Vulpavus

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Vulpavus
Temporal range: 54.9–46.2  Ma
O
S
D
C
P
T
J
K
Pg
N
early to middle Eocene
Vulpavus at AMNH.jpg
Skeleton of Vulpavus ovatus at the American Museum of Natural History
Vulpavus (Phlaodectes) ovatus (coloured).jpg
Life restoration of V. ovatus
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Clade: Pan-Carnivora
Clade: Carnivoramorpha
Clade: Carnivoraformes
Genus: Vulpavus
Marsh, 1871
Type species
Vulpavus palustris
Marsh, 1871
Species
  • V. australis(Matthew & Granger, 1915) [1]
  • V. canavus(Cope, 1881) [2]
  • V. completus(Matthew, 1909) [3]
  • V. farsonensis(Gunnell, 1998) [4]
  • V. palustris(Marsh, 1871) [5]
  • V. profectus(Matthew, 1909)
  • Subgenus: † Phlaodectes (Matthew, 1909)
    • V. ovatus(Matthew, 1909)
Synonyms
synonyms of species:
  • V. australis:
    • Vulpavus asius(Gazin, 1952) [6]
  • V. canavus:
    • Miacis brevirostris(Cope, 1881)
    • Miacis canavus(Cope, 1881)
    • Prodaphaenus canavus(Wortman, 1901) [7]
    • Uintacyon brevirostris(Matthew, 1899) [8]
    • Uintacyon canavus(Matthew, 1899)
  • V. ovatus:
    • Phlaodectes ovatus(Matthew, 1909)

Vulpavus ("ancestor of foxes") is an extinct paraphyletic genus of placental mammals from clade Carnivoraformes, that lived in North America from the early to middle Eocene. [9] [10]

Contents

Phylogeny

The phylogenetic relationships of genus Vulpavus are shown in the following cladogram: [11] [12] [13] [14]

  Carnivoramorpha  
 Viverravidae 

Viverravoidea

 ? 

Carnivoramorpha sp. (UALVP 50993 & UALVP 50994)

 ? 

Ravenictis

 sensu lato 
 ? 

Carnivoramorpha sp. (UALVP 31176)

 ? 

Carnivoramorpha sp. (USNM 538395)

 ? 

"Sinopa" insectivorus

  Carnivoraformes  
 Clade "B" 

Eogale

"Miacis" sp. (CM 67873 & CM 77299)

Gracilocyon igniculus

Gracilocyon winkleri

Gracilocyon solei

Gracilocyon

Gracilocyon sp. (Jibou, Romania)

Gracilocyon rosei

Gracilocyon rundlei

Paramiacis

Paroodectes

  Oodectes jepseni  

  Oodectes  

  Oodectes herpestoides  

  Oodectes proximus  

  Oodectes pugnax  

  Uintacyon hookeri  

  Uintacyon rudis  

  Uintacyon  

  Uintacyon massetericus  

  Uintacyon vorax  

  Uintacyon asodes  

  Uintacyon edax  

  Uintacyon acutus  

  Uintacyon jugulans  

  Uintacyon gingerichi  

Xinyuictis

Zodiocyon

Miocyon

Simamphicyon

 Uintacyon sp. (USGS 1983)  

Messelogale

Quercygalidae

 Clade "C" 

Palaearctonyx

 († Phlaodectes ) 

Vulpavus ovatus

Vulpavus profectus

Vulpavus australis

Vulpavus canavus

Vulpavus completus

Vulpavus

Vulpavus farsonensis

Vulpavus palustris

Vassacyon

Dormaalocyon Dormaalocyon-latouri (white background).jpg

"Miacis" exiguus

"Miacis" deutschi

Africtis

 ? 

Carnivoraformes undet. Genus B

Dawsonicyon

"Miacis" boqinghensis

"Miacis" hookwayi

"Miacis" latidens

"Miacis" petilus

 ? 

Carnivoraformes undet. Genus A

Miacis Miacis restoration.jpg

 Clade "D" 

Lycarion

"Miacis" hargeri

 ? 

Ceruttia

"Miacis" invictus

"Miacis" lushiensis

Neovulpavus

Harpalodon

Procynodictis

Prodaphaenus

 ? 

Walshius

"Miacis" gracilis

Tapocyon

Carnivora(sensu stricto) Dogs, jackals, wolves, and foxes (Plate XI).jpg

Gracilocyon/Oodectes clade
Vulpavus clade
 (Carnivora [sensu lato]) 

See also

Related Research Articles

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Viverravidae</span> Extinct family of carnivorous mammals

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<i>Miacis</i> Extinct genus of carnivores

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Miacoidea</span> Extinct superfamily of carnivores

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Carnivoramorpha</span> Clade of carnivores

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<i>Miocyon</i> Extinct genus of carnivores

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<i>Oodectes</i> Extinct genus of carnivores

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<i>Palaearctonyx</i> Extinct genus of carnivores

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<i>Tapocyon</i> Extinct genus of carnivores

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<i>Uintacyon</i> Extinct genus of carnivores

Uintacyon is an extinct paraphyletic genus of placental mammals from clade Carnivoraformes, that lived in North America from the early to middle Eocene.

<i>Vassacyon</i> Extinct genus of carnivores

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<i>Gracilocyon</i> Extinct genus of carnivores

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<i>Dormaalocyon</i> Extinct genus of carnivores

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<i>Viverravus</i> Extinct genus of mammals

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Metacheiromyidae</span> Extinct family of mammals

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References

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  2. E. D. Cope (1881.) "On the Vertebrata of the Wind River Eocene beds of Wyoming." Bulletin of the United States Geological and Geographical Survey 6(1):183-202
  3. W. D. Matthew (1909.) "The Carnivora and Insectivora of the Bridger Basin, middle Eocene." Memoirs of the American Museum of Natural History 9:289-567
  4. G. F. Gunnell (1998.) "Mammalian Fauna From the Lower Bridger Formation (Bridger A, Early Middle Eocene) of the Southern Green River Basin, Wyoming." Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology, University of Michigan 30(3):83-130
  5. O. C. Marsh (1871.) "Notice of some new fossil mammals and birds from the Tertiary formation of the West." American Journal of Science 2(8):120-127
  6. C. L. Gazin (1952.) "The Lower Eocene Knight Formation Of Western Wyoming and Its Mammalian Faunas." Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 117(18):1-82
  7. J. L. Wortman (1901.) "Studies of Eocene Mammalia in the Marsh Collection, Peabody Museum." The American Journal of Science, series 4 12:193-206
  8. J. L. Wortman and W. D. Matthew (1899.) "A provisional classification of the fresh-water Tertiary of the West." Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 12:19-75
  9. McKenna, Malcolm C.; Bell, Susan K. (1997). Classification of Mammals Above the Species Level. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN   978-0-231-11012-9 . Retrieved 16 March 2015.
  10. J. J. Flynn (1998.) "Early Cenozoic Carnivora ("Miacoidea")." In C. M. Janis, K. M. Scott, and L. L. Jacobs (eds.) "Evolution of Tertiary Mammals of North America. Volume 1: Terrestrial Carnivores, Ungulates, and Ungulatelike Mammals." Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. ISBN   0-521-35519-2
  11. Flynn, John J.; Finarelli, John A.; Spaulding, Michelle (2010). "Phylogeny of the Carnivora and Carnivoramorpha, and the use of the fossil record to enhance understanding of evolutionary transformations". In Goswami, Anjali; Friscia, Anthony (eds.). Carnivoran evolution. New views on phylogeny, form and function. Cambridge University Press. pp.  25–63. doi:10.1017/CBO9781139193436.003. ISBN   9781139193436.
  12. Solé, Floréal; Smith, Richard; Coillot, Tiphaine; de Bast, Eric; Smith, Thierry (2014). "Dental and tarsal anatomy of Miacis latouri and a phylogenetic analysis of the earliest carnivoraforms (Mammalia, Carnivoramorpha)". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 34 (1): 1–21. Bibcode:2014JVPal..34....1S. doi:10.1080/02724634.2013.793195. ISSN   0272-4634. S2CID   86207013.
  13. Solé, Floréal; Smith, Thierry; De Bast, Eric; Codrea, Vlad; Gheerbrant, Emmanuel (2016). "New carnivoraforms from the latest Paleocene of Europe and their bearing on the origin and radiation of Carnivoraformes (Carnivoramorpha, Mammalia)". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 36 (2): e1082480. Bibcode:2016JVPal..36E2480S. doi:10.1080/02724634.2016.1082480. ISSN   0272-4634. S2CID   87537565.
  14. Tomiya, S.; Zack, S. P.; Spaulding, M.; Flynn, J. J. (2021). "Carnivorous mammals from the middle Eocene Washakie Formation, Wyoming, USA, and their diversity trajectory in a post-warming world". Journal of Paleontology. 95 (Supplement S82): 1–115. Bibcode:2021JPal...95S...1T. doi: 10.1017/jpa.2020.74 . hdl: 2433/274918 .