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26 of the 76 seats in the United States Senate (as well as special elections) 39 seats needed for a majority | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The United States Senate elections of 1888 and 1889 were elections that coincided with Benjamin Harrison's victory over incumbent President Grover Cleveland. Both parties were unchanged in the general elections, but later special elections would give Republicans an eight-seat majority, mostly from newly admitted states.
As these elections were prior to ratification of the seventeenth amendment, Senators were chosen by State legislatures.
Senate Party Division, 51st Congress (1889–1891)
D8 | D7 | D6 | D5 | D4 | D3 | D2 | D1 | ||
D9 | D10 | D11 | D12 | D13 | D14 | D15 | D16 | D17 | D18 |
D28 Ran | D27 Ran | D26 Ran | D25 Ran | D24 | D23 | D22 | D21 | D20 | D19 |
D29 Ran | D30 Ran | D31 Ran | D32 Ran | D33 Ran | D34 Ran | D35 Ran | D36 Ran | D37 Ran | RA1 Retired |
Majority with Readjuster in caucus → | R38 Retired | ||||||||
R29 Ran | R30 Ran | R31 Ran | R32 Ran | R33 Ran | R34 Ran | R35 Ran | R36 Unknown | R37 Unknown | |
R28 Ran | R27 Ran | R26 | R25 | R24 | R23 | R22 | R21 | R20 | R19 |
R9 | R10 | R11 | R12 | R13 | R14 | R15 | R16 | R17 | R18 |
R8 | R7 | R6 | R5 | R4 | R3 | R2 | R1 |
D8 | D7 | D6 | D5 | D4 | D3 | D2 | D1 | ||
D9 | D10 | D11 | D12 | D13 | D14 | D15 | D16 | D17 | D18 |
D28 Re-elected | D27 Re-elected | D26 Re-elected | D25 Re-elected | D24 | D23 | D22 | D21 | D20 | D19 |
D29 Re-elected | D30 Re-elected | D31 Re-elected | D32 Re-elected | D33 Re-elected | D34 Re-elected | D35 Re-elected | D36 Re-elected | D37 Gain | V1 R Loss |
Majority due to vacancy → | R38 Gain | ||||||||
R29 Re-elected | R30 Re-elected | R31 Re-elected | R32 Re-elected | R33 Re-elected | R39 Re-elected | R35 Hold | R36 Hold | R37 Hold | |
R28 Re-elected | R27 Re-elected | R26 | R25 | R24 | R23 | R22 | R21 | R20 | R19 |
R9 | R10 | R11 | R12 | R13 | R14 | R15 | R16 | R17 | R18 |
R8 | R7 | R6 | R5 | R4 | R3 | R2 | R1 |
D8 | D7 | D6 | D5 | D4 | D3 | D2 | D1 | ||
D9 | D10 | D11 | D12 | D13 | D14 | D15 | D16 | D17 | D18 |
D28 | D27 | D26 | D25 | D24 | D23 | D22 | D21 | D20 | D19 |
D29 | D30 | D31 | D32 | D33 | D34 | D35 | D36 | D37 | R39 Gain |
Majority → | |||||||||
R29 | R30 | R31 | R32 | R33 | R34 | R35 | R36 | R37 | R38 |
R28 | R27 | R26 | R25 | R24 | R23 | R22 | R21 | R20 | R19 |
R9 | R10 | R11 | R12 | R13 | R14 | R15 | R16 | R17 | R18 |
R8 | R7 | R6 | R5 | R4 | R3 | R2 | R1 |
D1 | |||||||||
D11 | D10 | D9 | D8 | D7 | D6 | D5 | D4 | D3 | D2 |
D12 | D13 | D14 | D15 | D16 | D17 | D18 | D19 | D20 | D21 |
D31 | D30 | D29 | D28 | D27 | D26 | D25 | D24 | D23 | D22 |
D32 | D33 | D34 | D35 | D36 | D37 | R45 New state | R44 New state | R43 New state | R42 New state |
Majority → | |||||||||
R32 | R33 Hold | R34 Hold | R35 | R36 | R37 | R38 | R39 | R40 New state | R41 New state |
R31 | R30 | R29 | R28 | R27 | R26 | R25 | R24 | R23 | R22 |
R12 | R13 | R14 | R15 | R16 | R17 | R18 | R19 | R20 | R21 |
R11 | R10 | R9 | R8 | R7 | R6 | R5 | R4 | R3 | R2 |
R1 |
Key: |
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There were no special elections during 1888 or in 1889 before March 4.
In these general elections, the winners were elected for the term beginning March 4, 1889; ordered by state.
All of the elections involved the Class 2 seats.
State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
Alabama | John Tyler Morgan | Democratic | 1876 1882 | Incumbent re-elected in 1888. | √ John Tyler Morgan (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing.] |
Arkansas | James Berry | Democratic | 1885 (Special) | Incumbent re-elected in 1889. | √ James Berry (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing.] |
Colorado | Thomas M. Bowen | Republican | 1882 or 1883 | Unknown if retired or lost re-election. Winner elected in 1889. Republican hold. | √ Edward O. Wolcott (Republican) [Data unknown/missing.] |
Delaware | Eli M. Saulsbury | Democratic | 1870 1876 1883 | Incumbent lost re-election. Winner elected in 1888 or 1889. Republican gain. | √ Anthony C. Higgins (Republican) Eli M. Saulsbury (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing.] |
Georgia | Alfred H. Colquitt | Democratic | 1883 | Incumbent re-elected in 1888. | √ Alfred H. Colquitt (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing.] |
Illinois | Shelby M. Cullom | Republican | 1882 | Incumbent re-elected in 1888. | √ Shelby M. Cullom (Republican) [Data unknown/missing.] |
Iowa | James F. Wilson | Republican | 1882 | Incumbent re-elected January 25, 1888. | √ James F. Wilson (Republican) [1] T. J. Anderson (Democratic) Daniel Campbell [2] J. R. Reed [2] John A. T. Hull (Republican) [2] Henry Wallace (Republican) [2] |
Kansas | Preston B. Plumb | Republican | 1877 1883 | Incumbent re-elected in 1888. | √ Preston B. Plumb (Republican) [Data unknown/missing.] |
Kentucky | James B. Beck | Democratic | 1876 1882 | Incumbent re-elected in 1888. | √ James B. Beck (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing.] |
Louisiana | Randall L. Gibson | Democratic | 1882 | Incumbent re-elected in 1889. | √ Randall L. Gibson (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing.] |
Maine | William P. Frye | Republican | 1881 (Special) 1883 | Incumbent re-elected in 1889. | √ William P. Frye (Republican) [Data unknown/missing.] |
Massachusetts | George Frisbie Hoar | Republican | 1877 1883 | Incumbent re-elected in 1889. | √ George Frisbie Hoar (Republican) [Data unknown/missing.] |
Michigan | Thomas W. Palmer | Republican | 1882 or 1883 | Incumbent retired. Winner elected in 1889. Republican hold. | √ James McMillan (Republican) [Data unknown/missing.] |
Minnesota | Dwight M. Sabin | Republican | 1883 | Incumbent lost renomination. Winner elected in 1888. Republican hold. | √ William D. Washburn (Republican) [Data unknown/missing.] |
Mississippi | Edward C. Walthall | Democratic | 1885 (Appointed) 1886 (Special) | Incumbent re-elected in 1889. | √ Edward C. Walthall (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing.] |
Nebraska | Charles F. Manderson | Republican | 1883 | Incumbent re-elected in 1888. | √ Charles F. Manderson (Republican) [Data unknown/missing.] |
New Hampshire | William E. Chandler | Republican | 1887 (Special) | Unknown if incumbent retired or lost re-election. Legislature failed to elect. Republican loss. An interim senator was appointed to start the next term and the incumbent was later elected to finish that term, see below. | [Data unknown/missing.] |
New Jersey | John R. McPherson | Democratic | 1877 1883 | Incumbent re-elected in 1889. | √ John R. McPherson (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing.] |
North Carolina | Matt W. Ransom | Democratic | 1872 (Special) 1876 1883 | Incumbent re-elected in 1889. | √ Matt W. Ransom (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing.] |
Oregon | Joseph N. Dolph | Republican | 1882 | Incumbent re-elected in 1888. | √ Joseph N. Dolph (Republican) [Data unknown/missing.] |
Rhode Island | Jonathan Chace | Republican | 1885 (Special) | Incumbent re-elected in 1888. | √ Jonathan Chace (Republican) [Data unknown/missing.] |
South Carolina | Matthew Butler | Democratic | 1876 1882 | Incumbent re-elected in 1888. | √ Matthew Butler (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing.] |
Tennessee | Isham G. Harris | Democratic | 1877 1883 | Incumbent re-elected in 1889. | √ Isham G. Harris (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing.] |
Texas | Richard Coke | Democratic | 1876 1882 | Incumbent re-elected in 1888. | √ Richard Coke (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing.] |
Virginia | Harrison H. Riddleberger | Readjuster | 1881 | Incumbent retired. Winner elected early December 20, 1887. [3] Democratic gain. | √ John S. Barbour Jr. (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing.] |
West Virginia | John E. Kenna | Democratic | 1883 | Incumbent re-elected in 1889. | √ John E. Kenna (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing.] |
In these elections, the winners were elected in 1889 after March 4; ordered by election date.
State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
Rhode Island (Class 2) | Jonathan Chace | Republican | 1885 (Special) 1888 | Incumbent resigned April 9, 1889. Winner was elected April 10, 1889. Republican hold. | √ Nathan F. Dixon III (Republican) [Data unknown/missing.] |
New Hampshire (Class 2) | Gilman Marston | Republican | 1889 (Appointed) | Unknown if interim appointee retired or lost election to finish the term. Winner elected June 18, 1889. Republican hold. | √ William E. Chandler (Republican) [Data unknown/missing.] |
South Dakota (Class 2) | New state | South Dakota admitted to the Union November 2, 1889. First senators elected October 16, 1889, in advance of statehood. [4] Republican gain. | √ Richard F. Pettigrew (Republican) 108 Bartlett Tripp (Democratic) 14 Absent/not voting 2 [4] | ||
South Dakota (Class 3) | New state | South Dakota admitted to the Union November 2, 1889. First senators elected October 16, 1889, in advance of statehood. [4] Republican gain. | √ Gideon C. Moody (Republican) 107 Merritt H. Day (Democratic) 14 [4] | ||
Washington (Class 1) | New state | Washington admitted to the Union November 11, 1889. First senator elected November 20, 1889. Republican gain. | √ John B. Allen (Republican) [Data unknown/missing.] | ||
Washington (Class 3) | New state | Washington admitted to the Union November 11, 1889. First senator elected November 20, 1889. Republican gain. | √ Watson C. Squire (Republican) [Data unknown/missing.] | ||
North Dakota (Class 1) | New state | North Dakota admitted to the Union November 2, 1889. First senators elected November 25, 1889. [5] Republican gain. | √ Lyman R. Casey (Republican) 62 Martin N. Johnson (Republican) 26 Daniel W. Maratta (Democratic) 4 [5] | ||
North Dakota (Class 3) | New state | North Dakota admitted to the Union November 2, 1889. First senators elected November 25, 1889. [5] Republican gain. | √ Gilbert A. Pierce (Republican) 56 Michael L. McCormack (Democratic) 6 [5] |
Iowa City is a city in Johnson County, Iowa, United States. It is the home of the University of Iowa and county seat of Johnson County, at the center of the Iowa City Metropolitan Statistical Area. The U.S. Census Bureau estimated the city's population at 75,798 in 2017, making it the state's fifth-largest city. Iowa City is the county seat of Johnson County. The metropolitan area, which encompasses Johnson and Washington counties, has a population of over 171,000.