"The Rockpile" | |
Location in the United States Location in New York | |
Former names | Roesch Memorial Stadium (1937) Grover Cleveland Stadium (1937–1938) Civic Stadium (1938–1960) |
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Address | 285 Dodge Street |
Location | Buffalo, New York, U.S. |
Coordinates | 42°54′18″N78°51′22″W / 42.905°N 78.856°W |
Elevation | 650 ft (200 m) AMSL |
Owner | City of Buffalo |
Operator | City of Buffalo |
Capacity | 46,206 (1965–1989) 36,500 (1937–1964) |
Record attendance | 50,988 Bennett vs. Kensington, October 21, 1948 |
Field size | Left field: 330 ft (101 m) Left-center: 362 ft (110 m) Center field: 420 ft (128 m) Right-center: 333 ft (101 m) Right field: 310 ft (94 m) Backstop: 50 ft (15 m) |
Surface | Natural grass |
Construction | |
Broke ground | 1935 |
Opened | October 16, 1937 |
Renovated | 1960 |
Expanded | 1965 |
Closed | May 5, 1989 |
Demolished | 1989 |
Construction cost | $3 million ($63.6 million in 2023 dollars [1] ) |
Tenants | |
Canisius Golden Griffins (NCAA) 1937–1949, 1978–1988 Buffalo Indians-Tigers (AFL) 1940–1941 Buffalo Bills (AAFC) 1946–1949 Buffalo Bulls (NCAA) 1946–1954 Buffalo Bills (AFL/NFL) 1960–1972 Buffalo Bisons (IL) 1961–1970 Buffalo White Eagles (ECPSL) 1962 Buffalo Blazers (NSL) 1976–1980 Buffalo Bisons (EL/AA) 1979–1987 Canisius Golden Griffins (NCAA) 1979–1989 |
War Memorial Stadium, colloquially known as The Rockpile, was an outdoor football, baseball and soccer stadium in Buffalo, New York. Opened in 1937 as Roesch Memorial Stadium, the venue was later known as Grover Cleveland Stadium and Civic Stadium. The stadium was home to the Canisius Golden Griffins (NCAA), Buffalo Indians-Tigers (AFL), Buffalo Bills (AAFC), Buffalo Bulls (NCAA), Buffalo Bills (AFL/NFL), Buffalo Bisons (IL), Buffalo White Eagles (ECPSL), Buffalo Blazers (NSL), Buffalo Bisons (EL/AA) and Canisius Golden Griffins (NCAA). It also had a race track and hosted several NASCAR events. The venue was demolished in 1989 and replaced with the Johnnie B. Wiley Amateur Athletic Sports Pavilion, which retains entrances from the original stadium.
Roesch Memorial Stadium was built on the East Side of Buffalo for $3 million as a Works Progress Administration project in 1937. It was built on a large, rectangular block that had once housed the Prospect Reservoir. [2]
The 36,500-seat venue was primarily used for college football when it opened on October 16, 1937, with the Tulane Green Wave defeating the Colgate Raiders 7–6 in the inaugural game. [3] The venue's name was changed to Grover Cleveland Stadium in 1937 and then to Civic Stadium in 1938. [4] The Buffalo Indians-Tigers became the venue's first professional football team in 1940.
A quarter mile cinder oval race track was added to the interior perimeter of the venue in 1940 for auto racing. Both midget car racing and stock car racing were popular at the venue, attracting NASCAR events in 1956 and 1958. Due to the small size of the track, drivers were forced to leave the venue to make pit stops at nearby Masten Armory. Fans were also forbidden from sitting in the first five rows of the venue for safety reasons. [5]
Buffalo was awarded an expansion franchise by the Continental League of Major League Baseball in January 1960, and made plans to play at the venue beginning with the 1961 season. However, the league folded before the season began. [6] The Buffalo Bisons remained in the International League and began play at the newly renamed War Memorial Stadium in 1961, as their previous home of Offermann Stadium had already been slated for demolition.
The venue's race track was removed in 1960 so that the stadium could accommodate both baseball and football for the Buffalo Bisons and Buffalo Bills. The stadium's baseball diamond had an unorthodox southeast alignment (home plate to center field). [7] The east-west alignment of the football field was also unorthodox, running along the third base line.
The stadium was expanded to hold 46,306 fans in 1965.
The venue was poorly maintained, lending to its nickname of "The Rockpile". Brock Yates of Sports Illustrated jokingly wrote in 1969 that the stadium, "looks as if whatever war it was a memorial to had been fought within its confines." [8]
While the Buffalo Bills were popular and regularly filled the venue, the Buffalo Bisons struggled to attract crowds. The Bisons moved mid-season in 1970 and became the Winnipeg Whips. [9]
The stadium was deemed unsuitable for National Football League play after the AFL–NFL merger, as it sat fewer than the combined league's 50,000 seat requirement for venues and was unable to be expanded. Rich Stadium was constructed for the Bills in suburban Orchard Park, where the team moved after the 1972 season.
The venue sat vacant until 1976 when the Buffalo Blazers of the National Soccer League began play. [10] A new Buffalo Bisons franchise was founded in 1979 that returned baseball to the venue. That same year, Canisius College signed a 10-year agreement to use the venue for its college events.
The Natural was filmed at the venue in 1983. [11] [12]
The Bisons moved to newly constructed Pilot Field following the 1987 season. [13] The final event at the venue saw the Akron Zips defeat the Canisius Golden Griffins 11–2 on May 6, 1989. [14] Canisius moved its football and baseball teams to the newly built Demske Sports Complex.
War Memorial Stadium was demolished in 1989 and replaced with the Johnnie B. Wiley Amateur Athletic Sports Pavilion, a high school athletic field. Built in 1992 for $6.8 million, the complex incorporates the original entrances from War Memorial Stadium. [15] It was previously home to the Buffalo Gladiators, an amateur football team.
The original flag pole from center field at War Memorial Stadium was preserved and installed at Pilot Field in July 1990, where it stands to this day. [16]
A preseason neutral site Canadian Football League game between the Hamilton Tiger-Cats and the Toronto Argonauts took place at the venue on August 11, 1951. Hamilton defeated Toronto by a score of 17–11.
The venue was host to the Coaches All-America Game from 1961 to 1965. Originally called the Graduation Bowl in its inaugural year, the game was an exhibition between the best college seniors in America who were turning professional.
The stadium hosted three postseason American Football League games:
The stadium hosted two Major League Baseball exhibitions:
A touring Old-Timers' Game staged Buffalo's Grand Old Game at the venue on June 23, 1984. The American League All-Stars defeated the National League All-Stars 6–1. [19]
The stadium hosted two NASCAR events:
The 1984 film The Natural was filmed at War Memorial Stadium, with it representing the home ballpark of the fictional New York Knights. [21]
The Miami Orange Bowl was an outdoor athletic stadium in Miami, Florida, from 1937 until 2008. The stadium was located in the Little Havana neighborhood west of downtown Miami. The venue was considered a landmark and served as the home stadium for the Miami Hurricanes college football team from 1937 through 2007 and for the Miami Dolphins for the Dolphins' first 21 seasons, until Joe Robbie Stadium opened in nearby Miami Gardens in 1987. The stadium also was the temporary home for the FIU Golden Panthers for one year, in 2007, while its on-campus FIU Stadium underwent expansion.
The Buffalo Bisons are a Minor League Baseball team of the International League and the Triple-A affiliate of the Toronto Blue Jays. Located in Buffalo, New York, the team plays their home games at Sahlen Field, the highest-capacity Triple-A ballpark in the United States.
Sahlen Field is a baseball park in Buffalo, New York, United States. Originally known as Pilot Field, the venue has since been named Downtown Ballpark, North AmeriCare Park, Dunn Tire Park, and Coca-Cola Field. Home to the Buffalo Bisons of the International League, it opened on April 14, 1988, and can seat up to 16,600 people, making it the highest-capacity Triple-A ballpark in the United States. It replaced the Bisons' former home, War Memorial Stadium, where the team played from 1979 to 1987.
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(help)Events and tenants | ||
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Preceded by Canisius Stadium | Home of the Canisius Golden Griffins 1937 – 1949 1978 – 1988 | Succeeded by |
Preceded by Inaugural | Home of the Buffalo Indians-Tigers 1940 – 1941 | Succeeded by – |
Preceded by Inaugural | Home of the Buffalo Bills 1946 – 1949 | Succeeded by – |
Preceded by | Home of the Buffalo Bulls 1946 – 1954 | Succeeded by |
Preceded by Inaugural | Home of the Buffalo Bills 1960 – 1972 | Succeeded by |
Preceded by Inaugural | Host of the Coaches All-America Game 1961 – 1965 | Succeeded by |
Preceded by | Home of the Buffalo Bisons 1961 – 1970 | Succeeded by – |
Preceded by Inaugural | Home of the Buffalo White Eagles 1962 | Succeeded by – |
Preceded by Inaugural | Home of the Buffalo Blazers 1976 – 1980 | Succeeded by – |
Preceded by Inaugural | Home of the Buffalo Bisons 1979 – 1987 | Succeeded by |
Preceded by | Home of the Canisius Golden Griffins 1979 – 1989 | Succeeded by |