United States Senate elections, 1944

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United States Senate elections, 1944
Flag of the United States (1912-1959).svg
  1942 November 7, 1944 1946  

32 of the 96 seats in the United States Senate
49 seats needed for a majority
 Majority partyMinority party
  AlbenBarkley.jpg WallaceWhiteJr.jpg
Leader Alben Barkley Wallace White
Party Democratic Republican
Leader sinceJuly 22, 1937February 25, 1944
Leader's seat Kentucky Maine
Seats before5837
Seats won5837
Seat changeSteady2.svgSteady2.svg
Popular vote17,590,77016,127,651
Percentage50.3%46.1%
SwingIncrease2.svg 3.6%Decrease2.svg 3.1%
Seats up2111
Races won2111

 Third party
 
Party Progressive
Seats before1
Seats won1
Seat changeSteady2.svg
Popular vote73,089
Percentage0.2%
SwingIncrease2.svg 0.2%
Seats up0
Races won0

US 1944 senate election map.svg
Results including special elections
     Democratic gain     Republican gain
     Democratic hold     Republican hold

Majority Leader before election

Alben Barkley
Democratic

Elected Majority Leader

Alben Barkley
Democratic

The United States Senate elections of 1944 coincided with the re-election of Franklin D. Roosevelt to his fourth term as President. The Democrats' large majority remained the same, but they lost one seat to the Republicans in a special election.

Franklin D. Roosevelt 32nd president of the United States

Franklin Delano Roosevelt, often referred to by his initials FDR, was an American statesman and political leader who served as the 32nd president of the United States from 1933 until his death in 1945. A Democrat, he won a record four presidential elections and became a central figure in world events during the first half of the 20th century. Roosevelt directed the federal government during most of the Great Depression, implementing his New Deal domestic agenda in response to the worst economic crisis in U.S. history. As a dominant leader of his party, he built the New Deal Coalition, which realigned American politics into the Fifth Party System and defined American liberalism throughout the middle third of the 20th century. His third and fourth terms were dominated by World War II. Roosevelt is widely considered to be one of the most important figures in American history, as well as among the most influential figures of the 20th century. Though he has also been subject to much criticism, he is generally rated by scholars as one of the three greatest U.S. presidents, along with George Washington and Abraham Lincoln.

President of the United States Head of state and of government of the United States

The President of the United States (POTUS) is the head of state and head of government of the United States of America. The president directs the executive branch of the federal government and is the commander-in-chief of the United States Armed Forces.

Contents

Incumbents defeated

Democrats defeated three Republican incumbents:

  1. Connecticut. John A. Danaher
  2. North Dakota. Gerald P. Nye
  3. Pennsylvania. James J. Davis

Republicans defeated one Democratic incumbent:

  1. Iowa. Guy M. Gillette

Retirements

Republicans took three open seats:

  1. Indiana
  2. Missouri
  3. New Jersey (where a Democrat had been appointed to a Republican vacancy).

Change in Senate composition

Before the elections

At the beginning of 1944.

 D1D2D3D4D5D6D7D8
D18D17D16D15D14D13D12D11D10D9
D19D20D21D22D23D24D25D26D27D28
D38
Ran
D37D36D35D34D33D32D31D30D29
D39
Ran
D40
Ran
D41
Ran
D42
Ran
D43
Ran
D44
Ran
D45
Ran
D46
Ran
D47
Ran
D48
Ran
Majority →D49
Ran
D58
Retired
D57
Retired
D56
Retired
D55
Ran
D54
Ran
D53
Ran
D52
Ran
D51
Ran
D50
Ran
P1R37
Ran
R36
Ran
R35
Ran
R34
Ran
R33
Ran
R32
Ran
R31
Ran
R30
Ran
R29
Ran
R19R20R21R22R23R24R25R26R27
Ran
R28
Ran
R18R17R16R15R14R13R12R11R10R9
R1R2R3R4R5R6R7R8

Result of the general elections

 D1D2D3D4D5D6D7D8
D18D17D16D15D14D13D12D11D10D9
D19D20D21D22D23D24D25D26D27D28
D38
Re-elected
D37D36D35D34D33D32D31D30D29
D39
Re-elected
D40
Re-elected
D41
Re-elected
D42
Re-elected
D43
Re-elected
D44
Re-elected
D45
Re-elected
D46
Re-elected
D47
Re-elected
D48
Re-elected
Majority →D49
Re-elected
D58
Gain
D57
Gain
D56
Gain
D55
Hold
D54
Hold
D53
Hold
D52
Hold
D51
Hold
D50
Re-elected
P1R37
Gain
R36
Gain
R35
Gain
R34
Hold
R33
Re-elected
R32
Re-elected
R31
Re-elected
R30
Re-elected
R29
Re-elected
R19R20R21R22R23R24R25R26R27
Re-elected
R28
Re-elected
R18R17R16R15R14R13R12R11R10R9
R1R2R3R4R5R6R7R8

Result of the special elections

 D1D2D3D4D5D6D7D8
D18D17D16D15D14D13D12D11D10D9
D19D20D21D22D23D24D25D26D27D28
D38D37D36D35D34D33D32D31D30D29
D39D40D41D42D43D44D45D46D47D48
Majority →D49
P1D57D56D55D54D53D52D51D50
R38
Gain
R37
Gain, same as general
R36
Hold
R35
Appointee elected
R34R33R32R31R30R29
R19R20R21R22R23R24R25R26R27R28
R18R17R16R15R14R13R12R11R10R9
R1R2R3R4R5R6R7R8
Key:
D# Democratic
P# Progressive
R# Republican
V#Vacant

Race summaries

Special elections during the 78th Congress

In these special elections, the winner was seated during 1944 or before January 3, 1945; ordered by election date.

StateIncumbentResultsCandidates
SenatorPartyElectoral history
Indiana
Class 3
Samuel D. Jackson Democratic1944 (Appointed)Interim appointee retired.
New senator elected November 7, 1944.
Republican gain.
Winner did not run for the next term, see below.
William E. Jenner (Republican) 52.1%
Henry F. Schricker (Democratic) ?
Massachusetts
Class 2
Sinclair Weeks Republican1944 (Appointed)Interim appointee retired.
New senator elected November 7, 1944.
Republican hold.
Leverett Saltonstall (Republican) 64.3%
John H. Corcoran (Democratic) 34.9%
New Jersey
Class 1
Arthur Walsh Democratic1943 (Appointed)Interim appointee retired.
New senator elected November 7, 1944.
Republican gain.
H. Alexander Smith (Republican) 50.4%
Elmer H. Wene (Democratic) 48.8%
Oregon
Class 2
Guy Cordon Republican1944 (Appointed)Interim appointee elected November 7, 1944.Guy Cordon (Republican) 57.5%
Willis Mahoney (Democratic) 42.5%

Races leading to the 79th Congress

In these general elections, the winners were elected for the term beginning January 3, 1945; ordered by state.

All of the elections involved the Class 3 seats.

StateIncumbentResultsCandidates
SenatorPartyElectoral history
Alabama Lister Hill Democratic1938 (Appointed)
1938 (Special)
1938
Incumbent re-elected.Lister Hill (Democratic) 81.8%
John A. Posey (Republican) 17.0%
Arizona Carl Hayden Democratic 1926
1932
1938
Incumbent re-elected.Carl Hayden (Democratic) 69.4%
Fred W. Fickett (Republican) 30.6%
Arkansas Hattie W. Caraway Democratic1931 (Appointed)
1932 (Special)
1932
1938
Incumbent lost renomination.
New senator elected.
Democratic hold.
J. William Fulbright (Democratic) 85.1%
Victor M. Wade (Republican) 14.9%
California Sheridan Downey Democratic 1938 Incumbent re-elected.Sheridan Downey (Democratic) 52.3%
Frederick F. Houser (Republican) 47.7%
Colorado Eugene D. Millikin Republican1941 (Appointed)
1942
Incumbent re-elected.Eugene D. Millikin (Republican) 56.1%
Barney L. Whatley (Democratic) 43.0%
Connecticut John A. Danaher Republican 1938 Incumbent lost re-election.
New senator elected.
Democratic gain.
Brien McMahon (Democratic) 51.7%
John A. Danaher (Republican) 47.3%
Florida Claude Pepper Democratic 1936 (Special)
1938
Incumbent re-elected.Claude Pepper (Democratic) 71.3%
Miles H. Draper (Republican) 28.7%
Georgia Walter F. George Democratic 1922 (Special)
1926
1932
1938
Incumbent re-elected.Walter F. George (Democratic)
Unopposed
Idaho D. Worth Clark Democratic 1938 Incumbent lost renomination.
New senator elected.
Democratic hold.
Glen H. Taylor (Democratic) 51.1%
C. A. Bottolfsen (Republican) 48.9%
Illinois Scott W. Lucas Democratic 1938 Incumbent re-elected.Scott W. Lucas (Democratic) 52.6%
Richard J. Lyons (Republican) 47.1%
Indiana Samuel D. Jackson Democratic1944 (Appointed)Interim appointee retired.
New senator elected.
Republican gain.
Winner did not run to finish the term, see above.
Homer E. Capehart (Republican) 50.2%
Henry F. Schricker (Democratic) 48.9%
Iowa Guy M. Gillette Democratic 1936 (Special)
1938
Incumbent lost re-election.
New senator elected.
Republican gain.
Bourke B. Hickenlooper (Republican) 51.3%
Guy M. Gillette (Democratic) 48.4%
Kansas Clyde M. Reed Republican 1938 Incumbent re-elected.Clyde M. Reed (Republican) 57.8%
Thurman Hill (Democratic) 40.7%
Kentucky Alben W. Barkley Democratic 1926
1932
1938
Incumbent re-elected.Alben W. Barkley (Democratic) 54.8%
James Park (Republican) 44.9%
Louisiana John H. Overton Democratic 1932
1938
Incumbent re-elected.John H. Overton (Democratic)
Unopposed
Maryland Millard E. Tydings Democratic 1926
1932
1938
Incumbent re-elected.Millard E. Tydings (Democratic) 61.7%
Blanchard Randall, Jr. (Republican) 38.3%
Missouri Bennett Champ Clark Democratic 1932
1933 (Appointed)
1938
Incumbent lost renomination.
New senator elected.
Republican gain.
Forrest C. Donnell (Republican) 50.0%
Roy McKittrick (Democratic) 49.9%
Nevada Patrick A. McCarran Democratic 1932
1938
Incumbent re-elected.Patrick A. McCarran (Democratic) 58.4%
George W. Malone (Republican) 41.6%
New Hampshire Charles W. Tobey Republican 1938 Incumbent re-elected.Charles W. Tobey (Republican) 50.9%
Joseph J. Betley (Democratic) 49.1%
New York Robert F. Wagner Democratic 1926
1932
1938
Incumbent re-elected.Robert F. Wagner (Democratic) 53.1%
Thomas J. Curran (Republican) 46.7%
North Carolina Robert R. Reynolds Democratic 1932
1932 (Special)
1938
Incumbent retired.
New senator elected.
Democratic hold.
Clyde R. Hoey (Democratic) 70.3%
A. I. Ferree (Republican) 29.8%
North Dakota Gerald P. Nye Republican1925 (Appointed)
1926 (Special)
1932
1938
Incumbent lost re-election.
New senator elected.
Democratic gain.
John Moses (Democratic) 45.2%
Gerald P. Nye (Republican) 33.0%
Lynn U. Stambaugh (Independent) 21.2%
Ohio Robert A. Taft Republican 1938 Incumbent re-elected.Robert A. Taft (Republican) 50.3%
William G. Pickrel (Democratic) 49.7%
Oklahoma Elmer Thomas Democratic 1926
1932
1938
Incumbent re-elected.Elmer Thomas (Democratic) 55.7%
William J. Otjen (Republican) 44.0%
Oregon Rufus C. Holman Republican 1938 Incumbent lost renomination.
New senator elected.
Republican hold.
Wayne Morse (Republican) 60.7%
Edgar W. Smith (Democratic) 39.3%
Pennsylvania James J. Davis Republican 1930 (Special)
1932
1938
Incumbent lost re-election.
New senator elected.
Democratic gain.
Francis J. Myers (Democratic) 50.0%
James J. Davis (Republican) 49.4%
South Carolina Ellison D. Smith Democratic 1909
1914
1920
1926
1932
1938
Incumbent lost renomination.
New senator elected.
Democratic hold.
Incumbent died November 17, 1944.
Different senator appointed just to finish the term.
Olin D. Johnston (Democratic) 93.0%
James B. Gaston (Republican) 3.7%
Osceola E. McKaine (Progressive Democratic) 3.2%
South Dakota Chandler Gurney Republican 1938 Incumbent re-elected.Chandler Gurney (Republican) 63.9%
George M. Bradshaw (Democratic) 36.1%
Utah Elbert D. Thomas Democratic 1932
1938
Incumbent re-elected.Elbert D. Thomas (Democratic) 59.9%
Adam S. Bennion (Republican) 40.1%
Vermont George D. Aiken Republican 1940 (Special) Incumbent re-elected.George D. Aiken (Republican) 65.8%
Harry W. Witters (Democratic) 34.2%
Washington Homer Bone Democratic 1932
1938
Incumbent retired to become Judge of the U.S. Court of Appeals.
New senator elected.
Democratic hold.
Incumbent resigned November 13, 1944 and winner was appointed December 14, 1944 to the finish term.
Warren G. Magnuson (Democratic) 55.1%
Harry P. Cain (Republican) 44.4%
Ray C. Roberts (Socialist) 0.2%
Josephine B. Sulston (Prohibition) 0.2%
Wisconsin Alexander Wiley Republican 1938 Incumbent re-elected.Alexander Wiley (Republican) 50.5%
Howard J. McMurray (Democratic) 42.8%
Harry Sauthoff (Progressive) 5.8%

Arizona

United States Senate election in Arizona, 1944 [1]
PartyCandidateVotes%±
Democratic Carl T. Hayden 90,335 69.37%
Republican Fred Wildon Fickett, Jr.39,89130.63%
Majority50,44438.74%
Turnout 130,226
Democratic gain from Republican Swing

Massachusetts

Incumbent U.S. Senator Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr. resigned February 3, 1944 to return to active duty in the U.S. Army during World War II. Republican Sinclair Weeks was appointed February 8, 1944 to continue the term until an election was held. A special election was held on November 7, 1944 with Republican Massachusetts Governor Leverett Saltonstall defeating his challengers. He didn't take office until January 4, 1945, when his term as Governor ended.

World War II 1939–1945 global war

World War II, also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. The vast majority of the world's countries—including all the great powers—eventually formed two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. A state of total war emerged, directly involving more than 100 million people from over 30 countries. The major participants threw their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind the war effort, blurring the distinction between civilian and military resources. World War II was the deadliest conflict in human history, marked by 50 to 85 million fatalities, most of whom were civilians in the Soviet Union and China. It included massacres, the genocide of the Holocaust, strategic bombing, premeditated death from starvation and disease, and the only use of nuclear weapons in war.

Sinclair Weeks American politician

Charles Sinclair Weeks, better known as Sinclair Weeks, served as United States Senator from Massachusetts (1944) and as United States Secretary of Commerce from 1953 until 1958, during President Eisenhower's administration.

Republican Party (United States) Major political party in the United States

The Republican Party, also referred to as the GOP, is one of the two major political parties in the United States; the other is its historic rival, the Democratic Party.

General election
PartyCandidateVotes%±
Republican Leverett Saltonstall 1,228,75464.29%+11.85%
Democratic John H. Corcoran 667,08634.90%-11.71%
Socialist Labor Bernard G. Kelly 12,2960.64%+0.29%
Prohibition E. Tallmadge Root 3,2690.17%-0.09%

New York

The Socialist Labor state convention met on April 2 at the Cornish Arms Hotel, the corner of Eighth Avenue and Twenty-eighth Street, in New York City. They nominated Eric Hass for the U.S. Senate. [2] At that time, the party used the name "Industrial Government Party" on the ballot, but was also referred to as the "Industrial Labor Party".

Socialist Labor Party of America

The Socialist Labor Party (SLP) is the oldest socialist political party in the United States, established in 1876. It is the second oldest socialist party in the world still in existence.

New York City Largest city in the United States

The City of New York, usually called either New York City (NYC) or simply New York (NY), is the most populous city in the United States and in the U.S. state of New York. With an estimated 2017 population of 8,622,698 distributed over a land area of about 302.6 square miles (784 km2), New York is also the most densely populated major city in the United States. Located at the southern tip of the state of New York, the city is the center of the New York metropolitan area, the largest metropolitan area in the world by urban landmass and one of the world's most populous megacities, with an estimated 20,320,876 people in its 2017 Metropolitan Statistical Area and 23,876,155 residents in its Combined Statistical Area. A global power city, New York City has been described as the cultural, financial, and media capital of the world, and exerts a significant impact upon commerce, entertainment, research, technology, education, politics, tourism, art, fashion, and sports. The city's fast pace has inspired the term New York minute. Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy.

The Liberal Party was organized by a state convention with about 1,100 delegates who met on May 19 and 20 at the Roosevelt Hotel in New York City. They endorsed the incumbent Democratic U.S. Senator Robert F. Wagner for re-election. [3] The party filed a petition to nominate candidates which was allowed by Secretary of State Curran on August 25. [4]

The Liberal Party of New York is a minor American political party that has been active only in the state of New York. Its platform supports a standard set of socially liberal policies: it supports the right to abortion, increased spending on education, and universal health care.

The Republican State Committee met on August 8 at Albany, New York. They nominated Secretary of State Thomas J. Curran for the U.S. Senate. [5]

Albany, New York Capital of New York

Albany is the capital of the U.S. state of New York and the seat of Albany County. Albany is located on the west bank of the Hudson River approximately 10 miles (16 km) south of its confluence with the Mohawk River and approximately 135 miles (220 km) north of New York City.

The Democratic State Committee met on August 8 at the National Democratic Club at 233, Madison Avenue in New York City. They re-nominated the incumbent U.S. Senator Robert F. Wagner. [6]

The American Labor state convention met on August 10. They endorsed the Democratic nominee Wagner. [7]

The Democratic/American Labor/Liberal ticket was elected and incumbent Wagner was re-elected.

Democratic Robert F. Wagner 2,485,735
Republican Thomas J. Curran 2,899,497
American Labor Robert F. Wagner 483,785
Liberal Robert F. Wagner 325,056
Industrial Government Eric Hass 15,244

Pennsylvania

General election results [8]
PartyCandidateVotes%±
Democratic Francis J. Myers1,864,62249.99%
Republican James J. Davis (incumbent)1,840,93849.35%
Socialist J. Henry Stump 14,1290.38%
Prohibition Charles Palmer8,5990.23%
Socialist Labor Frank Knotek1,9890.05%

South Carolina

South Carolina U.S. Senate Election, 1944
PartyCandidateVotes%±
Democratic Olin D. Johnston 94,55693.0-5.9
Republican James B. Gaston3,8073.7N/A
Progressive Democratic Osceola E. McKaine3,2143.2+3.2
Republican (Tolbert)B.L. Hendrix1410.1N/A
No party Write-Ins 180.00.0
Majority90,74989.3-8.5
Turnout 101,736
Democratic hold
  65+% won by Johnston

Vermont

United States Senate election in Vermont, 1944 [9]
PartyCandidateVotes%±
Republican George Aiken (inc.) 81,094 61.6%
Democratic Harry W. Witters 42,13634.2%
Total votes123,230100.0%

See also

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1958 New York state election

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1974 New York state election

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1966 New York state election

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1950 New York state election

The 1950 New York state election was held on November 7, 1950, to elect the Governor, the Lieutenant Governor, the State Comptroller, the Attorney General and a U.S. Senator, as well as all members of the New York State Assembly and the New York State Senate.

1938 New York state election

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1934 New York state election

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1944 New York state election

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References

  1. http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=3299
  2. "2 CANDIDATES NAMED BY SOCIALIST LABOR". The New York Times. April 3, 1944. (Subscription required (help)).
  3. "NEW PARTY FIXES 400,000-VOTE GOAL FOR ROOSEVELT". The New York Times. May 21, 1944. (Subscription required (help)).
  4. "LIBERAL PARTY WINS; Curran Overrules Objections by O'Connor to Petitions". The New York Times. August 26, 1944. (Subscription required (help)).
  5. "CURRAN IS NAMED". The New York Times. August 9, 1944. (Subscription required (help)).
  6. "DEMOCRATS NAME WAGNER AND DYE". The New York Times. August 9, 1944. (Subscription required (help)).
  7. "ROOSEVELT NAMED AT ALP CONVENTION; Wagner, Also Renominated". The New York Times. August 11, 1944. (Subscription required (help)).
  8. "Statistics of the Congressional and Presidential Election of November 7, 1944" (PDF). Office of the Clerk of the U.S. House. Retrieved July 8, 2014.
  9. "General Election Results - U.S. Senator - 1914-2014" (PDF). Office of the Vermont Secretary of State. Retrieved June 17, 2015.