United States Senate elections, 1888 and 1889

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United States Senate elections, 1888 and 1889
Flag of the United States (1877-1890).svg
  1886/87 Dates vary by state 1890/91  

26 of the 76 seats in the United States Senate (as well as special elections)
39 seats needed for a majority

 Majority partyMinority partyThird party
 
Party Republican Democratic Readjuster
Seats before38371
Seats won0
Seats after38371
Seat changeSteady2.svgSteady2.svgDecrease2.svg 1
Seats up12131
Races won1213

Majority Party before election

Republican

Elected Majority Party

Republican

The United States Senate elections of 1888 and 1889 were elections that coincided with Benjamin Harrison's victory over incumbent President Grover Cleveland. Both parties were unchanged in the general elections, but later special elections would give Republicans an eight-seat majority, mostly from newly admitted states.

Contents

As these elections were prior to ratification of the seventeenth amendment, Senators were chosen by State legislatures.

Results summary

Senate Party Division, 51st Congress (1889–1891)

Change in Senate composition

Before the elections

D8D7D6D5D4D3D2D1
D9D10D11D12D13D14D15D16D17D18
D28
Ran
D27
Ran
D26
Ran
D25
Ran
D24D23D22D21D20D19
D29
Ran
D30
Ran
D31
Ran
D32
Ran
D33
Ran
D34
Ran
D35
Ran
D36
Ran
D37
Ran
RA1
Retired
Majority with Readjuster in caucus →R38
Retired
R29
Ran
R30
Ran
R31
Ran
R32
Ran
R33
Ran
R34
Ran
R35
Ran
R36
Unknown
R37
Unknown
R28
Ran
R27
Ran
R26R25R24R23R22R21R20R19
R9R10R11R12R13R14R15R16R17R18
R8R7R6R5R4R3R2R1

After the elections

D8D7D6D5D4D3D2D1
D9D10D11D12D13D14D15D16D17D18
D28
Re-elected
D27
Re-elected
D26
Re-elected
D25
Re-elected
D24D23D22D21D20D19
D29
Re-elected
D30
Re-elected
D31
Re-elected
D32
Re-elected
D33
Re-elected
D34
Re-elected
D35
Re-elected
D36
Re-elected
D37
Gain
V1
R Loss
Majority due to vacancy →R38
Gain
R29
Re-elected
R30
Re-elected
R31
Re-elected
R32
Re-elected
R33
Re-elected
R39
Re-elected
R35
Hold
R36
Hold
R37
Hold
R28
Re-elected
R27
Re-elected
R26R25R24R23R22R21R20R19
R9R10R11R12R13R14R15R16R17R18
R8R7R6R5R4R3R2R1

Beginning of the next Congress

D8D7D6D5D4D3D2D1
D9D10D11D12D13D14D15D16D17D18
D28D27D26D25D24D23D22D21D20D19
D29D30D31D32D33D34D35D36D37R39
Gain
Majority →
R29R30R31R32R33R34R35R36R37R38
R28R27R26R25R24R23R22R21R20R19
R9R10R11R12R13R14R15R16R17R18
R8R7R6R5R4R3R2R1

End of 1889

D1
D11D10D9D8D7D6D5D4D3D2
D12D13D14D15D16D17D18D19D20D21
D31D30D29D28D27D26D25D24D23D22
D32D33D34D35D36D37R45
New state
R44
New state
R43
New state
R42
New state
Majority →
R32R33
Hold
R34
Hold
R35R36R37R38R39R40
New state
R41
New state
R31R30R29R28R27R26R25R24R23R22
R12R13R14R15R16R17R18R19R20R21
R11R10R9R8R7R6R5R4R3R2
R1
Key:
D# Democratic
RA# Readjuster
R# Republican
V#Vacant

Race summaries

Special elections during the 50th Congress

There were no special elections during 1888 or in 1889 before March 4.

Races leading to the 51st Congress

In these general elections, the winners were elected for the term beginning March 4, 1889; ordered by state.

All of the elections involved the Class 2 seats.

StateIncumbentResultsCandidates
SenatorPartyElectoral
history
Alabama John Tyler Morgan Democratic 1876
1882
Incumbent re-elected in 1888.John Tyler Morgan (Democratic)
[Data unknown/missing.]
Arkansas James Berry Democratic 1885 (Special) Incumbent re-elected in 1889.James Berry (Democratic)
[Data unknown/missing.]
Colorado Thomas M. Bowen Republican1882 or 1883Unknown if retired or lost re-election.
Winner elected in 1889.
Republican hold.
Edward O. Wolcott (Republican)
[Data unknown/missing.]
Delaware Eli M. Saulsbury Democratic 1870
1876
1883
Incumbent lost re-election.
Winner elected in 1888 or 1889.
Republican gain.
Anthony C. Higgins (Republican)
Eli M. Saulsbury (Democratic)
[Data unknown/missing.]
Georgia Alfred H. Colquitt Democratic 1883 Incumbent re-elected in 1888.Alfred H. Colquitt (Democratic)
[Data unknown/missing.]
Illinois Shelby M. Cullom Republican 1882 Incumbent re-elected in 1888.Shelby M. Cullom (Republican)
[Data unknown/missing.]
Iowa James F. Wilson Republican 1882 Incumbent re-elected January 25, 1888.James F. Wilson (Republican) [1]
T. J. Anderson (Democratic)
Daniel Campbell [2]
J. R. Reed [2]
John A. T. Hull (Republican) [2]
Henry Wallace (Republican) [2]
Kansas Preston B. Plumb Republican 1877
1883
Incumbent re-elected in 1888.Preston B. Plumb (Republican)
[Data unknown/missing.]
Kentucky James B. Beck Democratic 1876
1882
Incumbent re-elected in 1888.James B. Beck (Democratic)
[Data unknown/missing.]
Louisiana Randall L. Gibson Democratic 1882 Incumbent re-elected in 1889.Randall L. Gibson (Democratic)
[Data unknown/missing.]
Maine William P. Frye Republican 1881 (Special)
1883
Incumbent re-elected in 1889.William P. Frye (Republican)
[Data unknown/missing.]
Massachusetts George Frisbie Hoar Republican 1877
1883
Incumbent re-elected in 1889.George Frisbie Hoar (Republican)
[Data unknown/missing.]
Michigan Thomas W. Palmer Republican1882 or 1883Incumbent retired.
Winner elected in 1889.
Republican hold.
James McMillan (Republican)
[Data unknown/missing.]
Minnesota Dwight M. Sabin Republican 1883 Incumbent lost renomination.
Winner elected in 1888.
Republican hold.
William D. Washburn (Republican)
[Data unknown/missing.]
Mississippi Edward C. Walthall Democratic1885 (Appointed)
1886 (Special)
Incumbent re-elected in 1889.Edward C. Walthall (Democratic)
[Data unknown/missing.]
Nebraska Charles F. Manderson Republican 1883 Incumbent re-elected in 1888.Charles F. Manderson (Republican)
[Data unknown/missing.]
New Hampshire William E. Chandler Republican 1887 (Special) Unknown if incumbent retired or lost re-election.
Legislature failed to elect.
Republican loss.
An interim senator was appointed to start the next term and the incumbent was later elected to finish that term, see below.
[Data unknown/missing.]
New Jersey John R. McPherson Democratic 1877
1883
Incumbent re-elected in 1889.John R. McPherson (Democratic)
[Data unknown/missing.]
North Carolina Matt W. Ransom Democratic 1872 (Special)
1876
1883
Incumbent re-elected in 1889.Matt W. Ransom (Democratic)
[Data unknown/missing.]
Oregon Joseph N. Dolph Republican 1882 Incumbent re-elected in 1888.Joseph N. Dolph (Republican)
[Data unknown/missing.]
Rhode Island Jonathan Chace Republican 1885 (Special) Incumbent re-elected in 1888.Jonathan Chace (Republican)
[Data unknown/missing.]
South Carolina Matthew Butler Democratic 1876
1882
Incumbent re-elected in 1888.Matthew Butler (Democratic)
[Data unknown/missing.]
Tennessee Isham G. Harris Democratic 1877
1883
Incumbent re-elected in 1889.Isham G. Harris (Democratic)
[Data unknown/missing.]
Texas Richard Coke Democratic 1876
1882
Incumbent re-elected in 1888.Richard Coke (Democratic)
[Data unknown/missing.]
Virginia Harrison H. Riddleberger Readjuster 1881 Incumbent retired.
Winner elected early December 20, 1887. [3]
Democratic gain.
John S. Barbour Jr. (Democratic)
[Data unknown/missing.]
West Virginia John E. Kenna Democratic 1883 Incumbent re-elected in 1889.John E. Kenna (Democratic)
[Data unknown/missing.]

Elections during the 51st Congress

In these elections, the winners were elected in 1889 after March 4; ordered by election date.

StateIncumbentResultsCandidates
SenatorPartyElectoral history
Rhode Island
(Class 2)
Jonathan Chace Republican 1885 (Special)
1888
Incumbent resigned April 9, 1889.
Winner was elected April 10, 1889.
Republican hold.
Nathan F. Dixon III (Republican)
[Data unknown/missing.]
New Hampshire
(Class 2)
Gilman Marston Republican1889 (Appointed)Unknown if interim appointee retired or lost election to finish the term.
Winner elected June 18, 1889.
Republican hold.
William E. Chandler (Republican)
[Data unknown/missing.]
South Dakota
(Class 2)
New stateSouth Dakota admitted to the Union November 2, 1889.
First senators elected October 16, 1889, in advance of statehood. [4]
Republican gain.
Richard F. Pettigrew (Republican) 108
Bartlett Tripp (Democratic) 14
Absent/not voting 2 [4]
South Dakota
(Class 3)
New stateSouth Dakota admitted to the Union November 2, 1889.
First senators elected October 16, 1889, in advance of statehood. [4]
Republican gain.
Gideon C. Moody (Republican) 107
Merritt H. Day (Democratic) 14 [4]
Washington
(Class 1)
New stateWashington admitted to the Union November 11, 1889.
First senator elected November 20, 1889.
Republican gain.
John B. Allen (Republican)
[Data unknown/missing.]
Washington
(Class 3)
New stateWashington admitted to the Union November 11, 1889.
First senator elected November 20, 1889.
Republican gain.
Watson C. Squire (Republican)
[Data unknown/missing.]
North Dakota
(Class 1)
New stateNorth Dakota admitted to the Union November 2, 1889.
First senators elected November 25, 1889. [5]
Republican gain.
Lyman R. Casey (Republican) 62
Martin N. Johnson (Republican) 26
Daniel W. Maratta (Democratic) 4 [5]
North Dakota
(Class 3)
New stateNorth Dakota admitted to the Union November 2, 1889.
First senators elected November 25, 1889. [5]
Republican gain.
Gilbert A. Pierce (Republican) 56
Michael L. McCormack (Democratic) 6 [5]

See also

Related Research Articles

References

  1. Clark, p. 214
  2. 1 2 3 4 Campbell, Reed, Hull, and Wallce each received between one and three votes. Clark, p. 215.
  3. John S. Barbour Jr. at Encyclopedia Virginia
  4. 1 2 3 4 Journal of the House of Representatives…, p. 11
  5. 1 2 3 4 Journal of the House of the First Legislative Assembly…, p. 63-64
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