Empower Field at Mile High

For the original stadium, see Mile High Stadium.

Empower Field at Mile High

Exterior view of the stadium in 2022
Former names	Invesco Field (2001–2011) Sports Authority Field (2011–2018) Broncos Stadium (2018–2019)
Address	1701 Mile High Stadium Circle Denver, Colorado
Location	Sun Valley
Coordinates	39°44′38″N105°1′12″W / 39.74389°N 105.02000°W / 39.74389; -105.02000
Public transit	RTD:   E    W   at Empower Field at Mile High
Owner	Metropolitan Football Stadium District
Executive suites	132
Capacity	76,125 (football) 85,000+ (concerts)
Record attendance	85,233 (August 19, 2023; Ed Sheeran, +–=÷× Tour)
Surface	Kentucky Bluegrass [1] (2015–present) Artificial Turf [1] (2001–2015)
Construction
Broke ground	August 17, 1999
Opened	August 11, 2001
Construction cost	$400.9million ($733 million in 2023 dollars) [2]
Architect	HNTB Fentress Architects Bertram A. Burton and Associates
Project manager	ICON Venue Group [3]
Structural engineer	Walter P Moore [4]
Services engineer	M-E Engineers, Inc. [5]
General contractor	Turner Empire Alvarado [4]
Tenants
Denver Broncos (NFL) (2001–present) Colorado Rapids (MLS) (2002–2006) Denver Outlaws (MLL) (2006–2019)
Website
empowerfieldatmilehigh.com

Empower Field at Mile High (previously known as Broncos Stadium at Mile High, Invesco Field at Mile High, and Sports Authority Field at Mile High, and commonly known as Mile High, New Mile High, or Mile High Stadium) is an American football stadium in Denver, Colorado, United States. Its primary tenant is the Denver Broncos of the National Football League (NFL). It opened in 2001 to replace the Broncos' original home, the old Mile High Stadium. The venue was previously home of the Denver Outlaws lacrosse team and the Colorado Rapids soccer team. It has also played host to countless concerts and served as the venue for Barack Obama's acceptance of the Democratic presidential nomination at the 2008 Democratic National Convention.

The stadium is nicknamed Mile High due to not only its predecessor, but due to the city's elevation of 1 mile or 5,280 feet (1,610 m) above sea level. ^[6] Given the difficulty of competing at altitude, as well as the notoriously loud fans, the Broncos are known to have one of the best home field advantages in the NFL. ^[7]

On March 24, 2022, a fire broke out that damaged some suites and many seats on the third level. The fire was caused by sparks from a welding torch. ^[8]

Financing

Legislative effort

The Broncos' pursuit of the new stadium included a lobbying effort that included 13 lawyers and tens of thousands of dollars. This effort was directed at the passing of SB 171 which put Referendum 4A on the November 1998 ballot. SB 171 was sponsored by Representative Doug Dean (R) from Colorado Springs. Members of the state legislature claimed that this was one of the largest lobbying efforts they had seen. ^[9]

In November 1998, Denver voters passed referendum 4A which was in favor of the construction of a new football stadium to replace the existing Mile High Stadium. The referendum was included on the ballots of six Colorado counties that comprise the Denver Metropolitan area. ^[10] The referendum called for the extension of a tenth of a percent sales tax on transactions within the Metro area to go towards the cost of issuing a $224.9 million bond. ^[11] This tax was originally established in 1990 when the Colorado Rockies sought public financing for Coors Field. ^[12] Financing and construction for the stadium was monitored by the Metropolitan Football Stadium District (MFSD). The MFSD is a subdivision of the State of Colorado that, "was created for the purpose of planning, acquiring land and constructing a professional football stadium". The MFSD is also responsible for implementing the MFSD tax. ^[13] The extension of the original stadium tax came into effect on January 1, 2001. ^[12]

The funding deal between the Broncos and the State of Colorado called for the team to pay 25% of the estimated cost of $400 million while the state would pay the other 75% of the cost. Part of the agreement stipulated that the MFSD would collect half of the 10 year, $120 million naming rights deal with Invesco Funds Group. Upon Sports Authority’s bankruptcy, the Broncos agreed to pay the MFSD $3.6 million to assume ownership of the naming rights of the stadium. ^[11]

Corporate partners

Naming rights

Invesco paid $120 million for the original naming rights in 2001, before Sports Authority secured them in August 2011. ^[14]

Despite its sponsor's liquidation and closure in 2016, the Sports Authority name remained on the stadium for two years afterwards because of regulatory hurdles. The Broncos announced on January 2, 2018 that the stadium's exterior signage would be removed. ^[15] The stadium took on a temporary name, Broncos Stadium at Mile High, for the remainder of 2018 - including the 2018 NFL season - and part of 2019 before a new corporate naming rights agreement with Colorado-based Empower was announced on September 4, 2019. ^[16]

Concessions

Concessions are currently run by Aramark Corporation. Aramark took over concession at the beginning of the 2019 season as Empower Retirement assumed the naming rights. As part of their offerings, Aramark has partnered with several Denver restaurants to provide a more robust selection of food options. The new partners include Frank Bonanno, a Denver restaurateur known for his many popular restaurants around downtown Denver. ^[17]

Improvements

On December 21, 2012, the Broncos announced a $30 million renovation project prior to the start of the 2013 season, including a new HD LED video board on the stadium's south end zone that tripled the size of the video board used in the early 2000s. ^[18]

In 2013, it was revealed that a Neil Smith Kansas City Chiefs jersey was buried somewhere near the 50-yard line by a couple of out-of-state contractors during renovations, despite Smith's play on the Broncos' Super Bowl XXXII and XXXIII-winning teams. The curse the contractors hoped to create did not occur as the Broncos won another Super Bowl two years later, Super Bowl 50. ^[19]

In an effort to be selected as a host city for the 2026 FIFA World Cup, the MFSD invested $8.3 million on stadium improvements to satisfy FIFA's requirements. Included in the improvements are the addition of LED lights as well as locker room and seating upgrades. ^[20]

On December 14, 2022 the Broncos announced more than $100 million in upgrades to the stadium that would be completed during the off season and in time for the 2023 season. Upgrades include expanding the video board and an all-inclusive hospitality club on field level. ^[21] In August 2023, the Broncos debuted the improvements, including the new scoreboard, measuring 225 feet (69 m) wide by 72 feet (22 m) tall, making it the fifth largest screen in any NFL stadium. ^[22]

Controversies

Naming rights

During construction of the new stadium, Denver mayor, Wellington Webb opposed the sale of the stadium's naming rights. At this time, the potential partners were AT&T, Janus Capital, and Invesco Funds Group. A group called Friends of Mile High created a poll asking whether fans preferred the old name or would be fine with a corporate sponsor. The poll found that 70% of respondents preferred to keep the name as Mile High despite a potential loss of $89 million in revenue for the state. ^[23]

Many fans opposed a corporate name and wished to retain the previous venue's name, "Mile High Stadium." ^[24] The Denver Post initially refused to use the Invesco label and referred to it as Mile High Stadium for several years before changing its policy and adding Invesco to articles.

On August 16, 2011, the Metropolitan Stadium District announced Invesco would immediately transfer the naming rights to Englewood-based Sports Authority in a 25-year agreement worth $6 million per year. ^[14] In August 2016, the Denver Broncos paid $3,601,890 to the Metropolitan Football Stadium District to purchase the naming rights to the stadium. ^[25] As the naming rights change began to occur, the MFSD sought permission to install larger signs on the newly named stadium. Residents of the neighborhood sought to block the installation of new signs in an effort to keep light pollution down. Neighborhood complaints included concerns about light pollution as well as the aesthetic value of the Sports Authority sign that the MFSD hoped to install on the stadium. ^[26]

In 2016, several Colorado legislators attempted to pass a bill in the Colorado State Legislature that would require the "Mile High" moniker regardless of any naming rights deal, citing the large public contribution to the stadium's construction; ^[27] the bill failed to pass out of a Senate Committee in May 2016. ^[28]

A comparison of the actual loss and the budgeted loss for the Metropolitan Football Stadium District for the years 2014 to 2018.

Many citizens of the surrounding neighborhoods have expressed discontent with the impact of the stadium on their environment. Residents have complained about the increased traffic on game days, frequent public urination by intoxicated fans. ^[12]

Financing

A 2016 study by the Brookings Institution has found that the federal government lost out on significant tax revenue in their deal with the Broncos to pay for the stadium. The study of 36 professional football stadiums found that the tax exempt municipal bonds caused $49 million in lost tax revenue for the federal government. Additionally, the income tax break that bond holders could claim cost the government an additional $5 million. ^[29]

Usage

Playing surface for a Denver Broncos game

The stadium is used primarily for American football games. It is the home field for Denver's National Football League team, the Denver Broncos. The stadium previously hosted one of the city's Major League Lacrosse teams, the Denver Outlaws. In college football, it has hosted the rivalry game between the Colorado State University Rams and the University of Colorado Boulder Buffaloes. It is also used for the CHSAA class 4A and 5A Colorado high school football state championship games, and has been used for the CBA Marching Band Finals.

In addition, it has been used for a Drum Corps International (DCI) Championship in 2004 and the annual Drums Along the Rockies competition. It is also used for concerts, music festivals and other events, and was home to the city's Major League Soccer franchise, the Colorado Rapids, before that team built and moved into Dick's Sporting Goods Park in suburban Commerce City.

On June 23, 2018, England played New Zealand in a rugby league match at the stadium. ^[30] England won the match 36-18.

Location

The construction of the stadium marked the completion of a six-year sporting venue upgrade program in Denver, including the construction of Coors Field and of Pepsi Center. As with the other venues, the stadium was constructed to be easily accessible. It sits along Interstate 25 near the Colfax Avenue and 17th Avenue exits. It is also bordered by Federal Boulevard, a major Denver thoroughfare, on the west side. A dedicated light rail station also serves the stadium. The stadium is located in the Sun Valley neighborhood.

Stadium culture and traditions

A home game tradition (carried over from the original Mile High Stadium) is the "Incomplete Chant." At Broncos home games, when the opposing team throws an incomplete pass, the stadium announcer will state "Pass thrown by [the opposing quarterback] intended for [the opposing intended receiver] is..." at which time the fans complete the sentence by shouting "IN-COM-PLETE!!". ^[31] The Broncos filed to register a trademark for the chant in 2020. ^[32] In a tradition carried over from Mile High Stadium, the stadium's public-address announcer will give the final official attendance for the game, including the number of unused tickets; in response, Broncos fans "boo" the no-shows. During the stadium's first years, in another tradition that was carried over from Mile High, Broncos fans on one side of the stadium would chant "Go" and fans on the other side would respond "Broncos," back and forth chanting for several minutes. That tradition has since died out. Another long-term tradition is famed rowdiness of fans seated in the "South Stands," although this tradition has diminished significantly as well. Finally, especially in the upper two decks, the fans create their own 'Mile High Thunder' (and warm themselves) by stamping their feet on the stadium's floors. The old Mile High Stadium was built with bare metal, and the 'Thunder' reverberated readily. The new stadium was built with steel floors to preserve this unique acoustic feature. ^[33]

The stadium also continued the tradition of displaying Bucky the Bronco, a 30-foot (9.1 m) high replica of Roy Rogers horse, Trigger, on top of the main scoreboard. ^[34]

The stadium has sold out every Denver Broncos' home game since its inception in 2001, extending the "sold-out" streak that began during the team's tenure at Mile High Stadium, where every home game had been sold out since 1970 (though due to NFL policy, local TV broadcasts of sold-out games did not start until 1973).

Notable events

NFL events

Interior view during the 2013 AFC Championship game

On September 10, 2001, the stadium hosted its first regular season NFL game, in which the Broncos defeated the New York Giants 31–20. In a pre-game ceremony, Broncos legends John Elway, Steve Atwater, Randy Gradishar, Haven Moses, Billy Thompson, Floyd Little, Dennis Smith, and Karl Mecklenburg helped to "Move the Thunder" from the old Mile High Stadium to the new home of the Broncos.^{[ citation needed ]} As this inaugural game happened to fall on the day before 9/11, it has been referenced by survivor Pasquale Buzzelli in an interview with Joe Budden.

The stadium has hosted several NFL playoff games. It hosted the 2005 AFC Divisional playoff game, in which Denver defeated the New England Patriots 27–13. The following week, it hosted the AFC Championship Game, which the Broncos lost to the Pittsburgh Steelers, 34–17. On January 8, 2012, the stadium hosted its third NFL playoff game, an AFC Wild Card playoff game against the Steelers. The Broncos won in overtime, 29–23. On January 12, 2013, the stadium hosted its fourth NFL playoff game, an AFC Divisional playoff game against the Baltimore Ravens. The Broncos lost to the Ravens 38–35 in double overtime.^{[ citation needed ]}

On October 29, 2007, a record crowd of 77,160 watched the Broncos lose to the Green Bay Packers 19–13 on Monday Night Football on the first play from scrimmage in overtime. ^[35]

On November 26, 2009, it hosted its first Thanksgiving game, when the Broncos took on the Giants. The game was televised on NFL Network, which the Broncos won by a final score of 26–6. ^[36]

On January 19, 2014, the Broncos defeated the Patriots in the AFC Championship Game, 26–16 in front of 77,110 fans in attendance, advancing to their first Super Bowl since they began play in the new stadium.

On January 17, 2016, the Broncos defeated the Steelers in the AFC Divisional playoffs, 23–16 in front of 77,100, advancing to the AFC Championship Game for the 10th time in franchise history.

On January 24, 2016, the Broncos defeated the Patriots in the AFC Championship Game, 20–18 in front of 77,100, advancing to Super Bowl 50, which they won two weeks later.

Soccer

On July 26, 2014, Sports Authority Field at Mile High hosted a soccer match between Manchester United and A.S. Roma which was part of the 2014 International Champions Cup and Manchester United won the match 3-2. ^[37]

Date	Winning Team	Result	Losing Team	Tournament	Spectators
April 3, 2002	United States	1–0	Mexico	International Friendly	48,476
June 1, 2011	Mexico	3–0	New Zealand		45,401
July 14, 2013	Panama	0–0	Canada	2013 CONCACAF Gold Cup	30,000
	Mexico	3–1	Martinique
July 26, 2014	Manchester United	3–2	A.S. Roma	2014 International Champions Cup	54,116
July 13, 2017	El Salvador	2–0	Curaçao	2017 CONCACAF Gold Cup	49,121
	Mexico	0–0	Jamaica
June 19, 2019	Martinique	3–0	Cuba	2019 CONCACAF Gold Cup	52,874
	Mexico	3–1	Canada
June 3, 2021	United States	1–0	Honduras	2021 CONCACAF Nations League Finals	34,451
	Mexico	0–0 (5–4) pen.)	Costa Rica
June 6, 2021	Honduras	2–2 (5–4) pen.)	Costa Rica	2021 CONCACAF Nations League Finals	37,648
	United States	3–2 ( a.e.t. )	Mexico	2021 CONCACAF Nations League Final
June 5, 2024	Mexico	–	Uruguay	International Friendly

Rugby league

The stadium hosted an international rugby league match between New Zealand and England on June 23, 2018. ^[38]

Date	Winning Team	Score	Losing Team	Competition	Attendance
June 23, 2018	England	36–18	New Zealand	International Friendly	19,320

Concerts

The stadium has held several concerts.

Date	Artist	Opening act(s)	Tour / Concert name	Attendance	Revenue	Notes
August 11, 2001	Eagles	—	An Evening With the Eagles	54,217 / 54,217	$4,837,465	The first concert at the stadium. [39]
August 1, 2003	Metallica	Limp Bizkit Linkin Park Deftones Mudvayne	Summer Sanitarium Tour	—	—
September 25, 2003	Bruce Springsteen & The E Street Band	—	The Rising Tour	35,679 / 37,500	$2,442,072
May 21, 2011	U2	The Fray	U2 360° Tour	77,918 / 77,918	$6,663,410	The show was originally to be held on June 12, 2010, but was postponed due to Bono's emergency back surgery.
July 21, 2012	Kenny Chesney Tim McGraw	Grace Potter and the Nocturnals Jake Owen	Brothers of the Sun Tour	50,020 / 50,020	$4,401,805
July 20, 2013	Kenny Chesney Eric Church	Eli Young Band Kacey Musgraves	No Shoes Nation Tour	47,895 / 49,103	$3,349,330
June 6, 2015	Luke Bryan	Florida Georgia Line Randy Houser Thomas Rhett Dustin Lynch DJ Rock	Kick the Dust Up Tour	50,539 / 50,539	$3,642,005
August 8, 2015	Kenny Chesney Jason Aldean	Brantley Gilbert Cole Swindell Old Dominion	The Big Revival Tour Burn It Down Tour	54,674 / 54,674	$5,279,591
June 7, 2017	Metallica	Avenged Sevenfold Volbeat	WorldWired Tour	51,955 / 57,027	$6,299,803
August 2, 2017	Guns N' Roses	Sturgill Simpson	Not in This Lifetime... Tour	41,445 / 44,806	$3,846,068
May 25, 2018	Taylor Swift	Camila Cabello Charli XCX	Taylor Swift's Reputation Stadium Tour	57,140 / 57,140	$7,926,366	Swift became the first ever female artist to have a concert at the stadium.
June 30, 2018	Kenny Chesney	Thomas Rhett Old Dominion Brandon Lay	Trip Around The Sun Tour	51,553 / 53,983	$4,442,006
August 4, 2018	Luke Bryan	Sam Hunt Jon Pardi Morgan Wallen	What Makes You Country Tour	51,756 / 60,328	$3,759,849
June 8, 2019	Garth Brooks	Joe Nichols	The Garth Brooks Stadium Tour	84,000 / 84,000	$6,774,510
August 10, 2019	The Rolling Stones	Nathaniel Rateliff & the Night Sweats	No Filter Tour	58,846 / 58,846	$13,494,183	This concert was originally scheduled to take place on May 26, 2019, but was postponed due to Mick Jagger recovering from a heart procedure. [40]
July 23, 2022	Red Hot Chili Peppers	Haim Thundercat	2022 Global Stadium Tour	49,617 / 49,617	$6,748,875	[41]
July 30, 2022	Kenny Chesney	Dan + Shay Old Dominion Carly Pearce	Here and Now Tour			[42]
August 18, 2022	The Weeknd	Kaytranada Mike Dean	After Hours til Dawn Stadium Tour	TBA	TBA	[43] [44]
June 17, 2023	Illenium	Blanke William Black	Trilogy: Colorado	47,000	$3,900,000	Largest EDM headliner event in US history. [45] [46]
June 24, 2023	George Strait	Chris Stapleton Little Big Town		59,663 / 59,663	$16,652,960	2nd highest grossing concert in history as of August 2023. [47]
July 14, 2023	Taylor Swift	MUNA Gracie Abrams	The Eras Tour			First act in history to sell out two shows on a single tour. [48]
July 15, 2023
August 19, 2023	Ed Sheeran	Khalid Cat Burns	+–=÷× Tour	85,233 / 85,233	$8,560,475	Holds record for largest crowd. Also, the show ended just after midnight the next day because of a weather delay.
June 14, 2024	Zach Bryan					[49]
June 15, 2024
June 20, 2024	The Rolling Stones		Hackney Diamonds Tour			[50]
June 27, 2024	Morgan Wallen	Jon Pardi Nate Smith Bryan Martin	One Night At A Time World Tour			[51]
June 28, 2024
July 27, 2024	Kenny Chesney Zac Brown Band	Megan Moroney Uncle Kracker	Sun Goes Down 2024 Tour			[52]
August 3, 2024	Foo Fighters	Pretenders Mammoth WVH	Everything or Nothing at All Tour			[53]

Other notable events

The main entrance of the stadium, when it was known as Invesco Field at Mile High

The south end zone as it looked during the final day of the 2008 Democratic National Convention

Satellite view of stadium

Detailed view of seats colored to form the Denver Broncos logo.

The stadium has hosted other sports events. The first football game held (college, on September 1, 2001; attendance 75,022) was the Rocky Mountain Showdown, when the University of Colorado Buffaloes defeated the Colorado State University Rams 41–14. On July 2, 2005, it hosted the 2005 Major League Lacrosse All-Star Game. In 2006, Major League Lacrosse placed the expansion Outlaws in Denver.

In August 1977, 1978 and 2004, it hosted the Drum Corps International (DCI) World Championships, and every July hosts Drums Along the Rockies, which is a major competition in the annual DCI summer tour. ^{[54] [55]} Drums Along the Rockies is the longest-running event held at any Mile High named stadium, from 1963 through 2019. Although canceled in 2020 due to the COVID Pandemic, the event is expected to return in July 2021.

On August 28, 2008, Democratic presidential nominee Barack Obama accepted the Democratic Party's nomination for President of the United States here, moving the 2008 Democratic National Convention from Ball Arena. Approximately 84,000 people attended Obama's speech, exceeding the normal capacity of the stadium due to the placement of audience on the field. ^{[56] [57] [58]}

On April 13, 2019, the stadium hosted its first AMA Supercross Championship event.

On April 27, 2019, the stadium hosted its first Monster Jam show. On April 23, 2022, it hosted another.

The stadium was a candidate venue for the 2026 FIFA World Cup, however it was not chosen by FIFA as one of the 16 venues to host to the tournament. ^[59]

Denver Broncos Ring of Fame

The Denver Broncos Ring of Fame was created in 1984 by team owner Pat Bowlen to honor former players and administrators who played significant roles in the franchise's history. The names and years of service (and in most cases, jersey numbers) of the men inducted into the ring are displayed on the Level 5 facade of the stadium. There is no specific number of new members that may be chosen for induction in any given year; in many years, no new members were inducted.

	Inducted or Enshrined in the Pro Football Hall of Fame [60]

Denver Broncos Ring of Fame
No.	Name	Position(s)	Seasons	Inducted
23	Goose Gonsoulin	S	1960–66	1984
87	Rich Jackson	DE	1967–72	1984
44	Floyd Little	RB	1967–75	1984
87	Lionel Taylor	WR	1960–66	1984
–	Gerald Phipps	Owner	1961–81	1985
12	Charley Johnson	QB	1972–75	1986
70	Paul Smith	DE	1968–78	1986
18	Frank Tripucka	QB	1960–63	1986
36	Billy Thompson	S	1969–81	1987
7	Craig Morton	QB	1977–82	1988
25	Haven Moses	WR	1972–81	1988
15	Jim Turner	PK	1971–79	1988
53	Randy Gradishar	LB	1974–83	1989
57	Tom Jackson	LB	1973–86	1992
20	Louis Wright	CB	1975–86	1993
7	John Elway	QB General manager	1983–98 2011–2020	1999
77	Karl Mecklenburg	LB	1983–95	2001
49	Dennis Smith	S	1981–94	2001
65	Gary Zimmerman	OT	1993–97	2003
27	Steve Atwater	S	1989–98	2005
30	Terrell Davis	RB	1995–2001	2007
84	Shannon Sharpe	TE	1990–99, 2002–03	2009
80	Rod Smith	WR	1994–2006	2012
66	Tom Nalen	C	1994–2007	2013
21	Gene Mingo	RB, K, RS	1960–64	2014
–	Dan Reeves	Head coach	1981–92	2014
80	Rick Upchurch	WR, RS	1975–83	2014
–	Pat Bowlen	Owner	1984–2019	2015
1	Jason Elam	PK	1993–2007	2016
73	Simon Fletcher	LB/DE	1985–95	2016
47	John Lynch	S	2004–07	2016
—	Red Miller	Head coach	1977–80	2017
24	Champ Bailey	CB	2004–2013	2019
18	Peyton Manning	QB	2012–15	2021

While the Ring of Fame was carried over from the old stadium to the new, the names were re-ordered to separate the inductees who served the team during the pre-Pat Bowlen (the team's owner until 2019 and founder of the Ring) era from those who served during Bowlen's ownership. One of the most noticeable changes was the move of John Elway's name to the center of the ring, located directly between the goalposts of the north end zone. ^[61]

Colorado Sports Hall of Fame Museum

The Colorado Sports Hall of Fame Museum opened in August 2001. It is located at Gate #1 on the west side of the stadium.

2022 fire

A fire broke out on March 24, 2022, destroying several sections of third row seats and fourth-level suites, though no injuries were reported. The fire caused damage to approximately "1000 feet of seating." The cause of the fire was determined to be from a welding torch being used on an expansion joint. ^[8] The fire also forced Empower Field at Mile High staff to reorganize events scheduled to take place at the stadium. ^[62] The damage was said to be a "real challenge" to repair in time for the next Denver Broncos regular season, due to damage to steel risers and difficulties in procuring replacement materials. ^[63]

See also

• Mile High Stadium
• Coors Field
• Ball Arena
• Dick's Sporting Goods Park
• McNichols Arena
• National Sports Center for the Disabled
• Lists of stadiums

References

1. "Broncos Ditching Synthetic Field At Mile High, Using Kentucky Bluegrass Grown In Colorado". February 11, 2015.
2. 1634–1699: McCusker, J. J. (1997). How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States: Addenda et Corrigenda (PDF). American Antiquarian Society. 1700–1799: McCusker, J. J. (1992). How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States (PDF). American Antiquarian Society. 1800–present: Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. "Consumer Price Index (estimate) 1800–" . Retrieved February 29, 2024.
3. "Sports Authority Field at Mile High - CAA ICON". iconvenue.com.
4. "Inside the Construction of Invesco Field at Mile High". SportsBusiness Journal. September 3, 2001. Retrieved September 14, 2011.
5. M-E Engineers, Inc. - Projects Archived May 23, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
6. "Stadium Elevation". Sports Authority Field at Mile High. Archived from the original on April 20, 2019. Retrieved January 9, 2018.
7. "The highest form of home field advantage". Spectrum News. Retrieved January 22, 2023.
8. "Sparks from Welding Torch Blamed for Fire at Stadium". denver.cbslocal.com. March 25, 2022. Retrieved March 25, 2022.
9. "The Denver Post Online: New Broncos Stadium". extras.denverpost.com. Retrieved March 11, 2020.
10. "Voters Approve Stadium Proposals". www.cbsnews.com. November 4, 1998. Retrieved March 9, 2020.
11. "Inside the Construction of Invesco Field at Mile High". www.sportsbusinessdaily.com. September 3, 2001. Retrieved March 9, 2020.
12. Whipple, Kelsey (January 4, 2012). "Sports Authority Field at Mile High tax ends, stadium finally paid off". Westword. Retrieved March 9, 2020.
13. "Metropolitan Football Stadium District". Metropolitan Football Stadium District. Retrieved March 9, 2020.
14. Caldwell, Gray (August 16, 2011). "A New Home". Denver Broncos. Archived from the original on September 8, 2017. Retrieved September 21, 2016.
15. DiLalla, Aric (January 2, 2018). "Broncos to remove Sports Authority signage from stadium in coming weeks". Denver Broncos. Archived from the original on January 9, 2018. Retrieved January 9, 2018.
16. "Broncos agree to terms with Empower Retirement on 21-year deal to name stadium 'Empower Field at Mile High'". www.denverbroncos.com. Retrieved September 4, 2019.
17. Antonation, Mark (September 14, 2019). "New at Mile High: Biker Jim's, Bonanno, GQue...and 505 Chile?". Westword. Retrieved March 18, 2020.
18. Klis, Mike (December 21, 2012). "Broncos, Stadium District to spend $30 million on Mile High improvements". The Denver Post. Retrieved December 21, 2012.
19. "Troy claims a secret lies beneath the 50 yard line... | The Rick Lewis Show | 103.5 The Fox". 103.5 The Fox. Archived from the original on January 1, 2014. Retrieved April 22, 2016.
20. "Denver eyes World Cup as it invests in Mile High stadium upgrades - SportsPro Media". www.sportspromedia.com. March 19, 2019. Retrieved March 18, 2020.
21. "Broncos announce more than $100 million in upgrades to Empower Field at Mile High". www.denverbroncos.com. Retrieved June 19, 2023.
22. "Broncos unveil $100M upgrade to Empower Field at Mile High featuring mammoth scoreboard". The Colorado Sun. August 26, 2023. Archived from the original on August 26, 2023. Retrieved September 22, 2023. The scoreboard is 225 feet wide and 72 feet high, making it the tallest in North America and 70% larger than the old scoreboard. Overall, it's the fifth-largest scoreboard in the NFL.
23. Janofsky, Michael (October 29, 2000). "Denver Journal; What's in a Stadium Name -- Tradition or Money?". The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331 . Retrieved March 11, 2020.
24. Favre, Gregory E. (August 10, 2006). "A Mile High Controversy". Archived from the original on November 27, 2006. Retrieved September 25, 2006.
25. Zellinger, Marhsall (May 31, 2016). "Denver Broncos awarded Mile High Stadium naming rights during Sports Authority bankruptcy case". The Denver Channel. Archived from the original on November 1, 2016. Retrieved March 27, 2018.
26. Whipple, Kelsey (December 21, 2011). "Neighbors of Sports Authority Field at Mile High worry about light pollution". Westword. Retrieved March 9, 2020.
27. Bunch, Joey (August 23, 2016). "Bill would forever preserve "Mile High" in Broncos' stadium name". The Denver Post. Retrieved May 5, 2016.
28. Bunch, Joey (May 5, 2016). "Senate Republicans kill bill to retain "Mile High" in stadium's name". The Denver Post. Retrieved May 5, 2016.
29. "Study shows Broncos' Mile High stadium cost federal taxpayers $54 million". The Denver Post. September 9, 2016. Retrieved March 9, 2020.
30. "New Zealand to face England in international rugby league match in Denver this summer". February 27, 2018. Retrieved October 18, 2019.
31. "Frequently Asked Questions". DenverBroncos.com. NFL Enterprises, LLC. Retrieved May 22, 2023.
32. "Denver Broncos Trademarks - Gerben IP". June 3, 2020.
33. "The New And Improved Mile High". Stadium Journey. December 29, 2019.
34. "11 secrets of Sports Authority Field @ Mile High". KMGH. January 13, 2016. Retrieved October 3, 2019.
35. "Green Bay Packers at Denver Broncos - October 29th, 2007". Football Reference. Retrieved August 19, 2019.
36. "Broncos end four-game skid with win over Giants". The Augusta Chronicle. November 27, 2009. Retrieved August 19, 2019.
37. It included a 60 yard goal by Miralem Pjanic of AS Roma, adding to mile high's reputation as a good place to kick long field goals. United Survive late Roma Surge to gain first ICC Victory Archived July 28, 2014, at the Wayback Machine ICC.com July 26, 2014 Retrieved July 27, 2014
38. Sevits, Kurt (February 27, 2018). "International rugby league match coming to Denver in June".
39. "Amusement Business – Boxscore: Top 10 Concert Grosses". Billboard. Vol. 113, no. 34. New York. August 25, 2001. p. 14. ISSN   0006-2510 . Retrieved October 3, 2011.
40. Kaufman, Gil (May 16, 2019). "Rolling Stones Announce Rescheduled North American Tour Dates". Billboard . Retrieved July 3, 2019.
41. "2022 GLOBAL STADIUM TOUR UPCOMING DATES". redhotchilipeppers.com. Retrieved October 19, 2021.
42. High, Empower Field at Mile. "Kenny Chesney | Empower Field at Mile High". www.empowerfieldatmilehigh.com. Retrieved July 31, 2022.
43. "Tour". The Weeknd's Official Website. Retrieved February 21, 2020.
44. "The Weeknd Announces Lineup of Openers to Replace Doja Cat on Stadium Tour". Complex . Retrieved June 30, 2022.
45. "Instagram".
46. Bain, Katie (March 13, 2024). "Music Helped Saved Illenium's Life — And Now He's Doing the Same For Others". Billboard. Retrieved March 13, 2024.
47. High, Empower Field at Mile. "George Strait, Chris Stapleton and Little Big Town | Empower Field at Mile High". www.empowerfieldatmilehigh.com. Retrieved June 19, 2023.
48. "Taylor Swift adds 2nd Denver show to 'The Eras Tour'". FOX31 Denver. November 11, 2022. Retrieved April 30, 2023.
49. "Zach Bryan Makes Next-Level Leap To Major Arenas, Stadiums On 2024 "The Quittin Time Tour" - Pollstar News". August 28, 2023. Retrieved August 29, 2023.
50. High, Empower Field at Mile. "Rolling Stones | Empower Field at Mile High". www.empowerfieldatmilehigh.com. Retrieved November 21, 2023.
51. High, Empower Field at Mile. "Morgan Wallen | Empower Field at Mile High". www.empowerfieldatmilehigh.com. Retrieved September 26, 2023.
52. "Kenny Chesney Back For Another Summer Of Stadiums On 'Sun Goes Down' Tour - Pollstar News". November 7, 2023. Retrieved November 7, 2023.
53. "Foo Fighters announce U.S. stadium tour, with stop in Denver planned - CBS Colorado". www.cbsnews.com. October 2, 2023. Retrieved October 2, 2023.
54. "Drum Corps International Past Champions and Locations".
55. "Drums Along The Rockies". Ascend Performing Arts. August 13, 2014. Retrieved October 30, 2017.
56. "Obama Accepts Democrat Nomination". BBC News . BBC. August 29, 2008. Retrieved August 29, 2008.
57. Lloyd, Robert (August 29, 2008). "Barack Obama, Al Gore Raise the Roof at Invesco Field". Los Angeles Times . Retrieved August 29, 2008.
58. Wangsness, Lisa (August 29, 2008). "Some Saw Spectacular, Others Just Spectacle". The Boston Globe . Retrieved August 29, 2008.
59. "FIFA unveils stellar line-up of FIFA World Cup 2026 Host Cities". FIFA. June 16, 2022. Retrieved March 7, 2023.
60. "Years - Hall of Famers - Pro Football Hall of Fame Official Site". www.profootballhof.com.
61. Ringo, Kyle. "Kickoff: Birth of a Stadium". Rocky Mountain News . Archived from the original on July 22, 2006. Retrieved November 30, 2006.
62. Powell, Erin (March 29, 2022). "Staff scramble to accommodate stadium events after Mile High fire". 9 News . Retrieved June 19, 2022.
63. Sullivan, Tyler (March 28, 2022). "Broncos say it will be a 'real challenge' to repair fire damage at Mile High Stadium by September opener". CBS Sports. Retrieved June 19, 2022.

External links

• Official website
• Sports Authority Field at Mile High at StadiumDB.com
• Sports Authority Field at Mile High Seating Chart

Events and tenants
Preceded by Mile High Stadium	Home of the Denver Broncos 2001–present	Succeeded by current
Preceded by Mile High Stadium	Home of the Denver Outlaws 2006–2019	Succeeded by Last Venue
Preceded by Mile High Stadium	Home of the Colorado Rapids 2002–2006	Succeeded by Dick's Sporting Goods Park
Preceded by Citrus Bowl	Host of the Drum Corps International World Championship 2004	Succeeded by Gillette Stadium
Preceded by Heinz Field Gillette Stadium Gillette Stadium	Host of AFC Championship Game 2006 2014 2016	Succeeded by RCA Dome Gillette Stadium Gillette Stadium
Preceded by None	CONCACAF Nations League Finals Venue 2021 Empower Field at Mile High	Succeeded by TBD