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33 of the 100 seats in the United States Senate 51 seats needed for a majority | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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![]() Results, with special elections Democratic gain Democratic hold Republican gain Republican hold Independent hold | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The United States Senate elections, 1976 was an election for the United States Senate that coincided with Democratic Jimmy Carter's presidential election and the United States Bicentennial celebration. Although almost half of the seats decided in this election changed parties, Carter's narrow victory did not provide coattails for the Democrats, and the balance of the chamber remained the same.
The United States Senate is the upper chamber of the United States Congress, which along with the United States House of Representatives—the lower chamber—comprises the legislature of the United States. The Senate chamber is located in the north wing of the Capitol, in Washington, D.C.
The Democratic Party is one of the two major contemporary political parties in the United States, along with the Republican Party. Tracing its heritage back to Thomas Jefferson and James Madison's Democratic-Republican Party, the modern-day Democratic Party was founded around 1828 by supporters of Andrew Jackson, making it the world's oldest active political party.
James Earl Carter Jr. is an American politician and philanthropist who served as the 39th president of the United States from 1977 to 1981. A Democrat, he previously served as a Georgia State senator from 1963 to 1967 and as the 76th governor of Georgia from 1971 to 1975. Carter has remained active in public life during his post-presidency, and in 2002 he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for his work in co-founding the Carter Center.
This was the first election in which the Libertarian Party competed, running candidates in 9 of the 33 contested seats. There were no special elections in this election cycle.
The Libertarian Party (LP) is a political party in the United States that promotes civil liberties, non-interventionism, laissez-faire capitalism and shrinking the size and scope of government. The party was conceived at meetings in the home of David F. Nolan in Westminster, Colorado in 1971 and was officially formed on December 11, 1971 in Colorado Springs, Colorado. The founding of the party was prompted in part due to concerns about the Nixon administration, the Vietnam War, conscription and the end of the gold standard.
As of 2018 this is the first and so far only time both party leaders retired from the senate in an election cycle since the creation of the positions.
The leaders of both parties retired. Democrats had a net gain of one seat from retirements.
Republicans had a net gain of one seat from re-election gains.
Parties | Total Seats | Popular Vote | ||||
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1974 | 1976 | +/- | Vote | % | ||
Democratic Party | 60 | 61 | ![]() | 31,790,526 | 53.72% | |
Republican Party | 37 | 38 | ![]() | 24,562,431 | 41.51% | |
Independent | 1 | 1 | ![]() | 1,173,414 | 1.98% | |
American Party | 0 | 0 | ![]() | 204,556 | 0.35% | |
Socialist Worker's Party | 0 | 0 | ![]() | 125,528 | 0.21% | |
American Independent Party | 0 | 0 | ![]() | 110,921 | 0.19% | |
Libertarian Party | 0 | 0 | ![]() | 78,588 | 0.13% | |
Others | 1 | 0 | ![]() | 1,128,043 | 1.91% | |
Total | 100 | 100 | ![]() | 59,174,007 | 100.0% |
Source: "Statistics of the Presidential and Congressional Election of November 2, 1976" (PDF). U.S. Government Printing Office. Retrieved February 25, 2013.
D1 | D2 | D3 | D4 | D5 | D6 | D7 | D8 | D9 | D10 |
D20 | D19 | D18 | D17 | D16 | D15 | D14 | D13 | D12 | D11 |
D21 | D22 | D23 | D24 | D25 | D26 | D27 | D28 | D29 | D30 |
D40 | D39 | D38 | D37 | D36 | D35 | D34 | D33 | D32 | D31 |
D41 Ran | D42 Ran | D43 Ran | D44 Ran | D45 Ran | D46 Ran | D47 Ran | D48 Ran | D49 Ran | D50 Ran |
Majority → | D51 Ran | ||||||||
D60 Retired | D59 Retired | D58 Retired | D57 Ran | D56 Ran | D55 Ran | D54 Ran | D53 Ran | D52 Ran | |
D61 Retired | I1 Ran | C1 Ran | R37 Retired | R36 Retired | R35 Retired | R34 Retired | R33 Ran | R32 Ran | R31 Ran |
R21 | R22 | R23 | R24 | R25 | R26 | R27 | R28 Ran | R29 Ran | R30 Ran |
R20 | R19 | R18 | R17 | R16 | R15 | R14 | R13 | R12 | R11 |
R1 | R2 | R3 | R4 | R5 | R6 | R7 | R8 | R9 | R10 |
D1 | D2 | D3 | D4 | D5 | D6 | D7 | D8 | D9 | D10 |
D20 | D19 | D18 | D17 | D16 | D15 | D14 | D13 | D12 | D11 |
D21 | D22 | D23 | D24 | D25 | D26 | D27 | D28 | D29 | D30 |
D40 | D39 | D38 | D37 | D36 | D35 | D34 | D33 | D32 | D31 |
D41 Re-elected | D42 Re-elected | D43 Re-elected | D44 Re-elected | D45 Re-elected | D46 Re-elected | D47 Re-elected | D48 Re-elected | D49 Re-elected | D50 Re-elected |
Majority → | D51 Re-elected | ||||||||
D60 Gain | D59 Gain | D58 Gain | D57 Gain | D56 Gain | D55 Gain | D54 Hold | D53 Hold | D52 Re-elected | |
D61 Gain | I1 Re-elected | R38 Gain | R37 Gain | R36 Gain | R35 Gain | R34 Gain | R33 Gain | R32 Gain | R31 Hold |
R21 | R22 | R23 | R24 | R25 | R26 | R27 | R28 Re-elected | R29 Re-elected | R30 Re-elected |
R20 | R19 | R18 | R17 | R16 | R15 | R14 | R13 | R12 | R11 |
R1 | R2 | R3 | R4 | R5 | R6 | R7 | R8 | R9 | R10 |
Key: |
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In these general elections, the winners were elected for the term beginning January 3, 1977; ordered by state.
All of the elections involved the Class 1 seats.
State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
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Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
Arizona | Paul Fannin | Republican | 1964 1970 | Incumbent retired. New senator elected. Democratic gain. | √ Dennis DeConcini (Democratic) 54.0% Sam Steiger (Republican) 43.3% Allan Norwitz (Libertarian) 1.0% |
California | John V. Tunney | Democratic | 1970 1971 (Appointed) | Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected. Republican gain. | √ S. I. Hayakawa (Republican) 50.2% John V. Tunney (Democratic) 46.9% |
Connecticut | Lowell Weicker | Republican | 1970 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Lowell Weicker (Republican) 57.7% Gloria Schaffer (Democratic) 41.2% |
Delaware | William Roth | Republican | 1970 1971 (Appointed) | Incumbent re-elected. | √ William Roth (Republican) 55.8% Thomas C. Maloney (Democratic) 43.6% |
Florida | Lawton Chiles | Democratic | 1970 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Lawton Chiles (Democratic) 63.0% John Grady (Republican) 37.0% |
Hawaii | Hiram Fong | Republican | 1959 1964 1970 | Incumbent retired. New senator elected. Democratic gain. | √ Spark Matsunaga (Democratic) 53.7% William F. Quinn (Republican) 40.6% |
Indiana | Vance Hartke | Democratic | 1958 1964 1970 | Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected. Republican gain. | √ Richard Lugar (Republican) 58.8% Vance Hartke (Democratic) 40.5% |
Maine | Edmund Muskie | Democratic | 1958 1964 1970 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Edmund Muskie (Democratic) 60.2% Robert A. G. Monks (Republican) 39.8% |
Maryland | John Glenn Beall Jr. | Republican | 1970 | Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected. Democratic gain. | √ Paul Sarbanes (Democratic) 56.5% John Glenn Beall Jr. (Republican) 38.8% |
Massachusetts | Ted Kennedy | Democratic | 1962 (Special) 1964 1970 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Ted Kennedy (Democratic) 69.3% Michael S. Robertson (Republican) 29.0% Carol Henderson Evans (Soc. Workers) 1.1% H. Graham Lowry (U.S. Labor) 0.6% |
Michigan | Philip Hart | Democratic | 1958 1964 1970 | Incumbent retired. New senator elected. Democratic hold. Incumbent died December 26, 1976. Winner appointed December 30, 1976. | √ Donald Riegle (Democratic) 52.5% Marvin L. Esch (Republican) 46.8% |
Minnesota | Hubert Humphrey | Democratic | 1948 1954 1960 1964 (Resigned) 1970 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Hubert Humphrey (Democratic) 67.5% Gerald W. Brekke (Republican) 25.0% Paul Helm (Independent) 6.6% |
Mississippi | John C. Stennis | Democratic | 1947 (Special) 1952 1958 1964 1970 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ John C. Stennis (Democratic) Unopposed |
Missouri | Stuart Symington | Democratic | 1952 1958 1964 1970 | Incumbent retired. New senator elected. Republican gain. | √ John Danforth (Republican) 56.9% Warren E. Hearnes (Democratic) 42.5% Lawrence Petty (Independent) 0.6% |
Montana | Mike Mansfield | Democratic | 1952 1958 1964 1970 | Incumbent retired. New senator elected. Democratic hold. | √ John Melcher (Democratic) 64.2% Stanley C. Burger (Republican) 35.8% |
Nebraska | Roman Hruska | Republican | 1954 (Special) 1958 1964 1970 | Incumbent retired. New senator elected. Democratic gain. | √ Edward Zorinsky (Democratic) 52.4% John Y. McCollister (Republican) 47.5% |
Nevada | Howard Cannon | Democratic | 1958 1964 1970 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Howard Cannon (Democratic) 63.0% David Towell (Republican) 31.4% |
New Jersey | Harrison A. Williams | Democratic | 1958 1964 1970 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Harrison A. Williams (Democratic) 60.7% David A. Norcross (Republican) 38.0% |
New Mexico | Joseph Montoya | Democratic | 1964 (Special) 1964 1970 | Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected. Republican gain. | √ Harrison Schmitt (Republican) 56.8% Joseph Montoya (Democratic) 42.7% |
New York | James L. Buckley | Conservative | 1970 | Incumbent lost re-election as a Republican. New senator elected. Democratic gain. | √ Daniel P. Moynihan (Democratic) 54.2% James L. Buckley (Republican) 44.9% |
North Dakota | Quentin N. Burdick | Democratic | 1960 (Special) 1964 1970 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Quentin N. Burdick (Democratic) 62.1% Robert Stroup (Republican) 36.6% |
Ohio | Robert Taft Jr. | Republican | 1970 | Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected. Democratic gain. Incumbent resigned December 28, 1976 to give successor preferential seniority. Winner appointed December 29, 1976. | √ Howard Metzenbaum (Democratic) 49.5% Robert Taft Jr. (Republican) 46.5% |
Pennsylvania | Hugh Scott | Republican | 1958 1964 1970 | Incumbent retired. New senator elected. Republican hold. | √ John Heinz (Republican) 52.4% William J. Green III (Democratic) 46.8% |
Rhode Island | John O. Pastore | Democratic | 1950 (Special) 1952 1958 1964 1970 | Incumbent retired. New senator elected. Republican gain Incumbent resigned December 28, 1976 to give successor preferential seniority. Winner appointed December 29, 1976. | √ John Chafee (Republican) 57.7% Richard P. Lorber (Democratic) 42.0% |
Tennessee | Bill Brock | Republican | 1970 | Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected. Democratic gain. | √ Jim Sasser (Democratic) 52.5% Bill Brock (Republican) 47.0% |
Texas | Lloyd Bentsen | Democratic | 1970 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Lloyd Bentsen (Democratic) 56.8% Alan Steelman (Republican) 42.2% |
Utah | Frank Moss | Democratic | 1958 1964 1970 | Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected. Republican gain. | √ Orrin Hatch (Republican) 53.7% Frank Moss (Democratic) 44.8% |
Vermont | Robert Stafford | Republican | 1971 (Appointed) 1972 (Special) | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Robert Stafford (Republican) 50.0% Thomas P. Salmon (Democratic) 45.3% |
Virginia | Harry F. Byrd Jr. | Independent | 1965 (Appointed) 1970 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Harry F. Byrd Jr. (Independent) 57.2% Elmo R. Zumwalt Jr. (Democratic) 38.3% |
Washington | Henry M. Jackson | Democratic | 1952 1958 1964 1970 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Henry M. Jackson (Democratic) 71.8% George M. Brown (Republican) 24.2% |
West Virginia | Robert Byrd | Democratic | 1958 1964 1970 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Robert Byrd (Democratic) 99.9% |
Wisconsin | William Proxmire | Democratic | 1957 (Special) 1958 1964 1970 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ William Proxmire (Democratic) 72.2% Stanley York (Republican) 27.0% |
Wyoming | Gale W. McGee | Democratic | 1958 1964 1970 | Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected. Republican gain. | √ Malcolm Wallop (Republican) 54.7% Gale W. McGee (Democratic) 45.4% |
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![]() U.S. Senate election results map. Blue denotes counties won by DeConcini. Red denotes those won by Steiger. | |||||||||||||||||
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Incumbent Republican Paul Fannin retired instead of seeking a third term. Democratic attorney and businessman Dennis DeConcini won the open seat over Sam Steiger, U.S. Congressman of Arizona's 3rd congressional district.
Paul Jones Fannin was an American businessman and politician. A Republican, he served as a U.S. Senator from Arizona from 1965 to 1977. He previously served as the 11th Governor of Arizona from 1959 to 1965.
A lawyer or attorney is a person who practices law, as an advocate, attorney, attorney at law, barrister, barrister-at-law, bar-at-law, civil law notary, counsel, counselor, counsellor, counselor at law, solicitor, chartered legal executive, or public servant preparing, interpreting and applying law, but not as a paralegal or charter executive secretary. Working as a lawyer involves the practical application of abstract legal theories and knowledge to solve specific individualized problems, or to advance the interests of those who hire lawyers to perform legal services.
Dennis Webster DeConcini is an American lawyer, philanthropist, politician and former Democratic U.S. Senator from Arizona. The son of former Arizona Supreme Court Judge Evo Anton DeConcini, he represented Arizona in the United States Senate from 1977 until 1995. He was the most recent Democrat to be elected to the United States Senate from Arizona until Kyrsten Sinema was elected in 2018.
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
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Democratic | Dennis DeConcini | 400,334 | 54.01% | |
Republican | Sam Steiger | 321,236 | 43.34% | |
Independent | Bob Field | 10,765 | 1.45% | |
Libertarian | Allan Norwitz | 7,310 | 0.99% | |
Independent | Wm. Mathews Feighan | 1,565 | 0.21% | |
Majority | 79,098 | 8.68% | ||
Turnout | 741,210 | |||
Democratic gain from Republican | ||||
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Incumbent Democrat John Tunney ran for re-election to a second term, but was defeated by Republican Sam Hayakawa, President emeritus of San Francisco State University.
John Varick Tunney was a United States Senator and Representative from the state of California.
Samuel Ichiye Hayakawa was a Canadian-born American academic and politician of Japanese ancestry. A professor of English, he served as president of San Francisco State University, and then as U.S. Senator from California from 1977 to 1983.
San Francisco State University is a public university in San Francisco. As part of the 23-campus California State University system, the university offers 118 different bachelor's degrees, 94 master's degrees, 5 doctoral degrees, along with 26 teaching credentials among six academic colleges.
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
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Republican | S. I. Hayakawa | 3,748,973 | 50.12% | |
Democratic | John V. Tunney (Incumbent) | 3,502,862 | 46.89% | |
Peace and Freedom | David Wald | 104,383 | 1.40% | |
American Independent | Jack McCoy | 82,739 | 1.11% | |
Independent | Omari Musa | 31,629 | 0.42% | |
Majority | 246,111 | 3.23% | ||
Turnout | 7,470,586 | |||
Republican gain from Democratic | ||||
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Incumbent Republican Lowell Weicker won re-election to a second term over Gloria Schaffer, Connecticut Secretary of State [2]
Lowell Palmer Weicker Jr. is an American politician who served as a U.S. Representative, U.S. Senator, and the 85th Governor of Connecticut. He unsuccessfully sought the Republican nomination for President in 1980. Though a member of the Republican Party during his time in Congress, he later left the Republican Party and became one of the few third party candidates to be elected to a state governorship in the United States in recent years, doing so on the ticket of A Connecticut Party. As of 2019, Weicker is the last person to have represented Connecticut in the U.S. Senate as a Republican.
Gloria Schaffer was elected to the Connecticut State Senate from Connecticut's 14th Senate District in 1958, serving six terms (1959-1971). She was elected Connecticut's Secretary of State in 1970, serving from 1971 to 1978. In 1976 she was also a candidate for U.S. Senator in Connecticut but lost to Republican incumbent Lowell Weicker. She was the only woman (Democrat) to run for the US Senate in that election. In 1978, she was appointed a member of the Civil Aeronautics Board by President Carter. In 1985, she was appointed a member of the Connecticut Freedom of Information Commission by Gov. William A. O'Neill, and then was appointed commissioner of the Connecticut Department of Consumer Affairs by Gov. Lowell Weicker in 1991. As of 2018, she was serving as a Fellow of Branford College of Yale University.
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
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Republican | Lowell Weicker (Incumbent) | 785,683 | 57.70% | |
Democratic | Gloria Schaffer | 561,018 | 41.20% | |
George Wallace | Robert Barnabei | 14,407 | 1.06% | |
Others | 558 | 0.0% | ||
Majority | 224,665 | 16.50% | ||
Turnout | 1,361,666 | |||
Republican hold |
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Incumbent Republican William Roth won reelection to a second term over Thomas Maloney, Mayor of Wilmington [3]
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
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Republican | William Roth (Incumbent) | 125,454 | 55.81% | |
Democratic | Thomas Maloney | 98,042 | 43.61% | |
American Party (1969) | Donald G. Gies | 646 | 0.29% | |
Non-Partisan | Joseph F. McInerney | 437 | 0.19% | |
Prohibition | John A. Massimilla | 216 | 0.0% | |
Majority | 27,412 | 12.20% | ||
Turnout | 224,795 | |||
Republican hold |
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Incumbent Democrat Lawton Chiles won re-election to a second term over John Grady, Mayor of Belle Glade [4]
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
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Democratic | Lawton Chiles (Incumbent) | 1,799,518 | 63.0 | |
Republican | John Grady | 1,057,886 | 37.0 | |
Write-In | Ed Ice | 123 | 0.0 | |
Write-In | Tim Adams | 7 | 0.0 |
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Incumbent Republican Hiram Fong retired instead of seeking re-election to a fourth term. Democrat Spark Matsunaga won the open seat over Republican William Quinn, Former Governor of Hawaii.
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
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Democratic | Spark Matsunaga | 162,305 | 53.7% | |
Republican | William Quinn | 122,724 | 40.6% | |
People's | Anthony Hodges | 14,226 | 4.7% | |
Nonpartisan | James Kimmel | 1,433 | 0.5% | |
Libertarian | Rockne Hart Johnson | 1,404 | 0.5% |
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Incumbent Democrat Vance Hartke ran for re-election to a fourth term, but was defeated by Republican challenger Richard Lugar, Mayor of Indianapolis.
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
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Republican | Richard Lugar | 1,275,833 | 59.03% | |
Democratic | Vance Hartke (Incumbent) | 868,522 | 40.19% | |
Don L. Lee | 14,321 | 0.66% | ||
U.S. Labor | David Lee Hoagland | 2,511 | 0.12% | |
Majority | 407,311 | 18.85% | ||
Turnout | 2,161,187 | |||
Republican gain from Democratic | ||||
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Incumbent Democrat Edmund Muskie won re-election to a fourth term over Republican Robert A. G. Monks, shareholder activist.
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
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Democratic | Edmund Muskie | 292,704 | 60.20% | |
Republican | Robert A. G. Monks | 193,489 | 39.80% | |
Majority | 99,215 | 20.41% | ||
Turnout | 486,193 | |||
Democratic hold |
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Incumbent Republican Glenn Beall Jr. ran for re-election to a second term, but was defeated by Democratic challenger Paul Sarbanes, member of the U.S. House of Representatives.
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
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Democratic | Paul Sarbanes | 772,101 | 56.55% | |
Republican | John Glenn Beall Jr. (Incumbent) | 530,439 | 38.85% | |
Independent | Bruce Bradley | 62,750 | 4.60% | |
Majority | 241,662 | 17.70% | ||
Turnout | 1,365,290 | |||
Democratic gain from Republican | ||||
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Incumbent Democrat Ted Kennedy won re-election to his third full term over Republican businessman, Michael Robertson [7]
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ± | |
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Democratic | Edward M. Kennedy (Incumbent) | 1,726,657 | 69.31 | +7.15 | |
Republican | Micheal S. Robertson | 722,641 | 29.01 | -7.99 | |
Socialist Workers | Carol Henderson Evans | 26,283 | 1.06 | +0.52 | |
U.S. Labor | H. Graham Lowry | 15,517 | 0.62 | ||
All others | 157 | 0.01 | |||
Total votes | 2,491,255 | 85.55% |
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Incumbent Democrat Philip Hart retired instead of seeking a fourth term. Democrat Donald Riegle, member of the U.S. House of Representatives, won the open seat over fellow congressman Republican Marvin Esch.
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
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Democratic | Donald Riegle | 1,831,031 | 52.46% | |
Republican | Marvin L. Esch | 1,635,087 | 46.85% | |
Libertarian | Bette Jane Erwin | 8,842 | <1% | |
Human Rights | Theodore G. Albert | 7,281 | <1% | |
Socialist Workers | Paula L. Reimers | 3,399 | <1% | |
Socialist Labor | Frank Girard | 2,554 | <1% | |
U.S. Labor | Peter A. Signorelli | 2,218 | <1% | |
Majority | 195,944 | 5.61% | ||
Turnout | 3,490,412 | |||
Democratic hold |
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Incumbent Democrat Hubert Humphrey won re-election to a fifth term over Republican Gerald Brekke, college professor [8]
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
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DFL | Hubert H. Humphrey (Incumbent) | 317,632 | 91.3% | |
DFL | Dick Bullock | 30,262 | 8.7% |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
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Independent-Republican | Gerald W. Brekke | 76,183 | 54.5% | |
Independent-Republican | Richard "Dick" Franson | 32,115 | 23.0% | |
Independent-Republican | John H. Glover | 13,014 | 9.3% | |
Independent-Republican | Roland "Butch" Riemers | 9,307 | 6.7% | |
Independent-Republican | Bea Mooney | 9,150 | 6.5% |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
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DFL | Hubert H. Humphrey (Incumbent) | 1,290,736 | 67.51% | |
Independent-Republican | Gerald W. Brekke | 478,602 | 25.03% | |
American | Paul Helm | 125,612 | 6.57% | |
Socialist Workers | Bill Peterson | 9,380 | 0.49% | |
Libertarian | Robin E. Miller | 5,476 | 0.29% | |
Communist | Matt Savola | 2,214 | 0.12% |
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Incumbent Democrat John C. Stennis won re-election to his sixth term.
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
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Democratic | John Stennis | 554,433 | 100.0 |
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Incumbent Democrat Stuart Symington retired, instead of seeking a fifth term. Republican John Danforth, Attorney General of Missouri, won the open seat, defeating Democrat Warren Hearnes, former Governor of Missouri. (Jerry Litton had won the Democratic nomination earlier, but was killed in a plane crash, and Hearnes was chosen by the party committee.)
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
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Republican | John Danforth | 1,090,067 | 56.94% | |
Democratic | Warren E. Hearnes | 813,571 | 42.50% | |
Independent | Lawrence "Red" Petty | 10,822 | 0.57% | |
Majority | 276,496 | 14.44% | ||
Turnout | 1,914,460 | |||
Republican gain from Democratic | ||||
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Rather than seek a fifth term, Democratic incumbent Mike Mansfield opted to retire, creating an open seat. United States Congressman John Melcher, who had represented Montana's 2nd congressional district from 1969 to 1977, won the Democratic nomination and defeated Stanley C. Burger, the Republican nominee and former Executive Officer of the Montana Farm Bureau Federation, by a wide margin in the general election.
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
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Democratic | Jack Melcher | 89,413 | 88.52 | |
Democratic | Ray E. Gulick | 11,593 | 11.48 | |
Total votes | 101,006 | 100.00 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
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Republican | Stanley C. Burger | 32,313 | 40.41 | |
Republican | Dave Drum | 27,257 | 34.09 | |
Republican | Jack Tierney | 15,129 | 18.92 | |
Republican | Larry L. Gilbert | 5,258 | 6.58 | |
Total votes | 79,957 | 100.00 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ± | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | John Melcher | 206,232 | 64.16% | +3.62% | |
Republican | Stanley C. Burger | 115,213 | 35.84% | -3.62% | |
Majority | 91,019 | 28.32% | +7.24% | ||
Turnout | 321,445 | ||||
Democratic hold | Swing |
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Incumbent Republican Roman Hruska retired instead of seeking another term. Democrat Edward Zorinsky, Mayor of Omaha, won the open seat over Republican John Y. McCollister, U.S. Congressman of Nebraska's 2nd congressional district.
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
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Democratic | Edward Zorinsky | 313,805 | 52.89% | |
Republican | John Y. McCollister | 279,284 | 47.07% | |
Write-in candidate | Lenore Etchison | 58 | 0.01% | |
N/A | Others | 163 | 0.03% | |
Majority | 34,521 | 5.82% | ||
Turnout | 593,310 | |||
Democratic gain from Republican | ||||
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Incumbent Democrat Howard Cannon won re-election to a fourth term over Republican David Towell, U.S. Representative from Nevada's At-large congressional district.
In the Senate, Cannon was known as a moderate in the Democratic Party. He served as chairman of several committees, including the rules committee and the inaugural arrangements committee. Cannon was nearly defeated for re-election in 1964 by Republican Lieutenant Governor Paul Laxalt in one of the closest election in history. However, he became more popular over the next few years and won re-election in 1970 with nearly 58% of the vote. In 1976, he faced U.S. Representative David Towell, who served just one term in the U.S. House of Representatives before running for the U.S. Senate. Cannon won re-election with 63% of the vote, one of his best election performances of his career. He won every county in the state, except for Eureka County, which Towell won with just 51% of the vote.
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ± | |
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Democratic | Howard Cannon (Incumbent) | 127,214 | 63.01% | +5.36% | |
Republican | David Towell | 63,471 | 31.44% | -9.73% | |
None of These Candidates | 5,288 | 2.62% | |||
Independent American | Byron D. Young | 3,619 | 1.79% | ||
Libertarian | Dan Becan | 2,307 | 1.14% | ||
Majority | 63,743 | 31.57% | +15.09% | ||
Turnout | 201,899 | ||||
Democratic hold | Swing |
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Incumbent Democrat Joseph Montoya ran for re-election to a third term, but was defeated by Republican former Astronaut Harrison Schmitt.
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ± | |
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Republican | Harrison Schmitt | 234,681 | 56.82% | +9.69% | |
Democratic | Joseph Montoya (Incumbent) | 176,382 | 42.70% | -10.17% | |
La Raza Unida | Ernesto B. Borunda | 1,087 | 0.26% | ||
American Independent | Matt Dillion | 906 | 0.22% | ||
Majority | 58,299 | 14.11% | +8.36% | ||
Turnout | 413,056 | ||||
Republican gain from Democratic | Swing | ||||
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Incumbent Conservative James Buckley ran for re-election to a second term as a Republican, but was defeated by Pat Moynihan.
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Paul O'Dwyer | 32.50 | ||
Democratic | Pat Moynihan | 31.10 | ||
Democratic | Bella Abzug | 28.70 | ||
Democratic | Ramsey Clark | 7.00 | ||
Democratic | Abraham Hirschfeld | 0.70 | ||
Total votes | 100.00 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Pat Moynihan | 333,697 | 36.41 | |
Democratic | Bella Abzug | 323,705 | 35.32 | |
Democratic | Ramsey Clark | 94,191 | 10.28 | |
Democratic | Paul O'Dwyer | 82,689 | 9.02 | |
Democratic | Abraham Hirschfeld | 82,331 | 8.98 | |
Total votes | 916,613 | 100.00 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | James Buckley (Incumbent) | 242,257 | 70.45 | |
Republican | Peter Peyser | 101,629 | 29.55 | |
Total votes | 343,886 | 100.00 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ± | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Pat Moynihan | 3,238,511 | |||
Liberal (N.Y.) | Pat Moynihan | 184,083 | |||
total | Pat Moynihan | 3,422,594 | 54.17 | + 17.21 | |
Republican | James Buckley (Incumbent) | 2,525,139 | |||
Conservative (N.Y.) | James Buckley | 311,494 | |||
total | James Buckley | 2,836,633 | 44.90 | + 5.95 | |
Communist | Herbert Aptheker | 25,141 | 0.40 | + 0.37 | |
Socialist Workers | Marcia Gallo | 16,350 | 0.26 | + 0.20 | |
Libertarian | Martin E. Nixon | 10,943 | 0.17 | + 0.17 | |
U.S. Labor | Elijah C. Boyd | 6,716 | 0.11 | + 0.11 |
Incumbent North Dakota Democratic NPL Party Democrat Quentin Burdick, sought and received re-election to his fourth term to the United States Senate, defeating Republican candidate Robert Stroup. [1] Only Burdick filed as a Dem-NPLer, and the endorsed Republican candidate was Robert Stroup, as state senator from Hazen, North Dakota. Burdick and Stroup won the primary elections for their respective parties. One independent candidate, Clarence Haggard, also filed before the deadline under the American Party.
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Quentin Burdick (Incumbent) | 175,772 | 62.10 | |
Republican | Robert Stroup | 103,466 | 36.55 | |
Independent | Clarence Haggard | 3,824 | 1.35 | |
Majority | ||||
Turnout | 283,062 |
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Incumbent Republican Robert Taft Jr. ran for re-election to second term, but was defeated by Democratic former Senator Howard Metzenbaum.
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Howard Metzenbaum | 1,941,113 | 49.51% | |
Republican | Robert Taft Jr. | 1,823,774 | 46.52% | |
Independent | John O'Neill | 53,657 | 1.37% | |
American Independent | Donald E. Babcock | 36,979 | 0.94% | |
Independent | Emma Lila Fundaburk | 33,285 | 0.85% | |
Socialist Workers | Melissa Singler | 31,805 | 0.81% | |
Majority | 117,339 | 2.99% | ||
Turnout | 3,920,613 | |||
Democratic gain from Republican | ||||
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Incumbent Republican and Minority Leader Hugh Scott retired. Republican John Heinz won the open seat over Democrat Bill Green, United States Representative [15] [1]
In December 1975, U.S. senator Hugh Scott announced that he would not seek re-election in 1976 at the age of 75 after serving in Congress for 33 years. Scott listed personal reasons and several "well-qualified potential candidates" for the seat among the reasons of his decision to retire. Other reasons, including his support for Richard Nixon and accusations that he had illegally obtained contributions from Gulf Oil were alleged to have contributed to the decision. [16]
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | William J. Green III | 762,733 | 68.71 | |
Democratic | Jeanette Reibman | 345,264 | 31.10 | |
Democratic | Others | 2,058 | 0.19 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | John Heinz | 358,715 | 37.73 | |
Republican | Arlen Specter | 332,513 | 34.98 | |
Republican | George Packard | 160,379 | 16.87 | |
Republican | Others | 99,074 | 10.43 |
Heinz was the victor in all but nine counties, defeating opponent William Green, who had a 300,000 vote advantage in his native Philadelphia area. Heinz and Green spend $2.5 million and $900,000, respectively, during the ten-month campaign. Much of the money Heinz spent on his campaign was his own, leading to accusations from Green that he was "buying the seat". Heinz replied to this by claiming that the spending was necessary to overcome the Democratic voter registration advantage. [19]
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ± | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | John Heinz | 2,381,891 | 52.39% | +0.96% | |
Democratic | William J. Green III | 2,126,977 | 46.79% | +1.41% | |
Constitution | Andrew J. Watson | 26,028 | 0.57% | -1.79% | |
Socialist Workers | Frederick W. Stanton | 5,484 | 0.12% | +0.01% | |
Labor Party | Bernard Salera | 3,637 | 0.08% | +0.08% | |
Communist Party | Frank Kinces | 2,097 | 0.05% | +0.05% | |
N/A | Other | 239 | 0.00% | N/A | |
Totals | 4,546,353 | 100.00% |
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Incumbent Democrat John O. Pastore did not seek re-election. Republican John Chafee won the seat, defeating Democrat Richard P. Lorber.
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Richard P. Lorber | 60,118 | 37.78 | |
Democratic | Philip W. Noel | 60,018 | 37.71 | |
Democratic | John P. Hawkins | 25,456 | 16.00 | |
Democratic | Paul E. Goulding | 5,500 | 3.46 | |
Democratic | Ralph J. Perrotta | 4,481 | 2.82 | |
Democratic | John E. Caddick | 2,160 | 1.36 | |
Democratic | Earl F. Pasbach | 962 | 0.60 | |
Democratic | Arthur E. Marley | 447 | 0.28 | |
Majority | 100 | 0.06% | ||
Total votes | 159,142 | 100.00 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | John Chafee | 230,329 | 57.74 | |
Democratic | Richard P. Lorber | 167,665 | 42.03 | |
Communist | Margaret Cann | 912 | 0.23 | |
Majority | 62,664 | 15.71% | ||
Total votes | 398,906 | 100.00 | ||
Republican gain from Democratic | ||||
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Incumbent Republican Bill Brock ran for re-election to a second term, but was defeated by Democratic challenger James Sasser.
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ± | |
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Democratic | James Sasser | 751,180 | 52.46% | ||
Republican | Bill Brock (Incumbent) | 673,231 | 47.01% | -5.44% | |
Majority | |||||
Turnout | |||||
Democratic gain from Republican | Swing | ||||
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Incumbent Democrat Lloyd Bentsen won re-election to a second term over Republican Alan Steelman, U.S. Representative from {}Texas's 5th district.
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Lloyd Bentsen | 2,199,956 | 56.8% | |
Republican | Alan Steelman | 1,636,370 | 42.2% | |
Socialist Workers Party | Pedro Vasquez | 20,549 | 0.5% | |
American Independent | Marjorie P. Gallion | 17,355 | 0.5% |
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Incumbent Democrat Frank Moss ran for re-election to a fourth term but was defeated by his Republican opponent Orrin Hatch.
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
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Republican | Orrin Hatch | 290,221 | 55.59% | |
Democratic | Frank Moss (Incumbent) | 223,948 | 42,89% | |
Majority | ||||
Turnout | ||||
Republican gain from Democratic | ||||
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Incumbent Republican Robert Stafford successfully ran for re-election to another term in the United States Senate, defeating Democratic candidate Governor Thomas P. Salmon.
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | Robert Stafford (Incumbent) | 24,338 | 68.7 | |
Republican | John J. Welch | 10,911 | 30.8 | |
Republican | Other | 178 | 0.5 | |
Total votes | 35,427 | 100 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Thomas P. Salmon | 21,674 | 52.7 | |
Democratic | Scott Skinner | 19,238 | 46.8 | |
Democratic | Other | 178 | 0.4 | |
Total votes | 41,090 | 100 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | Robert Stafford (Incumbent) | 94,481 | 50.0 | |
Democratic | Thomas P. Salmon | 82,174 | 43.5 | |
Independent Vermonters | Thomas P. Salmon | 3,508 | 1.9 | |
Total | Thomas P. Salmon | 85,682 | 45.4 | |
Liberty Union | Nancy Kaufman | 8,801 | 4.7 | |
N/A | Other | 96 | 0.1 | |
Total votes | 189,060 | 100 |
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Turnout | 47.0% [25] | ||||||||||||||||
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Incumbent Independent Harry F. Byrd Jr. was re-elected to a second term over retired Admiral Elmo Zumwalt and state legislator Martin H. Perper.
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ± | |
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Independent | Harry F. Byrd Jr. (Incumbent) | 890,778 | 57.19% | +3.65% | |
Democratic | Elmo Zumwalt | 596,009 | 38.27% | +7.12% | |
Independent | Martin H. Perper | 70,559 | 4.53% | ||
Write-ins | 154 | 0.01% | |||
Majority | 294,769 | 18.93% | -3.45% | ||
Turnout | 1,557,500 | ||||
Independent hold | |||||
![]() | This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it.(September 2017) |
![]() | This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it.(September 2017) |
![]() | This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it.(September 2017) |
![]() | This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it.(September 2017) |
The 2002 United States Senate elections featured a series of fiercely contested elections that resulted in a victory for the Republican Party, which gained two seats and thus a narrow majority from the Democratic Party in the United States Senate. The Senate seats up for election, known as "class 2" Senate seats, were last up for regular election in 1996. The election was held on November 5, 2002, almost fourteen months after the September 11, 2001 attacks.
The 1994 United States Senate elections were elections held November 8, 1994, in which the Republican Party was able to take control of the Senate from the Democrats. In a midterm election, the opposition Republicans held the traditional advantage. Congressional Republicans campaigned against the early presidency of Bill Clinton, including his unsuccessful health care plan.
The 1998 United States Senate elections were held on November 3 and seen as an even contest between the Republican Party and Democratic Party. While the Democrats had to defend more seats up for election, Republican attacks on the morality of President Bill Clinton failed to connect with voters and anticipated Republican gains did not materialize. The Republicans picked up open seats in Ohio and Kentucky and narrowly defeated Democratic incumbent Carol Moseley Braun (Illinois), but these were cancelled out by the Democrats' gain of an open seat in Indiana and defeats of Republican Senators Al D'Amato and Lauch Faircloth. The balance of the Senate remained unchanged at 55–45 in favor of the Republicans. With Democrats gaining five seats in the House of Representatives, this marked the first time since 1934 that the out-of-presidency party failed to gain congressional seats in a mid-term election, and the first time since 1822 that the party not in control of the White House failed to gain seats in the mid-term election of a President's second term. These are the last senate elections that resulted in no net change in the balance of power.
The 1996 United States Senate elections coincided with the presidential election, in which Democrat Bill Clinton was re-elected President.
The 1990 United States Senate elections were held on Tuesday, November 6, 1990. The Democratic Party increased its majority with a net gain of one seat from the Republican Party. The election took place in the middle of President George H. W. Bush's term, and, as with most other midterm elections, the party not holding the presidency gained seats in Congress.
The 1988 United States Senate elections was an election for the United States Senate in which, in spite of the Republican victory by George H. W. Bush in the presidential election, the Democrats gained a net of one seat in the Senate. Seven seats changed parties, with four incumbents being defeated. The Democratic majority in the Senate increased by one from 54/46 to 55/45.
The 1986 United States Senate elections was an election for the United States Senate in the middle of Ronald Reagan's second presidential term. The Republicans had to defend an unusually large number of freshman Senate incumbents who had been elected on President Ronald Reagan's coattails in 1980. Democrats won a net of eight seats, defeating seven freshman incumbents and regaining control of the Senate for the first time since January 1981. The party not controlling the presidency gained seats, as usually occurs in mid-term elections.
The 1984 United States Senate elections coincided with the landslide re-election of President Ronald Reagan in the presidential election. In spite of the lopsided presidential race, Reagan's Republican Party suffered a net loss of two Senate seats to the Democrats, although it retained control of the Senate and gained seats in the House.
The 1982 United States Senate elections were held on November 2, 1982. They were elections for the United States Senate following Republican gains in 1980. A total of four seats changed hands between parties, and the lone independent, Senator Harry Byrd Jr., retired. Democrats made a net gain of one seat in the elections. A special election in 1983 was then held after the winner of Washington's 1982 election died at the beginning of the term.
The 1980 United States Senate elections coincided with Ronald Reagan's victory in the presidential election. Reagan's large margin of victory over incumbent Jimmy Carter pulled in many Democratic voters and gave a huge boost to Republican Senate candidates.
The 1978 United States Senate elections in the middle of Democratic President Jimmy Carter's term. Thirteen seats changed hands between parties. The Democrats at first lost a net of two seats to the Republicans, and then one more in a special election. Democrats nevertheless retained a 58-41 majority.
The 1970 United States Senate elections was an election for the United States Senate, taking place in the middle of Richard Nixon's first term as President. The Democrats lost a net of three seats, while the Republicans and the Conservative Party of New York picked up one net seat each, and former Democrat Harry F. Byrd Jr. was re-elected as an independent.
The 1968 United States Senate elections were elections for the United States Senate which coincided with the presidential election. Although Richard Nixon won the presidential election narrowly, the Republicans picked up five net seats in the Senate. Republicans would gain another seat after the election when Alaska Republican Ted Stevens was appointed to replace Democrat Bob Bartlett.
The 1966 United States Senate elections was an election on November 8, 1966 for the United States Senate which occurred midway through the second term of President Lyndon B. Johnson. With divisions in the Democratic base over the Vietnam War, and with the traditional mid-term advantage of the party not holding the presidency, the Republicans took three Democratic seats. Despite Republican gains, the balance remained overwhelmingly in favor of the Democrats, who retained a 64–36 majority. This was also the first election that occurred after the Voting Rights Act of 1965 became law.
The 1964 United States Senate elections coincided with the election of President Lyndon B. Johnson by an overwhelming majority, to a full term. His Democratic Party picked up a net two seats from the Republicans. As of 2019, this is the last time either party has had a two-thirds majority in the Senate, which would have hypothetically allowed the Senate Democrats to override a veto, convict and expel certain officials, or invoke cloture without any votes from Republicans. The Senate election coincided with Democratic gains in the House in the same year.
The 1956 United States Senate elections were elections for the United States Senate that coincided with the re-election of President Dwight D. Eisenhower. Although the Democrats gained two seats in regular elections, the Republicans gained back two seats in special elections, leaving the party balance of the chamber remained unchanged.
The 1950 United States Senate elections occurred in the middle of Harry S. Truman's second term as President. As with most 20th-century second-term mid-terms, the party out of the Presidency made significant gains. The Republican opposition made a net gain of five seats, taking advantage of the Democratic administration's declining popularity during the Cold War and the aftermath of the Recession of 1949. The Democrats held a narrow 49 to 47 seat majority after the election. This became the first time since 1932 that the Senate Majority Leader lost his seat and the only instance where the majority leader lost his seat while his party retained the majority.
The 1946 United States Senate elections were held November 5, 1946, in the middle of Democratic President Harry S. Truman's first term.
The United States Senate elections of 1932 coincided with Democrat Franklin D. Roosevelt's crushing defeat of incumbent Herbert Hoover in the presidential election. With the Hoover administration widely blamed for the Great Depression, Republicans lost twelve seats and control of the chamber.
The 1988 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania was held on November 8, 1988. Incumbent Republican U.S. Senator H. John Heinz III successfully sought re-election to another term, defeating Democratic nominee Joe Vignola.