The Windsor Beauties are a set of portrait paintings, still in the Royal Collection, by Sir Peter Lely and his workshop, produced in the early to mid-1660s, that depict ladies of the court of King Charles II, some of whom were his mistresses. [1] [2] The name stems from the original location of the collection, which was at Windsor Castle. In 2024, they were on display at Hampton Court Palace.
A set of copies was commissioned by Robert Spencer, 2nd Earl of Sunderland, in the 17th century for his collection at Althorp House, and the complete set can still be viewed there in the Picture Gallery, a room he created to show off his adoration for art. [3]
The Royal Collection includes 10 portraits as part of the set. They show the women at three-quarter length in various poses. Some women wear current fashions; others are draped in loose robes intended to evoke classical antiquity.
Originally commissioned by Anne Hyde, Duchess of York, the first mention of the paintings is by Samuel Pepys, describing them in his diary as being hung in "the Duke of York's room" in 1668. [4] A 1674 inventory lists them as in the ducal rooms at St. James Palace; [5] and by 1688 they had moved to the "Princess's dressing room" at Windsor Castle. Moved to the castle's state rooms during the 18th century, the Windsor Beauties were transferred to Hampton Court at some time prior to 1835. [4]
The original set of "Beauties" painted by Lely include, depending on the source, these 12 portraits:
The portraits for the first 10 names are included at the Royal Collection website as "probably commissioned by Anne Hyde, Duchess of York."
The Duchess of York does not figure in the above list often; but since she was largely responsible for the collection, and choosing the sitters, she was also painted as part of the series. Possibly a little flattery from Lely was responsible for this.
Elizabeth Hamilton, Countess of Orkney was an English courtier from the Villiers family and the reputed mistress of William III, King of England and Scotland, from 1680 until 1695. She was a lady-in-waiting to his wife and co-monarch, Queen Mary II.
Frances Teresa Stewart, Duchess of Richmond and Lennox was a prominent member of the Court of the Restoration and famous for refusing to become a mistress of Charles II of England. For her great beauty she was known as La Belle Stuart and served as the model for an idealised, female Britannia. She is one of the Windsor Beauties painted by Sir Peter Lely.
John Spencer, 1st Earl Spencer was a British peer and politician.
Diana Beauclerk, Duchess of St Albans, born Lady Diana de Vere, was a British courtier. She was Mistress of the Robes to Caroline, Princess of Wales from 1714 to 1717. She was one of the Hampton Court Beauties of Mary II of England.
Lady of the Bedchamber is the title of a lady-in-waiting holding the official position of personal attendant on a British queen regnant or queen consort. The position is traditionally held by the wife of a peer. A lady of the bedchamber would give instructions to the women of the bedchamber on what their queen wished them to do, or may carry out those duties herself.
Emilia Butler, Countess of Ossory, born Æmilia van Nassau-Beverweerd, was an Anglo-Dutch courtier.
Sir Peter Lely was a painter of Dutch origin whose career was nearly all spent in England, where he became the dominant portrait painter to the court. He became a naturalised British subject and was knighted in 1679.
Charles Berkeley, 1st Earl of Falmouth was an English nobleman and naval officer who was the son of Charles Berkeley (1599–1668) and his wife Penelope née Godolphin, of the Bruton branch of the Berkeley family.
Henrietta Hyde, Countess of Rochester was an Anglo-Irish noblewoman. She was one of the Windsor Beauties painted by Sir Peter Lely.
Anne Douglas, Countess of Morton, born Anne Villiers, was an English noblewoman, famed for her beauty, bravery and loyalty to the throne. The first half of the 17th-century closet drama Cicilia and Clorinda was dedicated to her.
Frances Myddleton, Lady Myddleton née Whitmore (1666–1695) was a British courtier. Frances was one of the Hampton Court Beauties painted by Sir Godfrey Kneller for Queen Mary II. She was styled Dame Frances Myddelton.
Henrietta Louisa Fermor, Countess of Pomfret, was an English letter writer.
Elizabeth Percy, Countess of Northumberland, was a British courtier. She was one of the Windsor Beauties, painted by Sir Peter Lely.
Mary Sackville, Countess of Falmouth and Dorset was a British courtier and mistress of King Charles II. The King rewarded her with grants of land, including Somerset House, in the Strand, and a state pension.
Frances Evelyn "Fanny" Boscawen was an English literary hostess, correspondent and member of the Blue Stockings Society. She was born Frances Evelyn Glanville on 23 July 1719 at St Clere, Kemsing, Kent. In 1742 she married Admiral The Hon. Edward Boscawen (1711–1761). When his navy work took him away from home, his wife would send him passages from her journal, some of which were later published.
Anne Mee, née Foldsone (1765–1851) was a prolific English miniature painter of the late 18th and early 19th centuries.
Jane Myddelton or Middleton, was a reputed English beauty of the Restoration period, one of the Windsor Beauties. Thomas Seccombe in the Dictionary of National Biography described celebrated portraits as "representing a soft and slightly torpid type of blonde loveliness, with voluptuous figure, full lips, auburn hair, and dark hazel eyes".
Henrietta Paulet, Duchess of Bolton, was the third wife of Charles Paulet, 2nd Duke of Bolton.
Margaret, Lady Denham, formerly the Honourable Margaret Brooke, was an English courtier during the reign of King Charles II of England and was one of the "Windsor Beauties" painted by Sir Peter Lely. She was a mistress of the future King James II of England.