran	D40 Ran	D41 Retired	D42 Retired	D43 Retired	V1	R52 Retired	R51 Retired	R50 Retired	R49 Retired
Majority →									R48 Retired
R39 Ran	R40 Ran	R41 Ran	R42 Ran	R43 Ran	R44 Ran	R45 Ran	R46 Ran	R47 Retired
R38 Ran	R37 Ran	R36 Ran	R35 Ran	R34 Ran	R33	R32	R31	R30	R29
R19	R20	R21	R22	R23	R24	R25	R26	R27	R28
R18	R17	R16	R15	R14	R13	R12	R11	R10	R9
		R1	R2	R3	R4	R5	R6	R7	R8

Result of the general elections

		D1	D2	D3	D4	D5	D6	D7	D8
D18	D17	D16	D15	D14	D13	D12	D11	D10	D9
D19	D20	D21	D22	D23	D24	D25	D26	D27	D28
D38 Hold	D37 Hold	D36 Hold	D35 Re-elected	D34 Re-elected	D33 Re-elected	D32 Re-elected	D31 Re-elected	D30	D29
D39 Hold	D40 Hold	D41 Gain	D42 Gain	D43 Gain	D44 Gain	D45 Gain	D46 Gain	V1	V2 D Loss
Majority with vacancies →							D47 Gain
R39 Re-elected	R40 Hold	R41 Hold	R42 Hold	R43 Hold	R44 Gain	R45 Gain		V4 R Loss	V3 R Loss
R38 Re-elected	R37 Re-elected	R36 Re-elected	R35 Re-elected	R34 Re-elected	R33	R32	R31	R30	R29
R19	R20	R21	R22	R23	R24	R25	R26	R27	R28
R18	R17	R16	R15	R14	R13	R12	R11	R10	R9
		R1	R2	R3	R4	R5	R6	R7	R8

Beginning of the next Congress

		D1	D2	D3	D4	D5	D6	D7	D8
D18	D17	D16	D15	D14	D13	D12	D11	D10	D9
D19	D20	D21	D22	D23	D24	D25	D26	D27	D28
D38	D37	D36	D35	D34	D33	D32	D31	D30	D29
D39	D40	D41	D42	D43	D44	D45	D46	V1 Seated late	V2
Majority with vacancies→							D47
R39	R40	R41	R42	P1 Changed	D49 Gain	D48 Gain		V4 Invalidated	V3
R38	R37	R36	R35	R34	R33	R32	R31	R30	R29
R19	R20	R21	R22	R23	R24	R25	R26	R27	R28
R18	R17	R16	R15	R14	R13	R12	R11	R10	R9
		R1	R2	R3	R4	R5	R6	R7	R8

Beginning of the first session, April 7, 1913

		D1	D2	D3	D4	D5	D6	D7	D8
D18	D17	D16	D15	D14	D13	D12	D11	D10	D9
D19	D20	D21	D22	D23	D24	D25	D26	D27	D28
D38	D37	D36	D35	D34	D33	D32	D31	D30	D29
D39	D40	D41	D42	D43	D44	D45	D46	D47	D48
Majority →									D49
R39	R40	R41	R42	R43 Gain	R44 Gain	P1	D51 Gain	D50 Gain
R38	R37	R36	R35	R34	R33	R32	R31	R30	R29
R19	R20	R21	R22	R23	R24	R25	R26	R27	R28
R18	R17	R16	R15	R14	R13	R12	R11	R10	R9
		R1	R2	R3	R4	R5	R6	R7	R8

Key:	D# Democratic P# Progressive R# Republican V# Vacant

Complete list of races

Bold states link to specific election articles.

Special elections during the 62nd Congress

In these special elections, the winners were seated in the 62nd Congress during 1912 or before March 4, 1913; ordered by election date.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
	Senator	Party	Electoral history
Virginia (Class 1)	Claude A. Swanson	Democratic	1910 (Appointed)	Interim appointee elected January 23, 1912.	√ Claude A. Swanson (Democratic) Unopposed [1]
New Mexico (Class 1)	New seat			New senator elected March 27, 1912. Republican gain.	√ (Class 2) Albert B. Fall (Republican) 39 votes √ (Class 1) Thomas B. Catron (Republican) 38 votes Felix Martinez (Democratic) 25 votes Andrieus A. Jones (Democratic) 23 votes William G. Mills [2] (Republican) 7 votes Herbert J. Hagerman (Progressive Republican) 3 votes L. Bradford Prince (Republican) 3 votes Eugene Romero (Republican) 3 votes W. H. Gillenwater (Progressive Republican) 2 votes O. A. Larrazolo (Republican) 2 votes Jose D. Sena (Republican) 1 vote [1]
New Mexico (Class 2)	New seat			New senator elected March 27, 1912. Republican gain. Winner was also subsequently elected to the next term, see below.
Arizona (Class 1)	New seat			New senator elected March 26, 1912, ratifying the popular selection made in December 12, 1911 state elections. Democratic gain.	√ Henry F. Ashurst (Democratic) Unopposed [1] In state elections: Henry F. Ashurst (Democratic) 50.00% Ralph Cameron (Republican) 44.33% E. Johnson (Socialist) 5.67% [3]
Arizona (Class 3)	New seat			New senator elected March 26, 1912, ratifying the popular selection made in December 12, 1911 state elections. Democratic gain.	√ Marcus A. Smith (Democratic) Unopposed [1] In state elections: Marcus A. Smith (Democratic) 50.35% Hoval A. Smith (Republican) 43.84% E.B. Simonton (Socialist) 5.8% [3]
Maine (Class 2)	Obadiah Gardner	Democratic	1911 (Appointed)	Interim appointee elected April 2, 1912. [4]	√ Obadiah Gardner (Democratic) 98 votes Frederick A. Powers (Republican) 5 votes [1]
Colorado (Class 3)	Vacant			Charles J. Hughes, Jr. (D) had died January 11, 1911. New senator elected January 14, 1913, ratifying the popular selection made in 1912 state elections. Democratic gain.	√ Charles S. Thomas (Democratic) 28 votes Waterman 4 votes Vincent (Progressive) 1 vote [5] In state elections: [Data unknown/missing.]
Tennessee (Class 2)	Newell Sanders	Republican	1912 (Appointed)	Interim appointee retired. New senator elected January 23, 1913. Democratic gain. Winner did not run for election to the following term, see below.	√ William R. Webb (Democratic) 73 votes M. T. Bryan (Democratic) 53 votes J. A. Clements (Democratic) 1 vote C. W. Tyler (Democratic) 1 vote [6]
Texas (Class 2)	Rienzi Johnston	Democratic	1912 (Appointed)	Interim appointee lost election. New senator elected January 23, 1913. Democratic hold. Winner also elected to the next term, see below.	√ Morris Sheppard (Democratic) 104 votes Rienzi Johnston (Democratic) 66 votes [6]
Idaho (Class 3)	Kirtland I. Perky	Democratic	1912 (Appointed)	Interim appointee lost election to finish the term. New senator elected January 24, 1913. Republican gain.	√ James H. Brady (Republican) 43 votes James F. Ailshie 7 votes John F. Nugent (Democratic) 5 votes James E. Babb 5 votes Robert N. Dunn 4 votes E. H. Dewey 4 votes J. T. Morrison 3 votes Burton L. French 2 votes James Hanrahan (Democratic) 2 votes C. A. Beale 1 vote George Fields 1 vote J. F. Maclane 1 vote T. L. Burkland 1 vote W. C. Courtney 1 vote [5]
Arkansas (Class 2)	John N. Heiskell	Democratic	1913 (Appointed)	Interim appointee retired. New senator elected January 27, 1913. Democratic hold. Winner did not run for election to the following term, see below.	√ William Kavanaugh (Democratic) 77 votes Others 58 votes [5]
Nevada (Class 1)	William A. Massey	Republican	1912 (Appointed)	Interim appointee lost election to finish the term. New senator elected [7] January 28, 1913, ratifying the popular selection made in 1912 state elections. Democratic gain.	√ Key Pittman (Democratic) Unanimous except: George Stale (Socialist) 2 votes In state elections: Key Pittman (Democratic) 39.78% William A. Massey (Republican) 39.34% George Stale (Socialist) 13.73% S. Summerfield (Progressive) 7.15% [8]

In this early election, the winner was seated in the 64th Congress, starting March 4, 1915.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
	Senator	Party	Electoral history
Louisiana (Class 3)	John Thornton	Democratic	1910 (Special)	Incumbent retired. New senator elected early May 21, 1912. Democratic hold.	√ Robert F. Broussard (Democratic) Unopposed [1]

Races leading to the 63rd Congress

In these general elections, the winner was seated on March 4, 1913; ordered by state.

All of the elections involved the Class 2 seats.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
	Senator	Party	Electoral history
Alabama	John H. Bankhead	Democratic	1907 (Appointed) 1907 (Special)	Incumbent re-elected early January 17, 1911, for the term beginning March 4, 1913.	√ John H. Bankhead (Democratic) Unopposed [9]
Arkansas	John N. Heiskell	Democratic	1913 (Appointed)	Interim appointee retired. New senator elected January 29, 1913. Democratic hold.	√ Joseph T. Robinson (Democratic) 71 votes Stephen Brundige (Democratic) 36 votes Norwood 15 votes Kirby 8 votes Oldfield 1 vote Martin 1 vote Reid 1 vote Taylor 1 vote [5]
Colorado	Simon Guggenheim	Republican	1907	Incumbent retired. New senator elected January 14, 1913, ratifying the popular selection made in 1912 state elections. [7] Democratic gain.	√ John F. Shafroth (Democratic) 86 votes Clyde Dawson (Republican) 11 votes Frank Catlin (Progressive) 1 vote Hunter (Democratic) 1 vote [5] In state election: John F. Shafroth (Democratic) 47.34% Clyde Dawson (Republican) 26.8% Frank Catlin (Progressive) 23.48% Mary E. Miller (Prohibition) 2.38% [10]
Delaware	Harry A. Richardson	Republican	1907	Incumbent retired. New senator elected January 29, 1913. Democratic gain.	√ Willard Saulsbury, Jr. (Democratic) 28 votes H. A. Richardson (Republican) 11 votes John G. Townsend (Republican) 5 votes Alfred I. du Pont (Republican) 3 votes Alexander P. Corbit (Republican) 1 vote Simeon S. Pennewill (Republican) 1 vote Ruby R. Vale (Republican) 1 vote [5]
Georgia	Augustus Bacon	Democratic	1894 1900 1907 (Appointed) 1907 (Special)	Incumbent ran for re-election but the legislature failed to elect. Democratic loss. Incumbent was then appointed to begin the term. [5]	Augustus Bacon (Democratic)
Idaho	William Borah	Republican	1907	Incumbent re-elected January 14, 1913.	√ William Borah (Republican) 75 votes George A. Tannahill (Democratic) 2 votes Kirtland I. Perky (Democratic) 2 votes [5]
Illinois	Shelby M. Cullom	Republican	1882 1888 1894 1901 1907	Incumbent lost renomination. Legislature failed to elect. Republican loss. A new senator was later elected, see below.	Bernard Berlyn (Socialist) Charles Boeschenstein (Democratic) Frank H. Funk (Progressive) J. Hamilton Lewis (Democratic) McDonald (Socialist) Lawrence Y. Sherman (Republican) [5]
Iowa	William S. Kenyon	Republican	1911 (Special)	Incumbent re-elected January 21, 1913.	√ William S. Kenyon (Republican) D. W. Hamilton (Democratic) [5]
Kansas	Charles Curtis	Republican	1907 (Special) 1907	Incumbent lost re-election. [7] New senator elected January 28, 1913, ratifying the popular selection made in 1912 state elections. [7] Democratic gain.	√ William H. Thompson (Democratic) Walter R. Stubbs (Republican) 3 votes Henry J. Allen (Progressive) 1 vote [11] In state election: William H. Thompson (Democratic) 49.34% Walter R. Stubbs (Republican) 43.35% Allan Ricker (Socialist) 7.32% [12]
Kentucky	Thomas H. Paynter	Democratic	1906	Incumbent retired. New senator elected January 16, 1912. Democratic hold.	√ Ollie James (Democratic) 105 votes Edwin T. Morrow (Republican) 28 votes [1]
Louisiana	Murphy J. Foster	Democratic	1900 1904	Incumbent lost renomination. New senator elected May 21, 1912. Democratic hold.	√ Joseph E. Ransdell (Democratic) Unopposed [1]
Maine	Obadiah Gardner	Democratic	1911 (Appointed) 1912 (Special)	Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected January 15, 1913. Republican gain.	√ Edwin C. Burleigh (Republican) 91 votes Obadiah Gardner (Democratic) 82 votes E.M. Thompson (Progressive) 7 votes [13]
Massachusetts	Winthrop M. Crane	Republican	1904 (Appointed) 1905 (Special) 1907	Incumbent retired. New senator elected January 14, 1913. Republican hold.	√ John W. Weeks (Republican)160 votes Sherman L. Whipple (Democratic) 80 votes John Graham Brooks (Progressive) 5 votes John A. Keliher (Democratic) 1 vote Joseph C. Pelletier (Democratic) 1 vote Scattering 25 votes [13]
Michigan	William A. Smith	Republican	1911	Incumbent re-elected January 14, 1913.	√ William A. Smith (Republican) 74 votes Alfred Lucking (Democratic) 41 votes Theodore Joslin (Progressive) 17 votes [13]
Minnesota	Knute Nelson	Republican	1895 1901 1907	Incumbent re-elected January 21, 1913, ratifying the popular selection made in 1912 state elections. [7]	√ Knute Nelson (Republican) 178 votes In state election: Knute Nelson (Republican) 62.8% Daniel Lawler (Democratic) 37.2% [14]
Mississippi	LeRoy Percy	Democratic	1910 (Special)	Incumbent lost renomination. New senator elected January 16, 1912. Democratic hold.	√ James K. Vardaman (Democratic) Unopposed [1]
Montana	Joseph M. Dixon	Republican	1907	Incumbent lost re-election as a Progressive. [7] New senator elected January 14, 1913, ratifying the popular selection made in 1912 state elections. Democratic gain.	√ Thomas J. Walsh (Democratic) Unopposed [13] In state election: Thomas J. Walsh (Democratic) 41.17% Joseph M. Dixon (Progressive) 32.1% Henry C. Smith (Republican) 26.73% [15]
Nebraska	Norris Brown	Republican	1907	Incumbent lost renomination. [16] New senator elected January 21, 1913, ratifying the popular selection made in 1912 state elections. Republican hold.	√ George W. Norris (Republican) Unopposed [13] In state election: George W. Norris (Republican) Ashton C. Shallenberger (Democratic) [17]
New Hampshire	Henry E. Burnham	Republican	1901 1907	Incumbent retired. Legislature failed to elect. Republican loss. New senator was elected late, see below.	Robert P. Bass (Progressive) Sherman E. Burroughs (Republican) Clarence Carr (Democratic) Henry F. Hollis (Democratic) John H. Bartlett (Republican) Edward N. Pearson (Republican) William Swart (Independent) Henry B. Quinby (Republican) Gordon Woodbury (Democratic)
New Jersey	Frank O. Briggs	Republican	1907	Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected January 28, 1913. Democratic gain.	√ William Hughes (Democratic) 63 votes Frank O. Briggs (Republican) 17 votes [13]
New Mexico	Albert B. Fall	Republican	1912 (New state)	Incumbent re-elected June 6, 1912. Legislature invalidated the election. Incumbent then re-elected January 28, 1913.	January 28, 1913 election: √ Albert B. Fall (Republican) 43 votes Scattering 25 votes [13] June 6, 1912 election: Albert B. Fall (Republican) 40 votes W. H. Andrews (Republican) 2 votes R. L. Byea (Republican) 2 votes [1]
North Carolina	Furnifold Simmons	Democratic	1901 1907	Incumbent re-elected January 21, 1913.	√ Furnifold Simmons (Democratic) 144 votes Cyrus Thompson (Republican) 19 votes [13]
Oklahoma	Robert L. Owen	Democratic	1907	Incumbent re-elected January 21, 1913. [7]	√ Robert L. Owen (Democratic) [13] In state election: Robert L. Owen (Democratic) 50.43% Joseph Dickerson (Republican) 33.28% John Wills (Socialist) 16.3% [18]
Oregon	Jonathan Bourne, Jr.	Republican	1907	Incumbent lost renomination and then lost re-election as Progressive. New senator elected, ratifying the popular selection made in 1912 state elections. [7] Democratic gain.	√ Harry Lane (Democratic) [13] In state election: Harry Lane (Democratic) 30.07% Ben Selling (Republican) 28.79% Jonathan Bourne, Jr. (Progressive) 19.41% Benjamin Ramp (Socialist) 8.31% A. E. Clark (Progressive-WI) 8.3% B. Lee Paget (Prohibition) 5.13% [19]
Rhode Island	George P. Wetmore	Republican	1894 1900 1907 (No election) 1908 (Special)	Incumbent retired. New senator elected January 21, 1913. [20] Republican hold.	√ LeBaron B. Colt (Republican) 88 votes Addison P. Munroe (Democratic) 42 votes George W. Parks (Progressive) 7 votes [13]
South Carolina	Benjamin Tillman	Democratic	1894 1901 1907	Incumbent re-elected January 28, 1913.	√ Benjamin Tillman (Democratic) Unopposed [13]
South Dakota	Robert J. Gamble	Republican	1901 1907	Incumbent lost renomination. [21] New senator elected January 22, 1913. Republican hold.	√ Thomas Sterling (Republican) 97 votes [22]
Tennessee	Newell Sanders	Republican	1912 (Appointed)	Interim appointee retired. New senator elected January 23, 1913. Democratic gain.	√ John K. Shields (Democratic) 69 votes Charles T. Cates, Jr. (Independent Democratic) 61 votes [6]
Texas	Rienzi Johnston	Democratic	1912 (Appointed)	Interim appointee retired. New senator elected January 28, 1913. Democratic hold.	√ Morris Sheppard (Democratic) Unopposed [6]
Virginia	Thomas S. Martin	Democratic	1893 (Early) 1899 (Early) 1906	Incumbent re-elected January 24, 1912.	√ Thomas S. Martin (Democratic) Unopposed [23]
West Virginia	Clarence Watson	Democratic	1911 (Special)	Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected January 28, 1913. Republican gain. Winner took seat late.	√ Nathan Goff Jr. (Republican) 60 votes Clarence W. Watson (Democratic) 43 votes Robert W. Dailey (Democratic) 1 vote John W. Davis (Democratic) 1 vote John W. Hamilton (Democratic) 1 vote [6]
Wyoming	Francis E. Warren	Republican	1890 1893 (Lost) 1895 1901 1907	Incumbent re-elected January 28, 1913.	√ Francis E. Warren (Republican) 45 votes John B. Kendrick (Democratic) 38 votes [6]

Elections during the 63rd Congress

In these elections (some special, some merely late), the winners were seated in 1913 after March 4; ordered by election date.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
	Senator	Party	Electoral history
New Hampshire (Class 2)	Vacant			Legislature had failed to elect, see above. New senator elected March 13, 1913. Democratic gain.	√ Henry F. Hollis (Democratic) 189 votes John H. Bartlett (Republican) 121 votes Henry B. Quinby (Republican) 18 votes Edward N. Pearson (Republican) 14 votes Robert P. Bass (Progressive) 12 votes Scattering 17 votes [13] [24]
Illinois (Class 2)	Vacant			Legislature had failed to elect, see above. New senator elected March 26, 1913. Democratic gain.	√ J. Hamilton Lewis (Democratic) 164 votes Frank H. Funk (Progressive) 22 votes Lawrence Y. Sherman (Republican) 9 votes Bernard Berlyn (Socialist) 4 votes [5]
Illinois (Class 3)	Vacant			1909 election of William Lorimer (R) had been voided July 13, 1912. New senator elected March 26, 1913. Republican gain.	√ Lawrence Y. Sherman (Republican) 143 votes Charles Boeschenstein (Democratic) 25 votes Frank H. Funk (Republican) 22 votes McDonald (Socialist) 4 votes Scattering 2 votes [5]
Georgia (Class 2)	Augustus Bacon	Democratic	1894 1900 1907 (Appointed) 1907 (Special) 1913 (Appointed)	Interim appointee re-elected July 15, 1913, in popular vote. [7]	√ Augustus Bacon (Democratic) Unopposed. [5]
Maryland (Class 1)	William P. Jackson	Republican	1912 (Appointed)	Appointee retired when elected successor qualified. New senator elected November 4, 1913 to finish the term ending March 3, 1917. Winner did not qualify until January 28, 1914. [25] Democratic gain.	√ Blair Lee (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing.]

Virginia (General & Special)

Main articles: United States Senate election in Virginia, 1912 and United States Senate special election in Virginia, 1912

See also: List of United States Senators from Virginia

Virginia held non-binding primaries in September 1911 for the class 2 seat held by Democrat Thomas S. Martin, who was running for re-election, and the class 1 seat held by Democrat Claude Swanson, who had been appointed to fill a vacancy. ^[26] Claude A. Swanson won the Class 1 Democratic primary for the term ending in 1917 with 67,495 votes over Carter Glass's 28,757 votes. ^[27] Thomas S. Martin won the Class 2 Democratic primary for the term ending in 1919, receiving 57,120 votes to 25,005 for William Atkinson Jones. On January 24, 1912, the Virginia General Assembly unanimously elected both Swanson and Martin, thus ratifying the results of the primary. ^{[28] [29]}

See also

• United States elections, 1912
  • United States House of Representatives elections, 1912
  • United States presidential election, 1912
• 62nd United States Congress
• 63rd United States Congress

Notes

1. United States Senators Chosen, 1912, p. 457.
2. [ sic ], probably "William J. Mills"
3. "AZ US Senate". Our Campaigns. Retrieved October 3, 2013. 
4. Byrd & Wolff, p. 118
5. United States Senators Chosen, 1913, p. 458.
6. United States Senators Chosen, 1913, p. 460.
7. Senator was selected by some form of direct voting and then subsequently elected by state legislatures.
8. "Our Campaigns - NV US Senate - Special Race - Nov 05, 1912". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved 21 December 2017. 
9. United States Senators Chosen, 1911, p. 455.
10. "CO US Senate". Our Campaigns. Retrieved October 3, 2013. 
11. United States Senators Chosen, 1913, pp. 458–459.
12. "KS US Senate". Our Campaigns. Retrieved October 3, 2013. 
13. United States Senators Chosen, 1913, p. 459.
14. "MN US Senate". Our Campaigns. Retrieved October 3, 2013. 
15. "MT US Senate". Our Campaigns. Retrieved October 3, 2013. 
16. "NE US Senate". Our Campaigns. Retrieved October 3, 2013. 
17. "NE US Senate". Our Campaigns. Retrieved October 3, 2013. 
18. "OK US Senate". Our Campaigns. Retrieved October 3, 2013. 
19. "OR US Senate". Our Campaigns. Retrieved October 3, 2013. 
20. The New York Times, January 22, 1913, p. 4.
21. "SD US Senate - R Primary". Our Campaigns. Retrieved September 28, 2013. 
22. United States Senators Chosen, 1913, pp. 459–460.
23. "Anti-Saloon Men Heard at Richmond". Washington Gerald. Washington, DC. January 25, 1912. p. 1. (Subscription required (help)). 
24. "NH US Senate". Our Campaigns. Retrieved October 3, 2013. 
25. "U.S. Senate: The Election Case of William P. Jackson v. Blair Lee of Maryland (1914)". www.senate.gov. Retrieved 21 December 2017. 
26. "Martin-Swanson Majority Swells". Newport Daily Press. Newport News, Virginia. September 9, 1911. p. 1. (Subscription required (help)). 
27. Bell, James B. (1911). Congressional Directory, 62nd Congress, 2nd Session. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office. p. 107. 
28. "Return Martin to Senate: Virginia Assembly Re-Elects him Senator, also Elects Swanson". Belvidere Daily Republican. Belvidere, IL. January 25, 1912. p. 1. (Subscription required (help)). 
29. "Returned to United States Senate by Vieginia". New Philadelphia Daily Times. New Philadelphia, Ohio. January 25, 1912. p. 8. (Subscription required (help)). 

References

• United States Senate Official Website
• "COLT MADE SENATOR". The New York Times. January 22, 1913. p. 4. , with election stories from Rhode Island, Iowa, Nebraska, Oklahoma, Minnesota, South Dakota, Oregon, Delaware, New Hampshire, Tennessee, Wyoming, Idaho, West Virginia, and Illinois. Some are results and some are deadlocks.
• "United States Senators Chosen, 1911". The Tribune Almanac and Political Register 1912. New York: The Tribune Association. 1912. pp. 455–458 – via Hathi Trust Digital Library. 
• "United States Senators Chosen, 1912". The Tribune Almanac and Political Register 1913. New York: The Tribune Association. 1913. p. 457 – via Hathi Trust Digital Library. 
• "United States Senators Chosen, 1913". The Tribune Almanac and Political Register 1914. New York: The Tribune Association. 1914. pp. 458 – 460 – via Hathi Trust Digital Library.