Patriofelis ("father of cats") is an extinctgenus of carnivorous placental mammals from the extinct subfamily Oxyaeninae within the extinct family Oxyaenidae. It was a large cat-like predator which lived in North America during the Bridgerian NALMA (part of the early-middle Eocene, 50.3-46.2 Ma). Fossils have been found in Wyoming, Colorado, and Oregon.[8]
The genus consists of two species: Patriofelis ulta and Patriofelis ferox. P. ultra was the type species of the genus and was most common in the lower Bridger Formation in the Bridger Basin of southwestern Wyoming. Additionally, it has also been found in the Huerfano Formation of Colorado. This species is estimated to have weighed about 30 kilograms (66lb). P. ferox, originally known as Limnofelis, was the larger of the two species, weighing about 30–100 kilograms (66–220lb), and was most commonly found in the Bridger Basin as well, both the lower Bridger and lower Washakie formations. Fossils of this species also occur in the Clarno Formation at John Day Fossil Beds National Monument, Oregon.
Description
Patriofelis could reach around 1.2 to 1.8 metres (3.9 to 5.9ft) long, not including the tail.[9] The type species, Patriofelis ulta, was the smaller species within the genus, weighing at least 30 kilograms (66lb).[8]P. ferox was slightly larger than P. ulta, up to 30–100 kilograms (66–220lb), close to the size of a large jaguar.[10]
Patriofelis had a broad short-snouted skull, short legs with broad plantigrade feet, and a relatively long tail. The teeth were very thick relative to other oxyaenids, similar to hyenas in some regards.[9][8]
Paleobiology
J.L. Wortman (1894, 1902) suggested that Patriofelis may have been a semiaquatic otter-like predator specialized for hunting turtles, while H.F. Osborn (1900) argued that it was an arboreal generalist with cat-like behavior. W.D. Matthew (1909) disagreed with both ideas, as its short limbs and blunt claws would have made it more suited for hunting on the ground.
Two partial skeletons of Patriofelis ulta collected in the 1950s were redescribed by Kort et al. (2022).[8] They found that it had a unique interlocking spinal column which made the backbone very stiff, unlike modern carnivorans and more similar to armadillos and artiodactyls (even-toed ungulates).[8] These interlocking structures (known as revolute zygapophyses) gave its backbone a range of motion similar to that of a sheep. As Patriofelis was an early experiment in large body size among carnivorous mammals, stiffening features would have been an interim strategy in the tradeoffs between torso stabilization and body size.[11]
The neck was muscular and the head was held in a high posture. The limbs, though short, were very robust and flexible. The limb proportions and inflexible spine are completely inconsistent with a semiaquatic or arboreal lifestyle. Instead it was probably a terrestrial ambush predator, adapted to navigate through thick brush and grapple prey with its strong forelimbs.[8] It’s believed the extinction of Patriofelis and oxyaenids was the inability to adapt to drier, open environments in the Late Eocene and Oligocene.[12]
↑ O. C. Marsh. (1872.) "Preliminary description of new Tertiary mammals. Part II." American Journal of Science 4(21):202-224
↑ J. Leidy, (1870.) Untitled [Patriofelis ulta proposed during Proceedings of the March 8 meeting of the Academy of Natural Sciences], in Proceedings Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Volume 22, p. 9-11.
↑ J. Alroy. (2002.) "Synonymies and reidentifications of North American fossil mammals."
↑ J. L. Wortman. (1901.) "Studies of Eocene Mammalia in the Marsh Collection, Peabody Museum." The American Journal of Science, series 4 12:193-206
↑ O. C. Marsh. (1872.) "Note on a new genus of carnivores from the Tertiary of Wyoming." The American Journal of Science and Arts, series 3 4(19-24):406
↑ W. D. Matthew. (1909.) "The Carnivora and Insectivora of the Bridger Basin, middle Eocene." Memoirs of the American Museum of Natural History 9:289-567
↑ R. H. Denison. (1937.) "The broad-skulled Pseudocreodi." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 37:163-257
↑ Morlo, Michael; Gunnell, Gregg F.; Nagel, Doris (2010). "10 - Ecomorphological analysis of carnivore guilds in the Eocene through Miocene of Laurasia". Carnivoran Evolution. Cambridge University Press. pp.269–310. ISBN9781139193436.
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