Sinopa

Last updated

Sinopa
Temporal range: 50.5–39.7  Ma
O
S
D
C
P
T
J
K
Pg
N
Early to Middle Eocene
Sinopa grangeri - National Museum of Natural History - IMG 2008.JPG
Sinopa major skeleton
Sinopa rapax 1.jpg
Sinopa rapax skeleton
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Hyaenodonta
Family: Sinopidae
Genus: Sinopa
Leidy, 1871
Type species
Sinopa rapax
Leidy, 1871
Species
  • S. jilinia(Morlo, 2014) [1]
  • S. lania(Matthew, 1909) [2]
  • S. longipes(Peterson, 1919) [3]
  • S. major(Wortman, 1902) [4]
  • S. minor(Wortman, 1902)
  • S. piercei(Bown, 1982) [5]
  • S. pungens(Cope, 1872) [6]
  • S. rapax(Leidy, 1871) [7]
Synonyms [8]
synonyms of genus:
  • Mimocyon(Peterson, 1919)
  • Proviverroides(Bown, 1982)
  • Stypolophus(Cope, 1872)
  • Triacodon(Marsh, 1871)
synonyms of species:
  • S. longipes:
    • Miacis longipes(Simpson, 1945)
    • Mimocyon longipes(Peterson, 1919)
    • Proviverra longipes(Dawson, 1980)
  • S. major:
    • Proviverra grangeri(Van Valen, 1965) [9]
    • Proviverra major(Gustafson, 1986) [10]
    • Sinopa grangeri(Matthew, 1906)
  • S. minor:
    • Proviverra minor(Van Valen, 1965)
  • S. piercei:
    • Proviverroides piercei(Bown, 1982)
  • S. pungens:
    • Proviverra pungens(Van Valen, 1965)
    • Stypolophus pungens(Cope, 1872)
  • S. rapax:
    • Proviverra rapax(Van Valen, 1965)
    • Sinopa aculeatus(Cope, 1871) [11]
    • Stypolophus aculeatus(Cope, 1872)
    • Stypolophus rapax
    • Triacodon aculeatus(Cope, 1872)
    • Triacodon fallax(Marsh, 1872)

Sinopa ("swift fox") [12] is an extinct genus of placental mammals from extinct family Sinopidae within extinct order Hyaenodonta, that lived in North America and Asia from the early to middle Eocene. [13] [14]

Contents

Description

Sinopa was a small genus of hyaenodontid mammals. Its carnassial teeth were the second upper molar and the lower third. Sinopa species had an estimated weight of 1.33 to 13.97 kilograms. [15] The type specimen was found in the Bridger formation in Uinta County, Wyoming, and existed 50.3 to 46.2 million years ago.

Taxonomy

The putative African species "Sinopa" ethiopica from Egypt was considered a species of Metasinopa by Savage (1965), although Holroyd (1994) considered it a potential new genus related to Quasiapterodon . [16]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Creodonta</span> Former order of extinct flesh-eating placental mammals

Creodonta is a former order of extinct carnivorous placental mammals that lived from the early Paleocene to the late Miocene epochs in North America, Europe, Asia and Africa. Originally thought to be a single group of animals ancestral to the modern Carnivora, this order is now usually considered a polyphyletic assemblage of two different groups, the oxyaenids and the hyaenodontids, not a natural group. Oxyaenids are first known from the Palaeocene of North America, while hyaenodonts hail from the Palaeocene of Africa.

<i>Uintatherium</i> Extinct genus of mammals

Uintatherium is an extinct genus of herbivorous dinoceratan mammal that lived during the Eocene epoch. Two species are currently recognized: U. anceps from the United States during the Early to Middle Eocene and U. insperatus of Middle to Late Eocene China.

<i>Hyaenodon</i> Extinct genus of mammals

Hyaenodon ("hyena-tooth") is an extinct genus of carnivorous placental mammals from extinct tribe Hyaenodontini within extinct subfamily Hyaenodontinae, that lived in Eurasia and North America from the middle Eocene, throughout the Oligocene, to the early Miocene.

<i>Miacis</i> Extinct genus of carnivores

Miacis is an extinct genus of placental mammals from clade Carnivoraformes, that lived in North America from the early to middle Eocene.

<i>Machaeroides</i> Extinct genus of carnivores

Machaeroides ("dagger-like") is an extinct genus of sabre-toothed predatory placental mammals from extinct subfamily Machaeroidinae within extinct family Oxyaenidae, that lived in North America (Wyoming) from the early to middle Eocene.

<i>Vulpavus</i> Extinct genus of carnivores

Vulpavus is an extinct paraphyletic genus of placental mammals from clade Carnivoraformes, that lived in North America from the early to middle Eocene.

<i>Miocyon</i> Extinct genus of carnivores

Miocyon is an extinct genus of placental mammals from clade Carnivoraformes, that lived in North America from the early to late Eocene.

<i>Uintacyon</i> Extinct genus of carnivores

Uintacyon is an extinct paraphyletic genus of placental mammals from clade Carnivoraformes, that lived in North America from the early to middle Eocene.

Xinyuictis is an extinct genus of placental mammals from clade Carnivoraformes, that lived in Asia from the early to late Eocene.

<i>Didymictis</i> Extinct genus of mammals

Didymictis is an extinct genus of placental mammals from extinct subfamily Didymictinae within extinct family Viverravidae, that lived in North America and Europe from the late Paleocene to middle Eocene.

<i>Tritemnodon</i>

Tritemnodon was an extinct genus of placental mammals from extinct order Hyaenodonta, that lived in North America during the early Eocene. Fossils of Tritemnodon agilis have been found in Utah and Wyoming. It was the size of a wolf.

<i>Lesmesodon</i> Extinct genus of mammals

Lesmesodon is an extinct genus of placental mammals from extinct family Proviverridae within extinct superfamily Hyaenodontoidea, that lived during the Early to Middle Eocene. It was found in France and in the Messel Pit in Germany. Lesmesodon was a weasel-sized carnivorous mammal.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bridger Formation</span>

The Bridger Formation is a geologic formation in southwestern Wyoming. It preserves fossils dating back to the Bridgerian and Uintan stages of the Paleogene Period. The formation was named by American geologist Ferdinand Vandeveer Hayden for Fort Bridger, which had itself been named for mountain man Jim Bridger. The Bridger Wilderness covers much of the Bridger Formation's area.

<i>Galecyon</i> Extinct genus of mammals

Galecyon ("polecat-dog") is an extinct genus of placental mammals from extinct order Hyaenodonta, that lived in Europe and North America during the early Eocene.

<i>Limnocyon</i> Extinct genus of mammals

Limnocyon is an extinct paraphyletic genus of limnocyonid hyaenodonts that lived in North America during the middle Eocene. Fossils of this animal have been found in California, Utah and Wyoming.

<i>Pyrocyon</i> Extinct genus of dog-like animals

Pyrocyon is an extinct genus of small carnivorous placental mammals from extinct order Hyaenodonta, that lived in North America during the early Eocene. Fossils of Pyrocyon have been found in Wyoming and Colorado. Weight of Pyrocyon dioctetus has been estimated at around 2.6 kilograms.

<i>Viverravus</i> Extinct genus of mammals

Viverravus is an extinct genus of placental mammals from extinct subfamily Viverravinae within extinct family Viverravidae, that lived in North America, Europe and Asia from the middle Paleocene to middle Eocene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hyainailouridae</span> Extinct family of mammals

Hyainailouridae ("hyena-cats") is a family of extinct predatory mammals within the superfamily Hyainailouroidea within extinct order Hyaenodonta. Hyaenodontids arose during the middle Eocene and persisted well into the middle Miocene. Fossils of this group have been found in Asia, Africa, North America and Europe.

<i>Protictis</i> Extinct genus of carnivores

Protictis is an extinct paraphyletic genus of placental mammals from extinct subfamily Didymictinae within extinct family Viverravidae, that lived in North America from early Paleocene to middle Eocene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sinopidae</span> Extinct family of mammals

Sinopidae is an extinct family of predatory placental mammals from extinct order Hyaenodonta. Fossil remains of these mammals are known from early to middle Eocene deposits in North America, Europe and Asia.

References

  1. M. Morlo, K. Bastl, W. Wu and S. F. K. Schaal (2014.) "The first species of Sinopa (Hyaenodontida, Mammalia) from outside of North America: implications for the history of the genus in the Eocene of Asia and North America." Palaeontology 57(1):111-125
  2. W. D. Matthew (1909.) "The Carnivora and Insectivora of the Bridger Basin, middle Eocene." Memoirs of the American Museum of Natural History 9:289-567
  3. O. A. Peterson (1919.) "Report Upon the Material Discovered in the Upper Eocene of the Uinta Basin by Earl Douglas in the Years 1908-1909, and by O. A. Peterson in 1912." Annals of Carnegie Museum 12(2):40-168
  4. J. L. Wortman (1902.) "Studies of Eocene Mammalia in the Marsh Collection, Peabody Museum." The American Journal of Science, series 4 14(79):17-23
  5. T. M. Bown (1982.) "Geology, Paleontology, and Correlation of Eocene Volcaniclastic Rocks, Southeast Absaroka Range, Hot Springs County, Wyoming." United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 1201-A:A1-A75
  6. E. D. Cope (1872.) "Second account of new Vertebrata from the Bridger Eocene." Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society (separate) 1-3
  7. J. Leidy (1871) "Remarks on fossil vertebrates from Wyoming." Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 23(2):228-229
  8. J. Alroy (2002.) "Synonymies and reidentifications of North American fossil mammals."
  9. L. Van Valen (1965.) "Some European Proviverrini (Mammalia, Deltatheridia)." Palaeontology 8(4):638-665
  10. E. P. Gustafson (1986.) "Carnivorous mammals of the Late Eocene and Early Oligocene of Trans-Pecos Texas." Texas Memorial Museum Bulletin 33:1-66
  11. E. D. Cope (1871.) "Descriptions of some new Vertebrata from the Bridger Group of the Eocene." Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 12:460-465
  12. Floréal Solé; Jocelyn Falconnet; Laurent Yves (2014). "New proviverrines (Hyaenodontida) from the early Eocene of Europe; phylogeny and ecological evolution of the Proviverrinae". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 171 (4): 878–917. doi: 10.1111/zoj.12155 .
  13. "Sinopa". The Paleobiology Database. Retrieved 3 May 2011.
  14. Tomiya, S.; Zack, S. P.; Spaulding, M.; Flynn, J. J. (2021). "Carnivorous mammals from the middle Eocene Washakie Formation, Wyoming, USA, and their diversity trajectory in a post-warming world". Journal of Paleontology. 95 (Supplement S82): 1–115. Bibcode:2021JPal...95S...1T. doi: 10.1017/jpa.2020.74 . hdl: 2433/274918 .
  15. Egi, Naoko (2001). "Body mass estimates in extinct mammals from limb bone dimensions: the case of North American hyaenodontids" (PDF). Palaeontology. 44 (3): 497–528. Bibcode:2001Palgy..44..497E. doi:10.1111/1475-4983.00189. S2CID   128832577. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2022-04-13. Retrieved 2021-03-19.
  16. Lewis, M. E., Morlo, M. (2010): Creodonta. – In : Werdelin, L., Sanders, W. (eds), Cenozoic Mammals of Africa. University of California Press, Berkeley, pp. 543–560. https://doi.org/10.1525/california/9780520257214.003.0026

Commons-logo.svg Media related to Sinopa at Wikimedia Commons