Twickenham Stadium

Not to be confused with Twickenham Stoop.

Twickenham Stadium
Allianz Stadium, Twickenham

Billy Williams' Cabbage Patch [1] The Cabbage Patch Twickers Headquarters HQ
Aerial view of Twickenham Stadium
Location	200 Whitton Road, Twickenham, London, TW2 7BA [2]
Coordinates	51°27′21″N0°20′29″W / 51.45583°N 0.34139°W / 51.45583; -0.34139
Public transit	Twickenham
Owner	Rugby Football Union
Executive suites	150
Capacity	82,000 (rugby) [3] 75,000 (American football)
Field size	125 m × 70 m
Surface	Desso GrassMaster
Construction
Built	1907;117 years ago (1907)
Opened	2 October 1909;115 years ago (1909-10-02)
Architect	John Bradley
Tenants
England national rugby union team Harlequins (2008–present; selected matches) Bath Rugby (2017–2019, selected matches)
Website
allianzstadiumtwickenham.com

Twickenham Stadium (officially known as the Allianz Stadium, Twickenham for sponsorship reasons) in Twickenham, in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames, England, is a rugby union stadium owned by the Rugby Football Union (RFU), English rugby union governing body, which has its headquarters there. The stadium is England's national rugby union stadium and is the venue of the England national rugby union team home matches.

It is the world's largest rugby union stadium, the second largest stadium in the United Kingdom, behind Wembley Stadium, and the Third largest in Europe.

The Middlesex Sevens, Premiership Rugby fixtures, Anglo-Welsh Cup matches, Harlequins annual Big Game, the Varsity Match between Oxford and Cambridge universities and European Rugby Champions Cup games have been played at Twickenham Stadium. It has also been used as the venue for the Rugby Football League's Challenge Cup Final in 2001 and 2006, and the NFL London Games in 2016 and 2017.

Twickenham Stadium has hosted concerts by Rihanna, Iron Maiden, Bryan Adams, Bon Jovi, Genesis, U2, Beyoncé, the Rolling Stones, the Police, Eagles, R.E.M., Eminem, Lady Gaga, Metallica, Depeche Mode and NSPPD Prayer Conference.

On 5 August 2024, it was announced that Twickenham Stadium would be renamed Allianz Stadium, Twickenham as part of a long-term investment plan by the insurance company Allianz. ^[4]

Overview

Twickenham is often referred to as "the Home of Rugby". ^[5] The stadium, owned and operated by the RFU, hosts rugby union fixtures all year round. It is the home of the English rugby union team, who play nearly all their home games at the stadium. Twickenham hosts England's home Six Nations matches, as well as games against touring teams from the Southern Hemisphere, usually annually in November.

Apart from its relationship with the national team, Twickenham is the venue for a number of other domestic and international rugby union matches. It hosts the annual London leg of the World Rugby Sevens Series, the Cup (championship) final, the third-place match of the annual London leg of the World Rugby Women's Sevens Series, and the domestic Middlesex Sevens competition. It is also the venue for the Premiership Rugby final as well as Harlequins' Big Game at Christmas time and an additional annual fixture hosted by Harlequins in late spring. ^[6] Anglo-Welsh Cup, Heineken Cup and Champions Cup finals have been held here, and the stadium also hosts The Varsity Match between Oxford and Cambridge (1921–2023), the English schools' Daily Mail Cup Final and the Army Navy Match, which forms the culmination of the annual Inter-Services Competition.

Regular events

Event	Approximate dates
England rugby union team home games of Six Nations Championship	February and March
One England women's rugby union team home games of Women's Six Nations Championship	March and April
Harlequin's Big Summer Kick-off	Early May
Army Navy Match	Mid May
Premiership Rugby Final	Late May or June
England rugby union team home games of the Autumn internationals	October and November
Harlequin's Big Game	Late December

History

Sold-out Tests against New Zealand and South Africa at Crystal Palace saw the RFU realise the benefit of owning their own ground. Committee member William Williams and treasurer William Cail ^[7] led the way to purchasing a 10.25 acre (4 hectare) market garden in Twickenham in 1907 for £5,500 12s 6d. The first stands were constructed the following year. Before the ground was purchased, it was used to grow, among other vegetables, cabbages, and so Twickenham Stadium is affectionately known as the Cabbage Patch. After further expenditure on roads, the first game, between Harlequins v. Richmond, was played on 2 October 1909, and the first international, England v. Wales, on 15 January 1910. At the time of the England-Wales game, the stadium had a maximum capacity of 20,000 spectators. During World War I, the ground was used for cattle, horse and sheep grazing. King George V unveiled a war memorial in 1921.

Starting an Attack, painting of the England v Wales rugby union match at Twickenham in 1931

In 1926, the first Middlesex Sevens took place at the ground. In 1927 the first Varsity Match took place at Twickenham for the first time. On 19 March 1938, BBC Television broadcast the England –Scotland (Calcutta Cup) match from Twickenham, the first time that a rugby match was shown live on television. ^[8] In 1959, to mark 50 years of the ground, a combined side of England and Wales beat Ireland and Scotland by 26 points to 17.

Coming into the last match of the 1988 season, England had lost 15 of their previous 23 matches in the Five Nations Championship. The Twickenham crowd had only seen one England try in the previous two years, and at half-time the team were 0–3 down against Ireland. During the second half, England started playing an expansive game many had doubted they were capable of producing. A 0–3 deficit was turned into a 35–3 win, with England scoring six tries. This day also saw the origins of the adoption of the traditional spiritual "Swing Low, Sweet Chariot" as a terrace song. Three of England's tries in the match were scored by Chris Oti, a black player who had made a reputation for himself that season as speedy left winger. A group of boys from the Benedictine school Douai, following a tradition at their school games, sang "Swing Low, Sweet Chariot" whenever a try was scored. When Oti scored his second try, amused spectators standing close to the boys joined in, and when Oti scored his hat-trick the song was heard around the ground. ^{[9] [10]} Since then "Swing Low, Sweet Chariot" has been a song to sing at England home games, ^[11] in the same way that Fields of Athenry is sung in Dublin and Cwm Rhondda is sung in Cardiff.

The United Kingdom, Ireland and France shared the hosting of the 1991 Rugby World Cup. Twickenham was used during pool A England matches. Twickenham was also host of the 1991 Rugby World Cup Final in which Australia beat England 12–6. For this game, England changed their style of play, opting for the sort of running game that had brought them victory against Ireland in the March 1988 game referred to above. During this match, with the English facing a 12–3 deficit, David Campese reached one-handed for a ball thrown to England winger, Rory Underwood. He dropped it and the ball rolled forward, gifting England a penalty that proved to be the last score of the game. Some have claimed that Campese's action should have been interpreted as a deliberate professional foul, with possible disciplinary action against the Australian player. However, on the same ground in November 1988, Campese had intercepted a similar pass and run the length of the field to score a try. ^[12]

The interior of Twickenham Stadium in 2012

Some of the Welsh-hosted 1999 Rugby World Cup games were taken to Twickenham. These included three of England's pool B matches, the second round playoff when England defeated Fiji 45 points to 24, and both semi-finals, none of which England were involved in, having made their exit in the quarter-finals at the hands of South Africa. Under the reign of Clive Woodward, the stadium became known as 'Fortress Twickenham', as England enjoyed a run of 19 unbeaten home matches from October 1999, ending with defeat against Ireland in 2004. The IRB Rugby Aid Match was played on 5 March 2005 under the auspices of the International Rugby Board (IRB) to raise money for the United Nations World Food Programme to support its work helping victims of the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami. The match was between representative sides of the Northern and Southern hemispheres, with the Southern side winning 54–19.

In May 2023 during the 2023 Premiership Rugby Final between Sale Sharks and Saracens a group of Just Stop Oil protesters came onto the pitch and started to vandalise the surface. Some of the players helped security staff to remove the protestors, who were later arrested. ^[13]

On 5 August 2024, Twickenham Stadium announced that the Stadium will be renamed to the Allianz Stadium, Twickenham from September, due to a sponsorship agreement with the Allianz Company. ^[14]

Redevelopment

The South Stand before redevelopment, April 2004

The South Stand during redevelopment

The South Stand after redevelopment, April 2008

Since the ground's purchase by the RFU in 1907, it has gone through a number of redevelopments. In 1921, a stand was built above the northern terrace, with workshops placed underneath. In 1927, the East Stand was extended, bringing the capacity to 12,000. The south terrace was later extended to enable crowds of 20,000. In 1932, a new West Stand was completed, providing offices for the RFU, who made the ground their home. In 1937, Middlesex County Council approved a scheme submitted by Twickenham Borough Council to widen Rugby Road due to it being inadequate for traffic.

In 1965, the South Terrace was closed due to structural failings. It was found to be cheaper to build a new stand than to repair the existing one; however, planning permission was refused, due to objections from local residents. Permission was eventually granted in 1978. A period of extensive rebuilding took place during the early 1980s, which continued through to the mid-1990s. In 1981, the South Terrace was rebuilt as the South Stand. After being taken down in 1989, an extended North Stand was opened in 1990. Following the 1992 Five Nations, the stadium saw the development of the new East Stand and subsequently the West Stand. In 1995, the stadium redevelopment was completed, the ground now accommodating 75,000 people in an all-seater environment. The North, East and West stands were all built by Mowlem. ^[15] Planning permission was sought in 2002 and received in December 2004 for a new South Stand to further raise capacity, with building work commencing in June 2005. As well as increasing the stadium's capacity to 82,000, the redevelopment introduced a four-star Marriott hotel with 156 rooms and six VIP suites with views over the field, a performing arts complex, a health and leisure club, a new rugby shop and a general increase in function space. In July 2005, the old south stand was demolished to make way for the new development. The festivities that were planned to mark this were cancelled in the wake of the 7 July terror attacks in the centre of London. The new seating, which had been started by Mowlem, was completed by Carillion on 5 November 2006 in time for the England vs New Zealand game of that year's autumn internationals series, in which England lost in a near-record defeat. ^[15]

The East Stand redevelopment completed in 2018.

The rugby stadium continued to be developed into 2018 with the upgrading of the east stand. The new stand offers match-day hospitality as well as six floors of event spacing. ^[16] The east stand was over budget due to additional safety measures put in place to make the redeveloped structure capable of withstanding a bomb attack, and to make it fireproof, with work carried out on the cladding in response to the Grenfell Tower fire. Following the upgrade, the roof is now complete. ^{[17] [18]}

Rugby World Cup

Twickenham Stadium has hosted Rugby World Cup Matches in 1991, 1999 and 2015, including the finals in 1991 and 2015 when England were the host nation. The Stadium also hosted semi-finals in 1999, including France's famous 43–31 victory over New Zealand. In August 2023, the stadium was confirmed as one of eight host venues for the 2025 Women's Rugby World Cup. ^[19]

1991 Rugby World Cup

Stage of Tournament	Team 1	Score	Team 2
Pool A	England	12–18	New Zealand
Pool A	England	36–6	Italy
Pool A	England	37–9	United States of America
Final	England	6–12	Australia

1999 Rugby World Cup

Stage of Tournament	Team 1	Score	Team 2
Pool B	England	67–7	Italy
Pool B	England	16–30	New Zealand
Pool B	England	101–10	Tonga
Quarter Final Play Off	England	45–24	Fiji
Semi Final	Australia	27–21	South Africa
Semi Final	France	43–31	New Zealand

2015 Rugby World Cup

Stage of Tournament	Team 1	Score	Team 2
Pool A	England	35–11	Fiji
Pool A	England	25–28	Wales
Pool A	England	13–33	Australia
Pool A	Australia	15–6	Wales
Pool D	France	32–10	Italy
Quarter Final	South Africa	23–19	Wales
Quarter Final	Australia	35–34	Scotland
Semi Final	South Africa	18–20	New Zealand
Semi Final	Argentina	15–29	Australia
Final	New Zealand	34–17	Australia

2025 Women's Rugby World Cup

The stadium will be one of eight host venues for the 2025 Women's Rugby World Cup and will host the final of the competition on the 27 September 2025. ^[19]

2025 Women's Rugby World Cup matches held at Twickenham Stadium

Date	Country	Score	Country	Stage of Tournament	Attendance	Ref
27 September 2025	TBC	vs	TBC	Bronze final
27 September 2025	TBC	vs	TBC	Final

Other uses

Concerts

An Iron Maiden concert in 2008

Due to the construction delays of Wembley, a number of scheduled events at Wembley were moved to Twickenham. The Rolling Stones' A Bigger Bang Tour concerts were taken to Twickenham. ^[20] The Stones also played two shows at Twickenham in August and September 2003, the first of which was used as their stadium concert disc for the 2003 DVD Four Flicks. During 2007 Genesis played at Twickenham during their reunion tour. The Police played at the stadium in September 2007 and Rod Stewart in June. The usual capacity for concerts is anything up to 50,000, as opposed to the 82,000 for rugby. ^[21]

R.E.M. performed at Twickenham in August 2008, while New Jersey rockers Bon Jovi played two gigs at the stadium in June 2008 as part of their Lost Highway Tour, and Iron Maiden played there as part of their Somewhere Back in Time World Tour on 5 July 2008, along with a full supporting bill which included Avenged Sevenfold, Within Temptation and Lauren Harris.

Lady Gaga performed two sold-out shows at the stadium during her Born This Way Ball Tour on the 8 and 9 September 2012 with 101,250 people attending for both shows. The first date broke a record for The Fastest Selling-out Stadium Show in UK history when the 50,625 tickets for the first show sold out in 50 seconds.

Rihanna performed two shows at the stadium during her Diamonds World Tour on 15 and 16 June 2013 for 95,971 people for both nights.

Since the mid-1950s it has also hosted the Jehovah's Witnesses annual convention for the London area. Usually up to 25,000 attend to hear Bible talks.

Date	Performer(s)	Opening act(s)	Tour/Event	Attendance	Notes
24 August 2003	The Rolling Stones		Licks Tour
20 September 2003
18 June 2005	U2	Doves, Idlewild, Athlete, Ash	Vertigo Tour	110,796
19 June 2005
17 June 2006	Eagles		Farewell 1 Tour
20 August 2006	The Rolling Stones	Feeder	A Bigger Bang	100,540
22 August 2006		The Charlatans
30 June 2007	Rod Stewart		Greatest Hits
8 July 2007	Genesis		Turn It On Again: The Tour	54,279
27 June 2008	Bon Jovi	Biffy Clyro	Lost Highway Tour	92,852
28 June 2008		The Feeling
5 July 2008	Iron Maiden	Avenged Sevenfold, Within Temptation, Lauren Harris	Somewhere Back in Time World Tour	55,000
30 August 2008	R.E.M.		Accelerate Tour
8 September 2007	The Police	Maxïmo Park, Fiction Plane	The Police Reunion Tour	104,417
9 September 2007
12 September 2010	Various Artists		Help For Heroes Concert
8 September 2012	Lady Gaga	The Darkness, Lady Starlight	Born This Way Ball	101,250
9 September 2012
1 June 2013	Various Artists		Sound of Change Live	45,060
15 June 2013	Rihanna	David Guetta, GTA	Diamonds World Tour	95,971
16 June 2013
8 July 2017	U2	Noel Gallagher's High Flying Birds	The Joshua Tree Tour 2017	108,894
9 July 2017
19 June 2018	The Rolling Stones	James Bay	No Filter Tour	55,000
14 July 2018	Eminem	2 Chainz, Royce 5'9" & Boogie	Revival Tour
15 July 2018		Prophets of Rage, Royce 5'9" & Boogie
20 June 2019	Metallica	Ghost Bokassa	WorldWired Tour	51,819
17 June 2023	Depeche Mode	Young Fathers	Memento Mori World Tour	52,662
10 August 2024	Pst Jerry Eze		NSPPD UK Prayer Conference	82,000

American football

Main article: NFL International Series

It was announced on 3 November 2015 that the RFU and America's National Football League had agreed a three-year deal to host at least three NFL London Games. The deal began in October 2016 and gave the opportunity to host an additional two games over the three-year period of the deal. ^[22]

On 23 October 2016, the Los Angeles Rams hosted the New York Giants at Twickenham Stadium. This was the second of three London Games in 2016, with the others being played at Wembley. ^[23] The game was televised live in the UK on BBC Two.

The final two games of the agreement were played in 2017, with matchups announced on 13 December 2016. ^[24]

List of NFL London Games at Twickenham Stadium
Year	Date	UK Broadcaster	Designated Home	Score	Designated Away	Attendance
2016	23 October	BBC [25]	Los Angeles Rams	10–17	New York Giants	74,121
2017	22 October	Sky Sports	Los Angeles Rams	33–0	Arizona Cardinals	73,736 [26]
	29 October	BBC	Cleveland Browns	16–33	Minnesota Vikings	74,237

Rugby league

Teams walking out at Twickenham Stadium for the 2006 Challenge Cup Final

Twickenham Stadium was selected as a host venue for the 2000 Rugby League World Cup The stadium hosted the opening match between co-hosts England and Ashes rivals Australia. The game, which was the first ever rugby league match at Twickenham, saw Australia claim a 22–2 victory.

During the reconstruction of Wembley Stadium, Twickenham was one of three venues which hosted the Challenge Cup Final in the year away from Wembley. The 2001 Challenge Cup Final saw St Helens beat Bradford Bulls 13–6. St Helens were victorious again in 2006 beating Huddersfield Giants 42–12.

Car rugby

The TV motoring show Top Gear used the pitch for a match of "car rugby". The game was 5-side and used smaller Kia Ceeds as backs and larger Kia Sportages as forwards. Jeremy Clarkson's team beat James May's team 17–14. This was played prior to the pitch being resurfaced. ^[27]

World Rugby Museum

Twickenham Stadium (centre) and Stoop Stadium (top right) from the north in August 2015

The World Rugby Museum is a museum located in Twickenham Stadium. The museum covers the whole of the global game, not just English rugby union. It tells the history of the sport, including William Webb Ellis and Richard Lindon, using interactive display techniques. The museum has a rolling programme of special exhibitions which cover topical issues and offer an opportunity to display some of the obscurer items in the collection. Some unique displays include an English rugby union jersey from the first ever rugby union international in 1871 between England and Scotland, and (until 2005) the William Webb Ellis Cup which was obtained by England at the 2003 Rugby World Cup. Twickenham Stadium Tours are also available through the Museum and run four times per day (Tuesday to Saturday) and twice on Sundays. It is usually open every day of the week except for Mondays and on match days, when a special-priced entry is available for match ticket holders only.

See also

• Twickenham Streaker (disambiguation)
• Sport in London
• Rugby union in England
• List of rugby union stadiums by capacity
• Lists of stadiums

References

1. "The Rugby ground : The Twickenham Museum". twickenham-museum.org.uk. Archived from the original on 22 June 2011. Retrieved 15 April 2010.
2. "Rugby Football Union – Contact us". England Rugby . Retrieved 23 January 2020.
3. "Twickenham Stadium". England Rugby . Retrieved 7 January 2014.
4. "Allianz pledges long-term commitment to rugby through a multi-year partnership with the Rugby Football Union". twickenham. 5 August 2024. Retrieved 7 August 2024.
5. "Home of Rugby to host cycling charity challenge". RFU press office. 8 September 2006. Archived from the original on 2 February 2007.
6. Harlequins RFC website - https://www.quins.co.uk/big-game
7. "Cail, William". 20thcenturylondon.org.uk. Renaissance London. Archived from the original on 4 November 2013. Retrieved 24 January 2020.
8. "TELEVISION – Monday, March 14 to Saturday, March 19" (PDF). Radio Times . 11 March 1938. Retrieved 21 February 2016.
9. The Observer (5 February 2006). "Blood, mud and aftershave". The Guardian . O is for Oti
10. "The story behind "Swing Low Sweet Chariot" and how it became a rugby anthem". everyhit.com. Retrieved 8 October 2007.
11. Geoghegan, Tom (19 October 2007). "All you need to know about rugby: Rugby songs and jokes". BBC News Magazine .
12. "1991: Wallabies pip England". BBC Sport . 24 September 2003. Retrieved 19 August 2006.
13. Badshah, Nadeem (27 May 2023). "Just Stop Oil protesters invade pitch and stop play at Twickenham rugby final". The Guardian.
14. "Twickenham: Home of England rugby to be renamed in sponsorship deal". BBC Sport. 5 August 2024. Retrieved 5 August 2024.
15. "Steel conversion for Twickenham". New Steel Construction. 1 September 2006. Retrieved 20 January 2018.
16. "TWICKENHAM PREPARES TO UNVEIL NEW EAST STAND TO THE INDUSTRY". twickenhamstadium.com. 16 November 2018. Retrieved 16 November 2018.
17. "TWICKENHAM REDEVELOPMENT FACING COST INCREASES". 28 February 2018. Retrieved 28 February 2018.
18. "New East Stand at Twickenham Stadium opens: A look at six floors of hospitality". 9 November 2018. Retrieved 9 November 2018.
19. "Rugby World Cup 2025: Eight host venues named for tournament in England". BBC Sport. 21 August 2023. Retrieved 22 August 2023.
20. "Stadium delay hits Wembley gigs". BBC. 31 March 2006. Retrieved 24 September 2006.
21. "RFU apply for two additional concerts at Twickenham Stadium in 2007". The Twickenham Rugby Stadium. Archived from the original on 25 June 2008. Retrieved 21 March 2007.
22. "NFL action at Twickenham". England Rugby . Archived from the original on 7 November 2015.
23. "NFL Announces 2016 International Series Games in London". NFL UK. National Football League. Archived from the original on 26 November 2015.
24. "2017 London games: NFL announces which teams will be playing". NFL.com . NFL . Retrieved 13 December 2016.
25. "New York Giants vs Los Angeles Rams 10/23/16". NFL. National Football League. Retrieved 16 April 2016.
26. Doyle, Tom (22 October 2017). "NFL London 2017: Los Angeles Rams crush Arizona Cardinals 33–0". Evening Standard . Retrieved 22 October 2017.
27. "Six Nations 2013: Top Gear team play car rugby". BBC Sport. BBC. Retrieved 18 February 2013.

Further reading

• Harris, Ed, (2005). Twickenham: The History of the Cathedral of Rugby, Sports Books, ( ISBN   1899807292 )
• Spragg, Iain, (2010). Twickenham – 100 Years of Rugby's HQ, Vision Sports Publishing, ( ISBN   9781905326761 )

External links

• Official website

Preceded by Eden Park Auckland	Rugby World Cup Final Venue 1991	Succeeded by Ellis Park Johannesburg
Preceded by Lansdowne Road Dublin	Heineken Cup Final Venue 1999–00	Succeeded by Parc des Princes Paris
Preceded by Lansdowne Road Dublin	Heineken Cup Final Venue 2003–04	Succeeded by Murrayfield Edinburgh
Preceded by Millennium Stadium Cardiff	Heineken Cup Final Venue 2006–07	Succeeded by Millennium Stadium Cardiff
Preceded by Millennium Stadium Cardiff	Heineken Cup Final Venue 2011–12	Succeeded by Aviva Stadium Dublin
Preceded by Millennium Stadium Cardiff	European Rugby Champions Cup Final Venue 2014–15	Succeeded by Parc Olympique Lyonnais Lyon
Preceded by Eden Park Auckland	Rugby World Cup Final Venue 2015	Succeeded by International Stadium Yokohama Yokohama