United States Senate elections, 1832 and 1833

United States Senate elections, 1832 and 1833
16 of the 48 seats in the United States Senate (plus special elections); 25 seats needed for a majority
Majority party before election; Jacksonian;	Elected Majority party; Anti-Jacksonian;

Last updated April 01, 2019

The United States Senate elections of 1832 and 1833 were elections that had the Anti-Jackson coalition assume control of the United States Senate from the Jacksonian coalition, despite Andrew Jackson's victory in the presidential election.

The United States Senate is the upper chamber of the United States Congress, which along with the United States House of Representatives—the lower chamber—comprises the legislature of the United States. The Senate chamber is located in the north wing of the Capitol, in Washington, D.C.

Andrew Jackson was an American soldier and statesman who served as the seventh president of the United States from 1829 to 1837. Before being elected to the presidency, Jackson gained fame as a general in the United States Army and served in both houses of Congress. As president, Jackson sought to advance the rights of the "common man" against a "corrupt aristocracy" and to preserve the Union.

Change in Senate composition
Before the elections
As a result of the elections
At the beginning of the first session, December 2, 1833
Race summaries
Special elections during the 22nd Congress
Races leading to the 23rd Congress
Special elections during the 23rd Congress
Complete list of races
New York
Pennsylvania
See also
References

As these elections were prior to ratification of the seventeenth amendment, Senators were elected by State legislatures.

The Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution established the popular election of United States Senators by the people of the states. The amendment supersedes Article I, §3, Clauses 1 and 2 of the Constitution, under which senators were elected by state legislatures. It also alters the procedure for filling vacancies in the Senate, allowing for state legislatures to permit their governors to make temporary appointments until a special election can be held.

A state legislature in the United States is the legislative body of any of the 50 U.S. states. The formal name varies from state to state. In 25 states, the legislature is simply called the Legislature, or the State Legislature, while in 19 states, the legislature is called the General Assembly. In Massachusetts and New Hampshire, the legislature is called the General Court, while North Dakota and Oregon designate the legislature the Legislative Assembly.

Change in Senate composition

Before the elections

After the January 3, 1832 special election in Indiana.

						AJ₁	AJ₂	AJ₃	AJ₄
AJ₁₄	AJ₁₃	AJ₁₂	AJ₁₁	AJ₁₀	AJ₉	AJ₈	AJ₇	AJ₆	AJ₅
AJ₁₅	AJ₁₆ Ran	AJ₁₇ Ran	AJ₁₈ Ran	AJ₁₉ Ran	AJ₂₀ Unknown	AJ₂₁ Retired	AJ₂₂ Retired	N₁	N₂
Majority (with VP tie-breaking vote) →									J₂₄ Retired
J₁₅	J₁₆ Ran	J₁₇ Ran	J₁₈ Ran	J₁₉ Ran	J₂₀ Ran	J₂₁ Unknown	J₂₂ Unknown	J₂₃ Retired	J₂₄ Retired
J₁₄	J₁₃	J₁₂	J₁₁	J₁₀	J₉	J₈	J₇	J₆	J₅
						J₁	J₂	J₃	J₄

As a result of the elections

						AJ₁	AJ₂	AJ₃	AJ₄
AJ₁₄	AJ₁₃	AJ₁₂	AJ₁₁	AJ₁₀	AJ₉	AJ₈	AJ₇	AJ₆	AJ₅
AJ₁₅	AJ₁₆ Re-elected	AJ₁₇ Re-elected	AJ₁₈ Re-elected	AJ₁₉ Hold	AJ₂₀ Hold	AJ₂₁ Gain	AJ₂₂ Gain	AJ₂₃* Gain	N₁
Plurality ↑									N₂
J₁₅	J₁₆ Re-elected	J₁₇ Re-elected	J₁₈ Re-elected	J₁₉ Hold	J₂₀ Gain	J₂₁ Gain	V₁* Loss	V₂* Loss	N₂
J₁₄	J₁₃	J₁₂	J₁₁	J₁₀	J₉	J₈	J₇	J₆	J₅
						J₁	J₂	J₃	J₄

Notes:

AJ₂₃ (Virginia class 1 seat): John Tyler (J) was re-elected as an Anti-Jacksonian.
V₁ (Pennsylvania class 1 seat): Legislature failed to elect.
V₂ (Mississippi class 1 seat): Legislature failed to elect.

John Tyler was the tenth president of the United States from 1841 to 1845 after briefly being the tenth vice president (1841); he was elected to the latter office on the 1840 Whig ticket with President William Henry Harrison. Tyler ascended to the presidency after Harrison's death in April 1841, only a month after the start of the new administration. He was a stalwart supporter of states' rights, and as president he adopted nationalist policies only when they did not infringe on the powers of the states. His unexpected rise to the presidency, with the resulting threat to the presidential ambitions of Henry Clay and other politicians, left him estranged from both major political parties.

At the beginning of the first session, December 2, 1833

						AJ₁	AJ₂	AJ₃	AJ₄
AJ₁₄	AJ₁₃	AJ₁₂	AJ₁₁	AJ₁₀	AJ₉	AJ₈	AJ₇	AJ₆	AJ₅
AJ₁₅	AJ₁₆	AJ₁₇	AJ₁₈	AJ₁₉	AJ₂₀	AJ₂₁	AJ₂₂	AJ₂₃	AJ₂₄* Gain
Majority →									AJ₂₅* Gain
J₁₅	J₁₆	J₁₇	J₁₈	J₁₉	V₁*	N₂* Hold	N₁	AJ₂₆* Gain	AJ₂₅* Gain
J₁₄	J₁₃	J₁₂	J₁₁	J₁₀	J₉	J₈	J₇	J₆	J₅
						J₁	J₂	J₃	J₄

Notes:

AJ₂₄ (Alabama class 3 seat): Gabriel Moore, who was not up for election this cycle, changed from Jacksoninan to Anti-Jacksonian.
AJ₂₅ (North Carolina class 3 seat): Willie P. Mangum, who was not up for election this cycle, changed from Jacksoninan to Anti-Jacksonian.
AJ₂₆ (Mississippi class 1 seat): Legislature had previously failed to elect, and the incumbent Jacksonian appointee was elected November 22, 1833 as an Anti-Jacksonian.
V₁ (Pennsylvania class 1 seat): New Senator wasn't elected until 5 days after the session started.
N₂ (South Carolina class 3 seat): Stephen D. Miller (N) resigned March 2, 1833, and William C. Preston (N) was elected November 26, 1833.

Gabriel Moore Democratic-Republican governor of and U.S. Senator from Alabama

Gabriel Moore was a Democratic-Republican politician and fifth Governor of the U.S. state of Alabama (1829–1831).

William Campbell Preston was a senator from the United States and a member of the Nullifier, and later Whig Parties. He was also the cousin of William Ballard Preston, William Preston and Angelica Singleton Van Buren.

Key:

AJ_#	= Anti-Jacksonian
J_#	= Jacksonian
N_#	= Nullfier
V_#	= Vacant

Race summaries

Special elections during the 22nd Congress

In these special elections, the winners were seated during 1832 or before March 4, 1833; ordered by election date.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
State	Senator	Party	Electoral history	Results	Candidates
Indiana (Class 1)	Robert Hanna	Anti-Jacksonian	1831 (Appointed)	Interim appointee retired when elected successor qualified. New senator elected January 3, 1832. Winner was also elected to the next term, see below. Jacksonian gain.	√ John Tipton (Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing.]
Virginia (Class 2)	Littleton Waller Tazewell	Jacksonian	1824 (Special) 1829	Incumbent resigned July 16, 1832. New senator elected December 10, 1832. Jacksonian hold.	√ William C. Rives (Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing.]
South Carolina (Class 2)	Robert Y. Hayne	Nullifier	1822 1828	Incumbent resigned December 13, 1832 to become Governor of South Carolina. New senator elected December 29, 1832. Nullifier hold.	√ John C. Calhoun (Nullifier) [Data unknown/missing.]
New York (Class 3)	William L. Marcy	Jacksonian	1831	Incumbent resigned January 1, 1833 to become Governor of New York. New senator elected January 4, 1833. Jacksonian hold.	√ Silas Wright (Jacksonian) John C. Spencer (Anti-Masonic) James Burt Gerrit Smith James Kent Albert Gallatin Gideon Hawley John Birdsall (Anti-Masonic) Myron Holley William Thompson Albert H. Tracy (Anti-Masonic) Samuel A. Foot

Races leading to the 23rd Congress

In these general elections, the winner was seated on March 4, 1833; ordered by state.

All of the elections involved the Class 1 seats.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
State	Senator	Party	Electoral history	Results	Candidates
Connecticut	Samuel A. Foot	Anti-Jacksonian	1826	Incumbent lost re-election, and was then elected to the U.S. House of Representatives instead. New senator elected in 1832. Anti-Jacksonian hold.	√ Nathan Smith (Anti-Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing.]
Delaware	Arnold Naudain	Anti-Jacksonian	1830 (Special)	Incumbent re-elected in 1832.	√ Arnold Naudain (Anti-Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing.]
Indiana	John Tipton	Jacksonian	1832 (Special)	Incumbent re-elected in 1832.	√ John Tipton (Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing.]
Maine	John Holmes	Anti-Jacksonian	1820 (short term) 1820 (long term) 1826 (Retired or lost) 1829 (Special)	Unknown if incumbent retired or lost re-election. Winner elected in 1832 or 1833. Jacksonian gain	√ Ether Shepley (Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing.]
Maryland	Samuel Smith	Jacksonian	1802 1809 1815 (Lost) 1822 (Special) 1827	Unknown if incumbent retired or lost re-election. New senator elected in 1833. Anti-Jacksonian gain	√ Joseph Kent (Anti-Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing.]
Massachusetts	Daniel Webster	Anti-Jacksonian	1827 (Special)	Incumbent re-elected in 1833.	√ Daniel Webster (Anti-Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing.]
Mississippi	John Black	Jacksonian	1832 (Appointed)	Legislature failed to elect. Jacksonian loss. Incumbent would later be elected as an Anti-Jacksonian, see below.	[Data unknown/missing.]
Missouri	Thomas H. Benton	Jacksonian	1821 1827	Incumbent re-elected in 1833.	√ Thomas H. Benton (Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing.]
New Jersey	Mahlon Dickerson	Jacksonian	1817 (class 2) 1823 (class 2) 1829 (Resigned, class 2) 1829 (Special)	Unknown if incumbent retired or lost re-election. New senator elected in 1833. Anti-Jacksonian gain.	√ Samuel L. Southard (Anti-Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing.]
New York	Charles E. Dudley	Jacksonian	1829 (Special)	Incumbent retired. New senator elected in 1833. Jacksonian hold.	√ Nathaniel P. Tallmadge (Jacksonian) Francis Granger (Anti-Masonic & Anti-Jacksonian) Benjamin Butler (Jacksonian)
Ohio	Benjamin Ruggles	Anti-Jacksonian	1815 1821 1827	Incumbent retired. New senator elected in 1833. Jacksonian gain.	√ Thomas Morris (Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing.]
Pennsylvania	George M. Dallas	Jacksonian	1831 (Special)	Incumbent retired. Legislature failed to elect. Jacksonian loss.	Samuel McKean (Jacksonian) William Clark (Anti-Masonic) Thomas H. Crawford (Jacksonian) James Buchanan (Jacksonian) Garrick Mallery (Anti-Jacksonian) Adam King (Jacksonian)
Rhode Island	Asher Robbins	Anti-Jacksonian	1825 (Special) 1827	Incumbent re-elected in 1833.	√ Asher Robbins (Anti-Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing.]
Tennessee	Felix Grundy	Jacksonian	1829 (Special)	Incumbent re-elected in 1833.	√ Felix Grundy (Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing.]
Vermont	Horatio Seymour	Anti-Jacksonian	1821 1827	Incumbent retired to run for Vermont Governor. New senator elected in 1833. Anti-Jacksonian hold.	√ Benjamin Swift (Anti-Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing.]
Virginia	John Tyler	Jacksonian	1827	Incumbent re-elected as an Anti-Jacksonian in 1833. Anti-Jacksonian gain.	√ John Tyler (Anti-Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing.]

Special elections during the 23rd Congress

In these special elections, the winners were seated in 1833 after March 4; ordered by election date.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
State	Senator	Party	Electoral history	Results	Candidates
Georgia (Class 3)	George Troup	Jacksonian	1828	Incumbent resigned November 8, 1833. Successor elected November 21, 1833. Jacksonian hold.	√ John Pendleton King (Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing.]
Mississippi (Class 1)	John Black	Nullifier	1832 (Appointed)	Legislature had failed to elect and the seat was vacant from March 4, 1833. Incumbent appointee was then elected November 22, 1833.	√ John Black (Anti-Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing.]
South Carolina (Class 3)	Stephen D. Miller	Nullifier	1830	Incumbent resigned March 2, 1833 due to ill health. Successor elected November 26, 1833. Nullifier hold.	√ William C. Preston (Nullifer) [Data unknown/missing.]
Georgia (Class 3)	George Troup	Jacksonian	1828	Incumbent resigned November 8, 1833. Successor elected November 21, 1833. Jacksonian hold.	√ John Pendleton King (Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing.]
Pennsylvania (Class 1)	Vacant			Legislature had previously failed to elect. Successor elected December 7, 1833. Jacksonian gain.	√ Samuel McKean (Jacksonian) 55.64 % William Clark (Anti-Masonic) 21.05 % Thomas H. Crawford (Jacksonian) 14.29 % James Buchanan (Jacksonian) 3.76 % Garrick Mallery (Anti-Jacksonian) 2.26 % Adam King (Jacksonian) 0.75 % Not voting 2.26%

Complete list of races

New York

Class 1

For the general election, Nathaniel P. Tallmadge received majorities in both the Assembly and the Senate, and was declared elected. Due to the controversy about his eligibility, he received only very small majorities - one more than necessary in the Senate, and four more than necessary in the Assembly - although his party had large majorities in both houses of the Legislature.

Nathaniel P. Tallmadge was an American lawyer and politician. He was a U.S. Senator from New York and Governor of the Wisconsin Territory.

**1833 United States Senator election result**
Office	House	Jacksonian Democrat		Anti-Mason/National Republican		Jacksonian Democrat
U.S. Senator	State Senate (32 members)	Nathaniel P. Tallmadge	18	Francis Granger	6	Benjamin F. Butler	2
	State Assembly (128 members)	Nathaniel P. Tallmadge	69	Francis Granger	25	Benjamin F. Butler	12

Class 3 (Special)

William L. Marcy had been elected in 1831 to the other seat. In November 1832, Marcy was elected Governor, and upon taking office resigned his Senate seat on January 1, 1833. Silas Wright, Jr., was the choice of both the Assembly and the Senate, and was declared elected.

William Learned Marcy was an American lawyer, politician, and judge who served as U.S. Senator, Governor of New York, U.S. Secretary of War and U.S. Secretary of State. In the latter office, he negotiated the Gadsden Purchase, the last major acquisition of land in the continental United States.

**1833 United States Senate special election result**
Office	Candidate	Party	Senate (32 members)	Assembly (128 members)
U.S. Senator	Silas Wright, Jr.	Jacksonian	24	99
	John C. Spencer	Anti-Mason	3	8
	James Burt		1	2
	Gerrit Smith		1	1
	James Kent			4
	Albert Gallatin			3
	Gideon Hawley			3
	John Birdsall	Anti-Mason		1
	Myron Holley			1
	William Thompson			1
	Albert H. Tracy	Anti-Mason		1
	Samuel A. Foot			1

Pennsylvania

The election was held on eleven separate dates from December 1832 to December 1833. On December 7, 1833, Samuel McKean was elected by the Pennsylvania General Assembly to the United States Senate.^[1]^[2]

The Pennsylvania General Assembly, consisting of the House of Representatives and the Senate, convened on December 11, 1832, for the regularly scheduled Senate election for the term beginning on March 4, 1833. A total of thirty-six ballots were recorded. Ballots 1-17 were recorded on four separate dates (11th, 12th, 13th, 15th) in December 1832. Ballots 18-21 were recorded on two separate dates (9th and 10th) in January 1833. Ballots 22-29 were recorded on two separate dates (19th and 20th) in February 1833. The thirtieth ballot was recorded on March 12, 1833, followed by three additional ballots on April 2. Following the thirty-third ballot on April 2, the election convention adjourned sine die without electing a Senator.^[1]

Upon the expiration of incumbent George M. Dallas's term on March 4, 1833, the seat was vacated. It was vacant until the election convention of the General Assembly re-convened on December 7, 1833, and elected Jacksonian Samuel McKean to the seat after three additional ballots.^[2] The results of the third and final ballot (thirty-sixth ballot in total) of both houses combined during the December 7 session are as follows:

State Legislature Results^[2]^[3]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Jacksonian	Samuel McKean	74	55.64
	Anti-Masonic	William Clark	28	21.05
	Jacksonian	Thomas H. Crawford	19	14.29
	Jacksonian	James Buchanan	5	3.76
	Anti-Jacksonian	Garrick Mallery	3	2.26
	Jacksonian	Adam King	1	0.75
	N/A	Not voting	3	2.26
Totals			133	100.00%

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References

1 2 "U.S. Senate Election - 1832-33" (PDF). Wilkes University. Retrieved December 22, 2012.
1 2 3 "U.S. Senate Election - 7 December 1833" (PDF). Wilkes University. Retrieved December 22, 2012.
↑ "PA US Senate". OurCampaigns. Retrieved December 22, 2012.

Party Division in the Senate, 1789-Present, via Senate.gov
The New York Civil List compiled in 1858 (see: pg. 63 for U.S. Senators; pg. 129 for State Senators 1833; pg. 213f for Members of Assembly 1833)
Members of the 23rd United States Congress
History of Political Parties in the State of New-York, Vol. II by Jabez Delano Hammond (State election, 1832: pg. 424; Speaker election, 1833: pg. 430; U.S. Senate election, 1833: pg. 432f)
Pennsylvania Election Statistics: 1682-2006 from the Wilkes University Election Statistics Project

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[results1-1] 1 2 "U.S. Senate Election - 1832-33" (PDF). Wilkes University. Retrieved December 22, 2012.

[results-2] 1 2 3 "U.S. Senate Election - 7 December 1833" (PDF). Wilkes University. Retrieved December 22, 2012.

[3] "PA US Senate". OurCampaigns. Retrieved December 22, 2012.

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