United States Senate elections, 1898 and 1899

United States Senate elections, 1898 and 1899
30 of the 90 seats in the U.S. Senate ; (as well as special elections); 46 seats needed for a majority
Majority party before election; Republican;	Elected Majority party; Republican;

Last updated April 01, 2019

The United States Senate elections of 1898 and 1899 were landslide elections which had the Republican Party gain six seats in the United States Senate.

The Republican Party, also referred to as the GOP, is one of the two major political parties in the United States; the other is its historic rival, the Democratic Party.

The United States Senate is the upper chamber of the United States Congress, which along with the United States House of Representatives—the lower chamber—comprises the legislature of the United States. The Senate chamber is located in the north wing of the Capitol, in Washington, D.C.

The Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution established the popular election of United States Senators by the people of the states. The amendment supersedes Article I, §3, Clauses 1 and 2 of the Constitution, under which senators were elected by state legislatures. It also alters the procedure for filling vacancies in the Senate, allowing for state legislatures to permit their governors to make temporary appointments until a special election can be held.

A state legislature in the United States is the legislative body of any of the 50 U.S. states. The formal name varies from state to state. In 25 states, the legislature is simply called the Legislature, or the State Legislature, while in 19 states, the legislature is called the General Assembly. In Massachusetts and New Hampshire, the legislature is called the General Court, while North Dakota and Oregon designate the legislature the Legislative Assembly.

Results summary

Senate Party Division, 56th Congress (1899–1901)

Majority Party: Republican (52)
Minority Party: Democratic (25)
Other Parties: Populist (4); Silver Republican (2); Silver (2)
Vacant: 5
Total Seats: 90

The People's Party was a left-wing, agrarian political party in the United States. The Populist Party emerged in the early 1890s as an important force in the Southern United States and the Western United States, but the party collapsed after it nominated Democrat William Jennings Bryan in the 1896 United States presidential election. A rump faction of the party continued to operate into the first decade of the 20th century, but never matched the popularity of the party in the early 1890s.

The Silver Republican Party was a United States political party in the 1890s. It was so named because it split from the Republican Party over the issues of free silver and bimetallism. The main Republican Party supported the gold standard. Silver Republican strength was concentrated in the Western states where mining, particularly silver mining, was an important industry. Silver Republicans were elected to the Congress from several Western states. In 1896, Silver Republicans supported Democratic presidential nominee William Jennings Bryan over William McKinley. After 1900, the Silver Republican Party was on the decline and most of its members rejoined the Republican Party. However, some such as Senator Fred Dubois of Idaho and former Secretary of the Interior Henry M. Teller of Colorado joined the Democratic Party.

The Silver Party was a political party in the United States active from 1892 until 1911 and most successful in Nevada which supported a platform of bimetallism and free silver.

Change in Senate composition

Before the elections

After the October 7, 1898 special election in Oregon.

P₅ Ran	D₃₄ Retired	D₃₃ Retired	D₃₂ Retired	D₃₁ Retired	D₃₀ Ran	D₂₉ Ran	D₂₈ Ran	D₂₇ Ran	D₂₆ Ran
					D₁	D₂	D₃	D₄	D₅
D₁₅	D₁₄	D₁₃	D₁₂	D₁₁	D₁₀	D₉	D₈	D₇	D₆
D₁₆	D₁₇	D₁₈	D₁₉	D₂₀ Ran	D₂₁ Ran	D₂₂ Ran	D₂₃ Ran	D₂₄ Ran	D₂₅ Ran
P₄	P₃	P₂	P₁	S₂	S₁	SR₁	SR₂	SR₃ Ran	SR₄ Ran
Plurality ↓									SR₅ Ran
R₃₆ Ran	R₃₇ Ran	R₃₈ Ran	R₃₉ Ran	R₄₀ Ran	R₄₁ Ran	R₄₂ Ran	R₄₃ Ran	R₄₄ Ran	SR₅ Ran
R₃₅ Ran	R₃₄ Ran	R₃₃	R₃₂	R₃₁	R₃₀	R₂₉	R₂₈	R₂₇	R₂₆
R₁₆	R₁₇	R₁₈	R₁₉	R₂₀	R₂₁	R₂₂	R₂₃	R₂₄	R₂₅
R₁₅	R₁₄	R₁₃	R₁₂	R₁₁	R₁₀	R₉	R₈	R₇	R₆
					R₁	R₂	R₃	R₄	R₅

Result of the general elections

R₄₉ Gain from D	R₄₈ Gain from D	R₄₇ Gain from D	R₄₆ Gain from D	R₄₅ Gain from D	R₄₄ Gain from D	R₄₃ Hold	V₁ D Loss	V₂ D Loss	V₃ D Loss
					D₁	D₂	D₃	D₄	D₅
D₁₅	D₁₄	D₁₃	D₁₂	D₁₁	D₁₀	D₉	D₈	D₇	D₆
D₁₆	D₁₇	D₁₈	D₁₉	D₂₀ Re-elected	D₂₁ Re-elected	D₂₂ Re-elected	D₂₃ Re-elected	D₂₄ Hold	D₂₅ Gain from SR
R₅₀ Gain from D	SR₃ Re-elected	SR₂	SR₁	S₁	S₂	P₁	P₂	P₃	P₄
Majority →						R₄₃ Hold	V₁ D Loss	V₂ D Loss	V₃ D Loss
Majority →						R₄₂ Re-elected	V₆ R Loss	V₅ SR Loss	V₄ P Loss
R₃₆ Re-elected	R₃₇ Re-elected	R₃₈ Re-elected	R₃₉ Re-elected	R₄₀ Re-elected	R₄₁ Re-elected	R₄₂ Re-elected	V₆ R Loss	V₅ SR Loss	V₄ P Loss
R₃₅ Re-elected	R₃₄ Re-elected	R₃₃	R₃₂	R₃₁	R₃₀	R₂₉	R₂₈	R₂₇	R₂₆
R₁₆	R₁₇	R₁₈	R₁₉	R₂₀	R₂₁	R₂₂	R₂₃	R₂₄	R₂₅
R₁₅	R₁₄	R₁₃	R₁₂	R₁₁	R₁₀	R₉	R₈	R₇	R₆
					R₁	R₂	R₃	R₄	R₅

Beginning of the next Congress

					D₁	D₂	D₃	D₄	D₅
D₁₅	D₁₄	D₁₃	D₁₂	D₁₁	D₁₀	D₉	D₈	D₇	D₆
D₁₆	D₁₇	D₁₈	D₁₉	D₂₀	D₂₁	D₂₂	D₂₃	D₂₄	D₂₅
SR₃	SR₂	SR₁	S₁	S₂	P₁	P₂	P₃	P₄	D₂₆ Appointed
R₅₀	R₄₉	R₄₈	R₄₇	R₄₆	R₄₅	R₄₄	V₁	V₂	V₃
Majority →						R₄₃		V₂	V₃
Majority →						R₄₃		V₅	V₄
R₃₆	R₃₇	R₃₈	R₃₉	R₄₀	R₄₁	R₄₂		V₅	V₄
R₃₅	R₃₄	R₃₃	R₃₂	R₃₁	R₃₀	R₂₉	R₂₈	R₂₇	R₂₆
R₁₆	R₁₇	R₁₈	R₁₉	R₂₀	R₂₁	R₂₂	R₂₃	R₂₄	R₂₅
R₁₅	R₁₄	R₁₃	R₁₂	R₁₁	R₁₀	R₉	R₈	R₇	R₆
					R₁	R₂	R₃	R₄	R₅

Key:

D_#	Democratic
P_#	Populist
R_#	Republican
S_#	Silver
SR_#	Silver Republican
V_#	Vacant

Race summaries

Elections during the 55th Congress

In these elections, the winners were seated during 1898 or in 1899 before March 4; ordered by election date.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
State	Senator	Party	Electoral history	Results	Candidates
Ohio (Class 1)	Mark Hanna	Republican	1897 (Appointed)	Interim appointee elected January 12, 1898. Winner also elected to the next term, see below.	√ Mark Hanna (Republican) 73 votes Robert McKisson (Republican) 70 votes John J. Lentz (Democratic) 1 vote
Oregon (Class 3)	Vacant			Legislature had failed to elect. New senator elected October 7, 1898. Republican gain.	√ Joseph Simon (Republican) [Data unknown/missing.]

Races leading to the 56th Congress

In these general elections, the winners were elected for the term beginning March 4, 1899; ordered by state.

All of the elections involved the Class 1 seats.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
State	Senator	Party	Electoral history	Results	Candidates
California	Stephen M. White	Democratic	1893	Incumbent retired. Legislature failed to elect.^[3] Democratic loss. Seat remained vacant until February 7, 1900.	Ulysses S. Grant Jr. (Republican) Daniel M. Burns W.H.L. Barnes Robert N. Bulla ^[3]
Connecticut	Joseph Hawley	Republican	1881 1887 1893	Incumbent re-elected January 17, 1899.^[4]	√ Joseph Roswell Hawley (Republican) Daniel N. Morgan (Democratic)
Delaware	George Gray	Democratic	1885 (Special) 1887 1893	Incumbent lost re-election. Legislature failed to elect.^[5] Democratic loss. Seat remained vacant until 1903.	George Gray (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing.]
Florida	Samuel Pasco	Democratic	1887 1893 (Failure to elect) 1893 (Appointed) 1893 (Special)	Legislature failed to elect.^[6] Democratic loss. Incumbent appointed to begin the term.^[6] Incumbent lost election to finish the term, see below.	[Data unknown/missing.]
Indiana	David Turpie	Democratic	1863 (Special) 1863 (Retired) 1887 1893	Incumbent lost re-election. Winner elected January 17, 1899. Republican gain.	√ Albert J. Beveridge (Republican) David Turpie (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing.]
Maine	Eugene Hale	Republican	1881 1887 1893	Incumbent re-elected in 1899.	√ Eugene Hale (Republican) [Data unknown/missing.]
Maryland	Arthur P. Gorman	Democratic	1880 1886 1892	Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected January 25, 1898.^[7] Republican gain.	√ Louis E. McComas (Republican) 63 votes Arthur P. Gorman (Democratic) 47 votes Shaw (Republican) 4 votes.^[7]
Massachusetts	Henry Cabot Lodge	Republican	1893	Incumbent re-elected in 1899.	√ Henry Cabot Lodge (Republican) Bruce (Democratic) P. Porter Winfield (Social Democratic)^[8]
Michigan	Julius C. Burrows	Republican	1895 (Special)	Incumbent re-elected in 1899.	√ Julius C. Burrows (Republican) [Data unknown/missing.]
Minnesota	Cushman Davis	Republican	1886 1892	Incumbent re-elected January 18, 1899.^[9]	√ Cushman Davis (Republican) [Data unknown/missing.]
Mississippi	Hernando Money	Democratic	1897 (Appointed)	Interim appointee elected in 1899.	√ Hernando Money (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing.]
Missouri	Francis Cockrell	Democratic	1874 1881 1887 1893	Incumbent re-elected January 19, 1899.^[10]	√ Francis Cockrell (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing.]
Montana	Lee Mantle	Silver Republican	1895 (Special)	Incumbent lost renomination. New senator elected in 1899. Democratic gain.	√ William A. Clark (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing.]
Nebraska	William V. Allen	Populist	1893	Incumbent lost re-election. Legislature failed to elect.^[11] Populist loss. The seat was filled in March 1899, see below.	William V. Allen (Populist)
Nevada	William Stewart	Silver Republican	1887 1893	Incumbent re-elected January 24, 1899.^[12]	√ William Morris Stewart (Silver Republican) A.C. Cleveland W.W. Williams Mason Woodburn
New Jersey	James Smith Jr.	Democratic	1893	Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected January 24, 1899.^[13] Republican gain.	√ John Kean (Republican) James Smith Jr. (Democratic)
New York	Edward Murphy Jr.	Democratic	1893	Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected January 17, 1899. Republican gain.	√ Chauncey M. Depew (Republican) Edward Murphy Jr. (Democratic)
North Dakota	William N. Roach	Democratic	1893	Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected January 20, 1899.^[14] Republican gain.	√ Porter J. McCumber (Republican) William N. Roach (Democratic) ß[Data unknown/missing.]
Ohio	Mark Hanna	Republican	1897 (Appointed)	Interim appointee elected January 12, 1898. Winner also elected to finish the term, see above.	√ Mark Hanna (Republican) 73 votes Robert McKisson (Republican) 70 votes John J. Lentz (Democratic) 1 vote
Pennsylvania	Matthew S. Quay	Republican	1887 1893	Legislature failed to elect. Republican loss. Incumbent appointed to start the term, but Senate rejected credentials. Seat would remain vacant until 1901.	Matthew S. Quay (Republican)
Rhode Island	Nelson W. Aldrich	Republican	1881 (Special) 1886 1892	Incumbent re-elected in 1898.	√ Nelson W. Aldrich (Republican) [Data unknown/missing.]
Tennessee	William B. Bate	Democratic	1887 1893	Incumbent re-elected in 1899.	√ William B. Bate (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing.]
Texas	Roger Q. Mills	Democratic	1892 1893	Incumbent retired. New senator elected January 24, 1899.^[15] Democratic hold.	√ Charles Culberson (Democratic) Unopposed
Utah	Frank J. Cannon	Silver Republican	1896	Legislature failed to elect.^[16] Silver Republican loss. Seat would remain vacant until 1901.	Frank J. Cannon (Republican) Alfred W. McCune (Democratic)
Vermont	Redfield Proctor	Republican	1891 (Appointed) 1892 (Special) 1892	Incumbent re-elected October 19, 1898.^[17]	√ Redfield Proctor (Republican) Thomas W. Moloney (Democrats)
Virginia	John W. Daniel	Democratic	1887 1893	Incumbent re-elected in 1899.	√ John W. Daniel (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing.]
Washington	John L. Wilson	Republican	1895 (Special)	Incumbent lost renomination. New senator elected February 1, 1899.^[18] Republican hold.	√ Addison G. Foster (Republican) [Data unknown/missing.]
West Virginia	Charles J. Faulkner	Democratic	1887 1893	Incumbent retired. New senator elected January 25, 1899.^[19] Republican gain.	√ Nathan B. Scott (Republican) 48 J.F. McGraw (Democratic) 46 Nathan Goff Jr. (Republican) 1^[19]
Wisconsin	John L. Mitchell	Democratic	1893	Incumbent retired. New senator elected January 31, 1899.^[20] Republican gain.	√ Joseph V. Quarles (Republican) Timoth E. Ryan (Democratic)
Wyoming	Clarence D. Clark	Republican	1895 (Special)	Incumbent re-elected January 24, 1899.^[21]	√ Clarence D. Clark (Republican) John Eugene Osborne (Democratic)

Elections during the 56th Congress

In these elections, the winners were elected in 1899 after March 4, and seated in the 56th Congress.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
State	Senator	Party	Electoral history	Results	Candidates
Nebraska (Class 1)	Vacant			Legislature had failed to elect, see above. New senator elected late March 8, 1899.^[22] Republican gain.	√ Monroe Hayward (Republican) 74 votes William V. Allen (Populist) 58 votes^[22]
Florida (Class 1)	Samuel Pasco	Democratic	1887 1893 (Failure to elect) 1893 (Appointed) 1893 (Special) 1899 (Failure to elect) 1899 (Appointed)	Interim appointee lost election to finish the term. New senator elected April 19, 1899.^[23] Democratic hold.	√ James Taliaferro (Democratic) Samuel Pasco (Democratic)

In this election, the winner was seated in the 57th Congress, starting March 4, 1901.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
State	Senator	Party	Electoral history	Results	Candidates
Virginia (Class 2)	Thomas S. Martin	Democratic	1893 (Early)	Incumbent re-elected early December 19, 1899 for the term beginning March 4, 1901.^[24]	√ Thomas S. Martin (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing.]

Maryland

Minnesota

New York

The election in New York was held January 17, 1899.

Democrat Edward Murphy Jr. had been elected to this seat in 1893, and his term would expire on March 3, 1899. At the State election in November 1898, 27 Republicans and 23 Democrats were elected for a two-year term (1899–1900) in the State Senate; and 88 Republicans and 62 Democrats were elected for the session of 1899 to the Assembly. The 122nd New York State Legislature met from January 4 to April 28, 1899, at Albany, New York.

Edward Murphy Jr. was a businessman and politician from Troy, New York. A Democrat, he served as mayor of Troy, New York (1875-1883), chairman of the New York State Democratic Committee (1888-1894), and a United States Senator from New York (1893-1899).

The Republican caucus met on January 12. State Senator Hobart Krum presided. They nominated Chauncey M. Depew unanimously. Depew had been Secretary of State of New York from 1864 to 1865, and was the frontrunning candidate to succeed Thomas C. Platt at the U.S. Senate special election in 1881 when he withdrew after the 41st ballot. Parallel to his political career, he moved up the ladder in the Vanderbilt Railroad System, being President of the New York Central and Hudson River Railroad from 1885 to 1898, and holding positions in dozens of other railroad companies.

Hobart Krum was an American lawyer and politician from New York.

The Secretary of State of New York is a cabinet officer in the government of the U.S. state of New York who leads the Department of State (NYSDOS).

Thomas Collier Platt was a two-term member of the U.S. House of Representatives (1873–1877) and a three-term U.S. Senator from New York in the years 1881 and 1897–1909. He is best known as the "political boss" of the Republican Party in New York State in the late 19th century and early 20th century. Upon his death, the New York Times stated that "no man ever exercised less influence in the Senate or the House of Representatives than he," but "no man ever exercised more power as a political leader." He considered himself the "political godfather" of many Republican governors of the state, including Theodore Roosevelt.

The Democratic caucus met also on January 12. State Senator George W. Plunkitt presided. They re-nominated the incumbent U.S. Senator Edward Murphy, Jr. unanimously.

George Washington Plunkitt was an American politician from New York State. He served in both houses of the New York State Legislature and was a member of the Tammany Hall political machine in New York City.

Chauncey M. Depew was the choice of both the Assembly and the State Senate, and was declared elected.

**1899 United States Senator election result**
House	Republican		Democratic
State Senate (50 members)	Chauncey M. Depew	27	Edward Murphy, Jr.	23
State Assembly (150 members)	Chauncey M. Depew	84	Edward Murphy, Jr.	60

Note: The votes were cast on January 17, but both Houses met in a joint session on January 18 to compare nominations, and declare the result.

Ohio

Ohio (Special)

Oregon

Oregon (Special)

Rhode Island

South Carolina (Special)

Ohio

Utah

In mid-August 1898, Alfred W. McCune decided to seek office as a Democrat for the United States Senate.^[25] State legislators had already indicated they would not support the incumbent, Frank J. Cannon for reelection. Cannon, a Republican, had voted against the Dingley Act, which would have raised tariffs on sugar and helped the Utah sugar industry.^[26] The Dingley bill was strongly supported by the LDS Church hierarchy, who now opposed his reelection.^[26] Other factors were his support for Free Silver; rumors about immoral acts he may have committed while living in Washington, D.C.; and that the Utah legislature was controlled by Democrats.^[26] The McCunes were close friends with Heber J. Grant, seventh LDS Church president and an ordained LDS apostle.^[27] Although the LDS church had (just weeks before) made a decision to stay out of state politics, McCune asked Grant for the church's assistance in winning office.^[25] Grant consulted with Joseph F. Smith (Apostle and sixth LDS president) and John Henry Smith (a member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles and the First Presidency of the LDS Church), both of whom supported McCune's senatorial bid.^[25] But McCune was not alone in seeking the office. Former Representative William H. King was also running (and backed by two Apostles), as was James Moyle (a prominent attorney and founder of the Utah Democratic Party who was backed by state legislators) and George Q. Cannon (an Apostle and member of the First Presidency).^[25]

At the time, members of the Senate were still elected by their respective state legislatures.^[25] The Utah state legislature convened in January 1899.^[28] There were 13 Republicans and 50 Democrats in the state legislature.^[29] From the beginning, McCune was considered the leading candidate.^[28] But the legislature quickly deadlocked over the election. One-hundred and twenty-one ballots were cast, and no winner emerged.^[28] McCune was one or two votes shy of winning on several ballots.^[28] on February 18, before the 122nd ballot, state representative Albert A. Law (a Republican from Cache County and a Cannon supporter) claimed McCune offered him $1,500 for his vote.^[30] McCune strenuously denied the charge, and a seven-member legislative established to investigate the allegation.^[28]^[30] The committee voted 7-to-2 to absolve McCune of the charge, and this outcome was announced to the legislature on March 6.^[28]^[30] Balloting resumed, and on March 8, on the 149th ballot, McCune still lacked enough votes to win office (he had only 25 votes).^[28]^[30] The legislature adjourned without having chosen a senator,^[31] and McCune traveled in Europe for several weeks to regain his health (returning in June 1899).^[32]

Utah's U.S. Senate seat remained vacant until January 1901.

Vermont

Notes

↑ as Republican Conference Chair
↑ as Democratic Caucus Chair
1 2 "WHITE'S SUCCESSOR NOT NAMED". The New York Times . January 17, 1899. p. 2.
↑ "Hawley Elected in Connecticut". The New York Times . January 18, 1899. p. 2.
↑ "DEADLOCK IN DELAWARE". The New York Times . January 17, 1899. pp. 1, 2.
1 2 "Senator Pasco's Credentials". The New York Times . March 4, 1899. p. 2.
1 2 Public Opinion. 1898. p. 137.
↑ "Henry Cabot Lodge Re-elected". The New York Times . January 18, 1899. p. 2.
↑ "SENATORS FORMALLY ELECTED". The Chicago Daily Tribune . January 19, 1899. p. 2.
↑ "Cockrell Re-elected in Missouri". The New York Times . January 18, 1899. p. 2.
↑ "No Election in Nebraska". The New York Times . p. 2.
↑ "Stewart Re-elected in Nevada". The New York Times . January 25, 1899. p. 2.
↑ "KEAN UNITED STATES SENATOR". The New York Times . January 25, 1899. p. 2.
↑ "An Election in North Dakota". The New York Times . January 21, 1899. p. 1.
↑ "Culberson Elected in Texas". The New York Times . January 25, 1899. p. 2.
↑ "Utah Fails to Elect Senator". Boston Evening Transcript . March 10, 1899. Retrieved April 30, 2010.
↑ "Senator Proctor Re-elected". The New York Times . October 19, 1898. p. 4.
↑ "AN ELECTION IN WASHINGTON". The New York Times . February 2, 1899. p. 2.
1 2 "WEST VIRGINIA'S NEW SENATOR". The New York Times . January 26, 1899. p. 2.
↑ "Quarles Elected in Wisconsin". The New York Times . February 1, 1899. p. 8.
↑ "Clark Re-elected in Wyoming". The New York Times . January 25, 1899. p. 2.
1 2 "Hayward Elected in Nebraska". The New York Times . March 9, 1899. p. 2.
↑ Byrd, p. 93.
↑ "Senator Martin Is Re-elected". The New York Times . December 20, 1899. p. 9.
1 2 3 4 5 Alexander, p. 10.
1 2 3 Powell, p. 70.
↑ Wadley.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Whitney (1916), p. 527.
↑ Smoot, p. 860.
1 2 3 4 Smoot, p. 863.
↑ "Utah With One Senator" (PDF). The New York Times . March 11, 1899.
↑ Whitney1904, p. 508.

Related Research Articles

Reed Smoot was a businessman and apostle of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints when he was elected by the state legislature to the United States Senate in 1902; he served as a Republican senator from 1903 to 1933. From his time in the Senate, Smoot is primarily remembered as the co-sponsor of the 1930 Smoot–Hawley Tariff Act, which increased almost 900 American import duties. Thomas Lamont, a partner at J.P. Morgan at the time said, "That Act intensified nationalism all over the world". The Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act is widely regarded as one of the catalysts for the Great Depression.

Frank Jenne Cannon was the first United States Senator from Utah, who served from 1896 to 1899.

Although the 17th Amendment was not passed until 1913, some states elected their Senators directly before its passage. Oregon pioneered direct election and experimented with different measures over several years until it succeeded in 1907. Soon after, Nebraska followed suit and laid the foundation for other states to adopt measures reflecting the people's will. By 1912, as many as 29 states elected senators either as nominees of their party's primary or in conjunction with a general election.

Thomas Kearns United State Senator from Utah

Thomas Kearns was an American mining, banking, railroad and newspaper magnate. He was a United States Senator from Utah from 1901 to 1905.

The 1863 United States Senate election in New York was held on February 3, 1863, by the New York State Legislature to elect a U.S. Senator to represent the State of New York in the United States Senate.

The 1881 United States Senate election in New York was held on January 18, 1881, by the New York State Legislature to elect a U.S. Senator to represent the State of New York in the United States Senate.

The 1893 United States Senate election in New York was held on January 17, 1893, by the New York State Legislature to elect a U.S. Senator to represent the State of New York in the United States Senate.

The 1899 United States Senate election in New York was held on January 17, 1899, by the New York State Legislature to elect a U.S. Senator to represent the State of New York in the United States Senate.

The 1905 United States Senate election in New York was held on January 17, 1905, by the New York State Legislature to elect a U.S. Senator to represent the State of New York in the United States Senate.

The 1911 United States Senate election in New York was held from January 17 to March 31, 1911, by the New York State Legislature to elect a U.S. Senator to represent the State of New York in the United States Senate.

The United States Senate elections of 1896 and 1897 were elections in which the Democratic Party lost seven seats in the United States Senate, mostly to smaller third parties.

The United States Senate elections of 1900 and 1901 were elections in which the Democratic Party gained two seats in the United States Senate, and which corresponded with President William McKinley's landslide re-election. By the beginning of the next Congress, however, the Republicans gained five additional seats, giving them a ten-seat majority.

The United States Senate elections of 1904 and 1905 were elections that coincided with President Theodore Roosevelt's landslide election to a full term. Party share of seats remained roughly the same, when including vacancies and appointments, and the Republicans retained a significant majority over the Democrats.

The United States Senate elections of 1880 and 1881 were elections that coincided with the presidential election of 1880, and had the Democratic Party lose five seats in the United States Senate. The newly elected Readjuster senator caucused with the Republicans, and the Republican Vice President's tie-breaking vote gave the Republicans the slightest majority. All of that changed September 19, 1881 when the Vice President ascended to the Presidency and the Senate became evenly-divided.

The United States Senate elections of 1886 and 1887 were elections that had the Republican Party lose two seats in the United States Senate. At the beginning of the 50th Congress, therefore, Republicans had the slimmest possible majority due to a vacant Democratic seat: 38 out of 75 seats. Once that vacancy was filled, Republicans maintained control as the single Readjuster Senator caucused with them.

The United States Senate elections of 1890 and 1891 were elections in which the Republican Party lost four seats in the United States Senate, though still retaining a slim majority. That majority was increased, however, upon the admission of two more states with Republican senators.

The United States Senate elections of 1892 and 1893 were elections which, corresponding with former Democratic President Grover Cleveland's return to power, had the Republican Party lose nine seats in the United States Senate and lose its majority to the Democratic Party. The Democratic majority, however, was minimal and didn't last past the next Congress.

Alfred William McCune was an American railroad builder, mine operator, and politician from the state of Utah. Owner of several retail and construction businesses, he helped build the Montana Central Railway and a portion of the Utah Southern Railroad, founded the Utah and Pacific Railroad, and built railways in Peru, among other projects. He also owned many profitable mines in Canada, Montana, Peru, and Utah, including the Payne Mine—which paid the most dividends in the history of British Columbia. Late in life, he co-founded the Cerro de Pasco Investment Company, which became the largest copper investor in South America and the largest American investor in Peru until it was nationalized in 1974. He was one of Utah's first millionaires.

The United States Senate elections of 1862 and 1863 were elections during the American Civil War in which Republicans increased their control of the U.S. Senate. The Republican Party gained three seats, bringing their majority to 66% of the body. Also caucusing with them were Unionists and Unconditional Unionists. As many Southern states seceded in 1860 and 1861, and members left the Senate to join the Confederacy, or were expelled for supporting the rebellion, seats were declared vacant. To establish a quorum with fewer members, a lower total seat number was taken into account.

On January 12, 1898, the Ohio General Assembly met in joint convention to elect a United States Senator. The incumbent, Mark Hanna, had been appointed by Governor Asa Bushnell on March 5, 1897, to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of John Sherman to become Secretary of State to President William McKinley. Hanna's appointment was only good until the legislature met and made its own choice. The legislature elected Hanna over his fellow Republican, Cleveland Mayor Robert McKisson, both for the remainder of Sherman's original term and for a full six-year term to conclude in 1905.

References

Party Division in the Senate, 1789–Present, via Senate.gov
Proceedings before the Committee on Privileges and Elections of the United States Senate in the Matter of the Protests Against the Right on Hon. Reed Smoot, a Senator from the State of Utah, to Hold his Seat. 1. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. 1906.
Alexander, Thomas G. (1996). Mormonism in Transition. Urbana, Illinois: University of Illinois Press.
Byrd, Robert C. (October 1, 1993). Wolff, Wendy, ed. "The Senate, 1789–1989: Historical Statistics, 1789–1992". United States Senate Historical Office (volume 4 Bicentennial ed.). Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.
Maisel, Louis S. (2001). Jews in American Politics. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield.
Powell, Allan Kent (1995). Utah History Encyclopedia. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press.
"United States Senators". The Tribune Almanac and Political Register 1899. New York: The Tribune Association. 1899. pp. 255–256 – via Hathi Trust Digital Library.
"United States Senators". The Tribune Almanac and Political Register 1900. New York: The Tribune Association. 1900. pp. 240–247 – via Hathi Trust Digital Library.
Wadley, Carma (April 19, 2001). "A Unique 100-Year-Old Heirloom". Deseret News.
Whitney, Orson F. (October 1904). History of Utah. IV Biographical. George Q. Cannon & Sons., Co.
Whitney, Orson F. (1916). Popular History of Utah. The Deseret News .
"MR. DEPEW FOR SENATOR" (PDF). The New York Times . January 13, 1899.
"Senator Murphy Renominated" (PDF). The New York Times . January 13, 1899.
"ELECTION OF MR. DEPEW" (PDF). The New York Times . January 18, 1899.

This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.

[1] s Republican Conference Chair

[2] s Democratic Caucus Chair

[NYTCA-3] 1 2 "WHITE'S SUCCESSOR NOT NAMED". The New York Times . January 17, 1899. p. 2.

[NYTCT-4] "Hawley Elected in Connecticut". The New York Times . January 18, 1899. p. 2.

[NYTDE-5] "DEADLOCK IN DELAWARE". The New York Times . January 17, 1899. pp. 1, 2.

[NYTFL-6] 1 2 "Senator Pasco's Credentials". The New York Times . March 4, 1899. p. 2.

[POMD-7] 1 2 Public Opinion. 1898. p. 137.

[8] "Henry Cabot Lodge Re-elected". The New York Times . January 18, 1899. p. 2.

[9] "SENATORS FORMALLY ELECTED". The Chicago Daily Tribune . January 19, 1899. p. 2.

[10] "Cockrell Re-elected in Missouri". The New York Times . January 18, 1899. p. 2.

[NYTNE1-11] "No Election in Nebraska". The New York Times . p. 2.

[NYTNV-12] "Stewart Re-elected in Nevada". The New York Times . January 25, 1899. p. 2.

[NYTNJ-13] "KEAN UNITED STATES SENATOR". The New York Times . January 25, 1899. p. 2.

[NYTND-14] "An Election in North Dakota". The New York Times . January 21, 1899. p. 1.

[NYTTX-15] "Culberson Elected in Texas". The New York Times . January 25, 1899. p. 2.

[16] "Utah Fails to Elect Senator". Boston Evening Transcript . March 10, 1899. Retrieved April 30, 2010.

[17] "Senator Proctor Re-elected". The New York Times . October 19, 1898. p. 4.

[18] "AN ELECTION IN WASHINGTON". The New York Times . February 2, 1899. p. 2.

[NYTWV-19] 1 2 "WEST VIRGINIA'S NEW SENATOR". The New York Times . January 26, 1899. p. 2.

[20] "Quarles Elected in Wisconsin". The New York Times . February 1, 1899. p. 8.

[NYTWY-21] "Clark Re-elected in Wyoming". The New York Times . January 25, 1899. p. 2.

[NYTNE2-22] 1 2 "Hayward Elected in Nebraska". The New York Times . March 9, 1899. p. 2.

[FOOTNOTEByrd93-23] Byrd, p. 93.

[24] "Senator Martin Is Re-elected". The New York Times . December 20, 1899. p. 9.

[FOOTNOTEAlexander10-25] 1 2 3 4 5 Alexander, p. 10.

[FOOTNOTEPowell70-26] 1 2 3 Powell, p. 70.

[FOOTNOTEWadley-27] Wadley.

[FOOTNOTEWhitney_(1916)527-28] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Whitney (1916), p. 527.

[FOOTNOTESmoot860-29] Smoot, p. 860.

[FOOTNOTESmoot863-30] 1 2 3 4 Smoot, p. 863.

[31] "Utah With One Senator" (PDF). The New York Times . March 11, 1899.

[FOOTNOTEWhitney1904508-32] Whitney1904, p. 508.

v t e United States Senate elections
Multiple-date elections	1788/89 1790/91 1792/93 1794/95 1796/97 1798/99 1800/01 1802/03 1804/05 1806/07 1808/09 1810/11 1812/13 1814/15 1816/17 1818/19 1820/21 1822/23 1824/25 1826/27 1828/29 1830/31 1832/33 1834/35 1836/37 1838/39 1840/41 1842/43 1844/45 1846/47 1848/49 1850/51 1852/53 1854/55 1856/57 1858/59 1860/61 1862/63 1864/65 1866/67 1868/69 1870/71 1872/73 1874/75 1876/77 1878/79 1880/81 1882/83 1884/85 1886/87 1888/89 1890/91 1892/93 1894/95 1896/97 1898/99 1900/01 1902/03 1904/05 1906/07 1908/09 1910/11 1912/13
Single-date elections	1914 1916 1918 1920 1922 1924 1926 1928 1930 1932 1934 1936 1938 1940 1942 1944 1946 1948 1950 1952 1954 1956 1958 1960 1962 1964 1966 1968 1970 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 2022
Special elections Election disputes Results by state List of elections in the United States House elections Presidential elections Gubernatorial elections

United States Senate elections, 1898 and 1899

Contents

Results summary

Change in Senate composition

Before the elections

Result of the general elections

Beginning of the next Congress

Race summaries

Elections during the 55th Congress

Races leading to the 56th Congress

Elections during the 56th Congress

Maryland

Minnesota

New York

Ohio

Ohio (Special)

Oregon

Oregon (Special)

Rhode Island

South Carolina (Special)

Ohio

Utah

Vermont

See also

Notes

Related Research Articles

References