The TORRO tornado intensity scale is a scale measuring tornado intensity between T0 and T11. It was proposed by Terence Meaden of the Tornado and Storm Research Organisation (TORRO),a meteorological organisation in the United Kingdom,as an extension of the Beaufort scale.
This page documents notable tornadoes and tornado outbreaks worldwide in 2005. Strong and destructive tornadoes form most frequently in the United States,Bangladesh,Argentina,Brazil and Eastern India,but they can occur almost anywhere under the right conditions. Tornadoes also develop occasionally in southern Canada during the Northern Hemisphere's summer and somewhat regularly at other times of the year across Europe,Asia,and Australia. Tornadic events are often accompanied with other forms of severe weather,including strong thunderstorms,strong winds,and hail.
Tornado intensity is the measure of wind speeds and potential risk produced by a tornado. Intensity can be measured by in situ or remote sensing measurements,but since these are impractical for wide-scale use,intensity is usually inferred by proxies,such as damage. The Fujita scale,Enhanced Fujita scale,and the International Fujita scale rate tornadoes by the damage caused. In contrast to other major storms such as hurricanes and typhoons,such classifications are only assigned retroactively. Wind speed alone is not enough to determine the intensity of a tornado. An EF0 tornado may damage trees and peel some shingles off roofs,while an EF5 tornado can rip well-anchored homes off their foundations,leaving them bare—even deforming large skyscrapers. The similar TORRO scale ranges from a T0 for extremely weak tornadoes to T11 for the most powerful known tornadoes. Doppler radar data,photogrammetry,and ground swirl patterns may also be analyzed to determine the intensity and assign a rating.
This page documents notable tornadoes and tornado outbreaks worldwide in 2004. Strong and destructive tornadoes form most frequently in the United States,Bangladesh,and Eastern India,but they can occur almost anywhere under the right conditions. Tornadoes also develop occasionally in southern Canada during the Northern Hemisphere's summer and somewhat regularly at other times of the year across Europe,Asia,and Australia. Tornadic events are often accompanied with other forms of severe weather,including strong thunderstorms,strong winds,and hail.
This page documents notable tornadoes and tornado outbreaks worldwide in 2001. Strong and destructive tornadoes form most frequently in the United States,Bangladesh,and Eastern India,but they can occur almost anywhere under the right conditions. Tornadoes also develop occasionally in southern Canada during the Northern Hemisphere's summer and somewhat regularly at other times of the year across Europe,Asia,and Australia. Tornadic events are often accompanied with other forms of severe weather,including strong thunderstorms,strong winds,and hail.
A violent severe weather outbreak struck the Southeast on April 4–5,1977. A total of 22 tornadoes touched down with the strongest ones occurring in Mississippi,Alabama,and Georgia. The strongest was a catastrophic F5 tornado that struck the northern Birmingham,Alabama,suburbs during the afternoon of Monday,April 4. In addition to this tornado,several other tornadoes were reported from the same system in the Midwest,Alabama,Georgia,Mississippi and North Carolina. One tornado in Floyd County,Georgia,killed one person,and another fatality was reported east of Birmingham in St. Clair County. In the end,the entire outbreak directly caused 24 deaths and 158 injuries. The storm system also caused the crash of Southern Airways Flight 242,which killed 72 and injured 22.
This page documents the tornadoes and tornado outbreaks of 1998,primarily in the United States. Most tornadoes form in the U.S.,although some events may take place internationally. Tornado statistics for older years like this often appear significantly lower than modern years due to fewer reports or confirmed tornadoes,however by the 1990s tornado statistics were coming closer to the numbers we see today.
This page documents the tornadoes and tornado outbreaks of 2012. Extremely destructive tornadoes form most frequently in the United States,Bangladesh,Brazil and eastern India,but they can occur almost anywhere under the right conditions. Tornadoes also appear regularly in neighboring southern Canada during the Northern Hemisphere's summer season,and somewhat regularly in Europe,Asia,Argentina,and Australia.
This page documents the tornadoes and tornado outbreaks of 2013. Strong and destructive tornadoes form most frequently in the United States,Bangladesh,Brazil and Eastern India,but they can occur almost anywhere under the right conditions. Tornadoes also appear regularly in neighboring southern Canada during the Northern Hemisphere's summer season,and somewhat regularly in Europe,Asia,and Australia.
This page documents the tornadoes and tornado outbreaks of 1949,primarily in the United States. Most recorded tornadoes form in the U.S.,although some events may take place internationally. Tornado statistics for older years like this often appear significantly lower than modern years due to fewer reports or confirmed tornadoes.
This page documents notable tornadoes and tornado outbreaks worldwide in 2022. Strong and destructive tornadoes form most frequently in the United States,Argentina,Brazil,Bangladesh,and Eastern India,but can occur almost anywhere under the right conditions. Tornadoes also develop occasionally in southern Canada during the Northern Hemisphere's summer and somewhat regularly at other times of the year across Europe,Asia,Argentina,Australia and New Zealand. Tornadic events are often accompanied by other forms of severe weather,including strong thunderstorms,strong winds,and hail. Worldwide,32 tornado-related deaths were confirmed:23 in the United States,three in China,two each in Poland and Russia,and one each in the Netherlands and Ukraine.
The International Fujita scale rates the intensity of tornadoes and other wind events based on the severity of the damage they cause. It is used by the European Severe Storms Laboratory (ESSL) and various other organizations including Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD) and State Meteorological Agency (AEMET). The scale is intended to be analogous to the Fujita and Enhanced Fujita scales,while being more applicable internationally by accounting for factors such as differences in building codes.
On 23 October 2022,Storm Beatrice spawned multiple severe thunderstorms across parts of Europe,including tornadic supercells in parts of France and embedded circulations in the mesoscale convective system that impacted parts of England. Eleven tornadoes were confirmed as a result of the outbreak,some of which were strong and caused major damage. 4 F1 tornadoes and 1 F2 tornado struck Hampshire and Greater London. The most significant tornadoes of the outbreak occurred in France,including two F2 tornadoes,and a very long-tracked EF3/F3/IF3/T6 tornado that caused major damage in multiple towns,and became the longest-tracked tornado in the history of France,remaining on the ground for 206 km (128 mi). The most severe damage from the F3 tornado occurred in Bihucourt,where numerous brick homes and other buildings had roofs torn off and exterior walls collapsed. The Bihucourt tornado eventually crossed into Belgium before dissipating and was the strongest tornado in France since an F3 tornado caused significant damage near Étrochey on 19 June 2013. One of the F2 tornadoes struck Beuzeville while the other impacted Songeons,with significant damage occurring in both towns. In addition to the tornadoes,numerous reports of flooding,hail,and damaging straight-line winds were also received. Despite the severity of the damage,no fatalities occurred as a result of the tornadoes,though a few injuries were reported.
This page documents the tornadoes and tornado outbreaks of 1948,primarily in the United States. Most tornadoes form in the U.S.,although some events may take place internationally. Tornado statistics for older years like this often appear significantly lower than modern years due to fewer reports or confirmed tornadoes. Also,prior to 1950,tornadoes were not officially surveyed by the U.S. Weather Bureau,which would later become the National Weather Service,and thus had no official rating. All documented significant tornadoes were instead given unofficial ratings by tornado experts like Thomas P. Grazulis.
This page documents the tornadoes and tornado outbreaks of 1946,primarily in the United States. Most recorded tornadoes form in the U.S.,although some events may take place internationally. Tornado statistics for older years like this often appear significantly lower than modern years due to fewer reports or confirmed tornadoes.
This is a list of notable tornadoes and tornado outbreaks worldwide in 2023. Strong,destructive tornadoes form most frequently in the United States,Argentina,Brazil,Bangladesh and East India,but can occur almost anywhere. Tornadoes develop occasionally in southern Canada during the Northern Hemisphere's summer,and at other times of the year across Europe,Asia,Argentina,Australia and New Zealand. They are often accompanied by other forms of severe weather,including thunderstorms,strong winds,and large hail. Worldwide,116 tornado-related deaths were confirmed –83 in the United States,12 in China,nine in Indonesia,eight in Myanmar,three in Turkey,and one in Saudi Arabia.
The 1764 Woldegk tornado on June 29,1764,was one of the strongest tornadoes ever documented in history,receiving the unique T11 rating on the TORRO scale along with an F5 rating on the Fujita scale and had winds estimated to be at least 480 kilometres per hour (300 mph). The tornado traveled 30 kilometres (19 mi) and reached a maximum width of 900 metres (980 yd). Most of the information known about this tornado came from a detailed 77-paragraph study by German scientist Gottlob Burchard Genzmer,which was published one year after the tornado occurred. The tornado completely destroyed several structures,and several tree branches reportedly thrown into the atmosphere. Many areas were covered with up to 2 centimetres (0.8 in) of ice. The storm which produced the tornado was dry,with almost no rain reported. Large hail,reportedly reaching 15 centimetres (6 in) in diameter covered the ground. The hail caused significant crop and property damage,killed dozens of animals,and injured multiple people in a large stretch around the tornado and to the northwest of the tornado's path.
Just before midnight on Wednesday,November 1,2023,a tornado impacted the Isle of Jersey in the Channel Islands,a crown dependency of the United Kingdom. Associated with powerful extratropical cyclone Storm Ciaran,the tornado was subsequently rated T6 on the TORRO scale or IF3 on the International Fujita Scale,which is broadly analogous to the Enhanced Fujita Scale commonly used in the United States,making it the strongest tornado to hit the British Isles since the Birmingham Tornado in 2005.
