2023 European heatwaves

Last updated

2023 European heat waves
Record Temperatures in the Mediterranean Sea in July.jpg
Sea surface temperatures on 24 July
Type Heat wave
Areas
Start dateJune 2023
End dateSeptember 2023

In 2023, Europe had been affected by heat waves. The most significant of which was the named heat wave, Cerberus Heatwave, which brought the hottest temperatures ever recorded in Europe. Starting on 10 July 2023, the record-breaking Cerberus anticyclone affected many European countries, with the effects felt most severely in parts of Southeast and Southwest Europe such as Cyprus, Greece, Italy, and Spain. The private Italian weather website iLMeteo named the extreme weather event after the hound of Hades from Greek mythology, and although some reports link the naming to the Italian Meteorological Society, the society's president said that they "absolutely don't use it". [1]

Contents

Several regional temperature records were broken, and the heatwave prompted health warnings and government action in several countries.

According to the British Met Office, 2023 was expected to have more intense heatwaves than those experienced in 2022. [2] In June, the European Environment Agency warned that schools and hospitals were at risk of high temperatures. [3]

Background

On 1 January 2023, at least eight European countries recorded their warmest January day ever: Liechtenstein, the Czech Republic, Poland, the Netherlands, Belarus, Lithuania, Denmark and Latvia. [4] This was attributed to climate change. [5]

Scientists have attributed the 2023 heat waves to human-made climate change. [6] [7] During each day in July 2023, two billion people experience heat conditions made at least three times more likely due to climate change and 6.5 billion people experienced this impact at least one day in this month. The heatwaves caused severe damage in southern US, Southern Europe, South and southeast Asia. [8]

Heatwaves becoming more frequent and intense due to climate change are a big problem for Europe. The heatwaves in the year 2003 killed 70,000 people, while in the record breaking summer of 2022, 61,672 people died. The mortality was 56% higher among women in comparison to men. The countries with the highest rates of mortality were Italy, Greece, Spain and Portugal. According to one climate researcher Hicham Achebak: "The fact that more than 61,600 people in Europe died of heat stress in the summer of 2022, even though, unlike in 2003, many countries already had active prevention plans in place, suggests that the adaptation strategies currently available may still be insufficient,". In the future heat related mortality can be significantly higher. According to NASA senior scientist Katherine Calvin: "Future warming depends on future emissions". [9]

By country

Albania

Albania set its all-time high temperature record at 44 °C (111 °F) in Kuçovë. [10]

Austria

On 18 June, temperatures above 30.0 °C (86.0 °F) were recorded at eight stations in the Ubimet network, reaching 31.3 °C (88.3 °F) in Bludenz and marking the beginning of a heat wave that was expected to peak on 22 June. [11] Prior to 18 June, a temperature of 30.0 °C (86.0 °F) was not recorded at any official station in Austria since the beginning of 2023, marking the country's latest first occurrence of the value in a calendar year since 1990. [11] On 22 June, temperatures of 35.0 °C (95.0 °F) or higher were recorded at eight stations in the Ubimet network, reaching 36.2 °C (97.2 °F) in Bad Goisern am Hallstättersee. [12]

The second heat wave of 2023 was expected to affect Austria between 10 July and 13 July, with maximum temperatures of up to 36 °C (97 °F) predicted to occur during the first two days. [13] After two days of heavy thunderstorms, temperatures in excess of 30 °C (86 °F) were expected to return on 14 July and reach as high as 38 °C (100 °F) in areas north of the Alps on 15 July. [14] During the week starting on 17 July, heavy thunderstorms kept forming in western and southern Austria on a daily basis. They were especially intense in Styria and Carinthia, and also affected parts of Italy, Slovenia and Croatia. [15] [16]

Belgium

On 12 June 2023, officials issued a heat wave health warning. [17] The highest temperature was measured on 8 July in Westmalle when it reached 34.4 °C (93.9 °F). [18]

Bulgaria

Temperatures in Bulgaria reached 41 °C (106 °F) during the Cerberus heat wave. Temperatures stayed above 35 °C (95 °F) for more than 2 weeks.

Croatia

Temperatures reached 40 °C (104 °F) by 13 July, sparking a significant wildfire near Šibenik. [19]

Cyprus

Temperatures in Cyprus neared 45 °C (113 °F) inland during the heatwave, with even elevated mountainous areas such as the Troodos region reaching a record-breaking 36 °C (97 °F). [20] Government officials issued heat warnings and set up "heat shelters" in various cities. [21]

Czech Republic

The Czech Republic experienced the hottest day of the year so far on 15 July. In several places, it was above 38 °C (100 °F), the warmest in Plzeň-Bolevec and Řež near Prague, where temperatures reached 38.6 °C (101.5 °F). Nearly 100 of the 160 or so stations measuring 30 years or more recorded temperature highs for 15 July. [22]

France

By 1 June 2023, 50 departments of France were under orange vigilance and 24 under yellow vigilance. [23] At least 80 heat-related deaths were recorded from 7–13 July. [24] The highest temperature was measured on 23 August in Toulouse, when it reached 42.4 °C (108.3 °F). [25] A report released by Public Health France on February 8, 2024, confirmed that 5,167 people died due to the heat during the summer in France in 2023. [26]

Germany

Germany saw warmer than usual temperatures. [27] The German government has promised a plan to prevent heatwave deaths. [28] On 22 June, temperatures rose to 35.7 °C during the nations first heatwave of 2023. [29] A second period of high temperatures in early July lead the temperatures to rise to 38 °C on 9 July. [30] On 15 July the temperature reached 38.8 °C in Möhrendorf-Kleinseebach. [31]

On 20 July, the Robert Koch Institute estimated that at least 830 heat-related excess deaths occurred in the country between 10 April and 9 July. [32]

Greece

On 14 July 2023, the World Meteorological Organization station in Thiva registered 44.2 °C (111.6 °F) making it the highest temperature in the country for that day. [33] [34] [35] On the same day Athens recorded 43.4 °C (110.1 °F) in the suburb of Filothei. [36] Officials in Athens announced midday closure of the Acropolis. [37] On 15 July 2023, the National Observatory of Athens station in Elafonisi also recorded a maximum temperature of 44.2 °C (111.6 °F). [38]

On 15 July, five people in Athens Urban Area were reported to have suffered from hyperthermia, while at least 10 more reportedly fainted, though it is not clear how many of them did so due to the heat. The Hellenic National Meteorological Service issued an Orange Warning for Extremely High Temperatures. [39] On that day the highest temperature in the Athens metropolitan area was 43.6 °C (110.5 °F) in Aspropyrgos. [40] On 20 July 2023, a delivery driver in Chalcis died from cardiac arrest, a few hours after he ended his shift. The man was found out to be uninsured and the owner of the grill house was later arrested. He was working for hours outdoors with temperatures exceeding 40 °C (104 °F). [41] [42] On 22 July 2023, Kato Tithorea registered 44.2 °C (111.6 °F) making it the highest temperature in the country for that day, [43] while the World Meteorological Organization station in Lefkohori recorded 44.1 °C (111.4 °F). [44] [45]

On 23 July 2023, the World Meteorological Organization station in Gytheio recorded 46.4 °C (115.5 °F) making it the highest temperature in the country for that day [46] [47] [48] while Nea Filadelfeia in Athens recorded 45.4 °C (113.7 °F). [49] On 26 July 2023, the World Meteorological Organization station in Agia Triada recorded 46.1 °C (115.0 °F) making it the highest temperature in the country for that day. [50] [51]

Throughout the prolonged heat wave, wildfires devastated parts of the country, killing at least 28 people, [52] mostly in the Athens metropolitan area and Rhodes. [53]

Ireland

Met Éireann stated that 2023 had the hottest June on record with an average monthly temperature of greater than 16 °C and a maximum of 28.8 °C at Oak Park in County Carlow on Tuesday 13 June, setting a heat record for 13 June in Ireland. [54]

Italy

Since 11 July, at least six men [55] [56] [57] [58] [59] [60] have died after collapsing while working due to the intense heat. Most of Southern Italy saw temperatures above 40 °C (104 °F), with temperatures as high as 48 °C (118 °F) estimated to hit Sicily and Sardinia by the middle of July. [61]

The European Space Agency predicted that temperatures would exceed 48 °C (118 °F) in Sardinia some time in July. [62] Tourists throughout the country were also observed to suffer from heat stroke, with a British visitor fainting at the Colosseum. [63] It is also expected that an anticyclone dubbed "Charon" originating from North Africa may raise the temperature to above 45 °C (113 °F) in parts of Italy early in the week beginning 17 July. [64]

On the two main islands temperatures reached their peak on July 24: in Sardinia, despite unofficial higher values having been reached, the highest reliable temperature recorded by a regional station belongs to Bari Sardo with 47.5 °C (117.5 °F). The same day on the island two national stations recorded their all-time record with 47.4 °C (117.3 °F) in Olbia and 46.8 °C (116.2 °F) in Decimomannu Air Base. In Sicily the highest temperature will be reached by the Syracuse station with 47.8 °C (118.0 °F), the same weather station that holds the highest official temperature in Europe. The same day the Palermo Astronomical Observatory observed a temperature of 47.0 °C (116.6 °F), the highest ever recorded in the Sicilian capital city since the beginning of the meteorological data records started in 1791. The heat was infernal and unbearable for practically the entire month, so much that July 2023 was the hottest month of July in Sicily so far: some stations in the Sicilian inland regions such as those of Caltanissetta and Enna recorded 11 consecutive days with maximum temperatures exceeding 40 °C (104 °F), as reported by the regional office SIAS (Sicilian agrometeorological information service).

Netherlands

From 8 June to 26 June the Netherlands experienced regional heatwaves. [65] On 11 June the temperature reached 32.3 °C (90.1 °F) in Gilze-Rijen and Hoek van Holland, setting a heat record for June 11. [66] Also on 12 June a heat record was broken when the temperature reached 31.8 °C (89.2 °F) in Gilze-Rijen. [67] The unusually high temperatures continued, and on 25 June it was once again hot, with the temperature reaching 32.2 °C (90.0 °F) in Maastricht. [68] After the June heatwaves temperatures went down, however another heatwave took place from 7 July to 12 July. [69] On 8 July the temperature reached 34.6 °C (94.3 °F) in Eindhoven, setting a heat record for 8 July. [70] The highest temperature was measured on 9 July when it reached 34.8 °C (94.6 °F) in Arcen. [71] There was a third regional heatwave in September, with temperatures reaching 32.2 °C (90.0 °F) on 10 September in Eindhoven and Ell, setting a heat record for 10 September in the Netherlands. [72]

Norway

On 13 July, temperatures of 28.8 °C (83.8 °F) were observed at northern Norway's Slettnes Lighthouse, breaking a record previously held for 80 years. [73] On 15 June the temperature reached 31.8 °C (89.2 °F) in Oslo, setting a heat record for 15 June in Norway. [74]

Romania

A first heat wave struck Romania after 3 July, with temperatures exceeding 35 °C (95 °F). A second heat wave arrived after 12 July, with temperatures reaching 39 Celsius degrees, prompting Romanian authorities to issue yellow and orange alerts. On 16 July, Elena Mateescu, the director of Romania's National Administration of Meteorology stated this month could be the warmest July in Romania in 120 years. [75] As of 17 July, temperatures are expected to go even higher, eventually surpassing 40 °C (104 °F).

Slovenia

The first heat wave of 2023 in Slovenia began on 19 June and ended on 23 June, when many parts of the country experienced heavy thunderstorms due to the arrival of a cold front. [76] Between 21 June and 23 June, the Slovenian Environment Agency (ARSO) recorded temperatures in excess of 34 °C (93 °F) at several stations in their network. The highest temperature during the period was 35.5 °C (95.9 °F), recorded at the ARSO station at Cerklje ob Krki Airport on 21 June, whilst temperatures at the ARSO station in Dobliče reached 34.9 °C (94.8 °F) on both 21 June and 23 June. [77]

The second heat wave of 2023 in Slovenia lasted from 8 July to 12 July, before heavy rain and high winds affected much of the country on the morning of 13 July. [78] [79] On 10 July, several stations in the ARSO network recorded temperatures between 33 °C (91 °F) and 35 °C (95 °F), reaching as high as 35.1 °C (95.2 °F) in Osilnica, as well as 35.0 °C (95.0 °F) in both Bilje and Podnanos. [80]

The third heat wave to affect Slovenia in 2023 began on 15 July and ended on 19 July, reaching its peak when temperatures between 32 °C (90 °F) and 37 °C (99 °F) were recorded in the lowlands on 17 July. [81] The same day, temperatures at the ARSO station in Dobliče reached 37.2 °C (99.0 °F), which was the highest officially recorded temperature in Slovenia in 2023. [82] A further three stations in the ARSO network recorded temperatures of up to 36.1 °C (97.0 °F) during the third heat wave, and the value of 35.0 °C (95.0 °F) was reached or exceeded at a further seven stations in the ARSO network. [82]

Spain

Spain experienced the hottest April on record, with temperatures up to 39 °C (102 °F) recorded that month. [83] Agriculture was heavily disrupted. [84] In June and July three people died by heatstroke. [85]

According to Carlos III Health Institute 659 mainly elderly people died between 8 July and 17 July due to heat. [86] Between 21 June and 8 July 309 excess deaths were recorded, bringing the total to 968. [87]

Switzerland

During the summer Switzerland experienced multiple heatwaves in July, August and September. The highest temperature measured during the heatwaves was 39.3 °C (102.7 °F) in Geneva on 24 August. [88] Four per cent of its total glacier volume disappeared. [89]

United Kingdom

The United Kingdom did not experience heatwaves as defined by the Met Office during the meteorological summer. [90] Nevertheless, the mean temperature in June was 15.8 °C (60.4 °F), the warmest since records began in 1884, and 0.9 °C higher than the previous record, set in 1940 and 1976. [91] The highest temperature was 32.2 °C (90.0 °F), recorded in Chertsey on the 10th and Coningsby on the 25th, [92] and records were also broken in 72 of the 97 areas where temperature data are collected. [91] The UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) and the Met Office issued the first heat-health alert of the year on 7 June, after the launch of a new high temperature alert system. [93] [94] A yellow heat alert was issued for London, the east and west Midlands, and the east, south-east and south-west. [95] [96] A yellow alert was also issued for Northern Ireland on 12 June. [97] A low pressure system over the country produced cooler, wetter weather in July and August. [98] [99]

September 2023

In September, the UK was hit by a record-breaking heatwave, which lasted eight consecutive days. On 4 September, the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) issued a yellow heat-health alert from 2 p.m. that day to 9 p.m. on 10 September for all areas of England except the North East. [100] This was increased to an amber heat-health alert on 5 September for all areas of except the North East, which received a yellow alert. [101]

On 7 September, the record for most consecutive September days where temperatures reached 30 °C (86 °F), which was previously five days, was broken. Also on 7 September, a provisional temperature of 32.6 °C (90.7 °F) was recorded in Wisley, Surrey, which was the hottest day of the year until 9 September. The previous record for the greatest number of September days where temperatures have reached 30 °C (86 °F) or more was five, set in 1911, however it was broken on 9 September. [102]

On 8 September, the record for highest September temperature in Northern Ireland was broken, with 28 °C (82 °F) recorded in Castlederg, County Tyrone. The previous record, set on 1 September 1906, was 27.6 °C (81.7 °F) in Armagh. [103]

On 9 September, a temperature of 32.7 °C (90.9 °F) was recorded at Heathrow, making it the hottest day of the year. [104] Kew Gardens later recorded 33.2 °C (91.8 °F), making 9 September 2023 London's second-hottest September day ever recorded. All operational London stations broke their previous records. Stations that have achieved higher temperatures in the past like Gravesend, Kent and Hampstead in London may have recorded even higher temperatures were they still operational during the heatwave.

On 10 September, the final day of the heatwave, temperatures exceeded 30 °C (86 °F) for the seventh consecutive day, peaking at 33.5 °C (92.3 °F) at Brogdale, near Faversham in Kent. [105] This would also make September 10 the hottest day of 2023. As the heatwave broke, a yellow weather warning for thunderstorms was put in place for most Northern Ireland and parts of northern England and Wales and southern Scotland. [106]

Highest temperature by country

CountryTemperatureLocationDateSource
Flag of Albania.svg  Albania 44.0 °C (111.2 °F) Kuçovë 25 July [107]
Flag of Andorra.svg  Andorra 43.0 °C (109.4 °F) Andorra La Vella 23 August [108]
Flag of Austria.svg  Austria 37.3 °C (99.1 °F) Innsbruck 11 July [109]
Flag of Belarus.svg  Belarus 34.6 °C (94.3 °F) Svetlogorsk 20 August
Flag of Belgium (civil).svg  Belgium 34.4 °C (93.9 °F) Westmalle 8 July [110]
Flag of Bulgaria.svg  Bulgaria 43.0 °C (109.4 °F) Ruse 25 July
Flag of Croatia.svg  Croatia 41.5 °C (106.7 °F) Karlovac 25 July
Flag of Cyprus.svg  Cyprus 46.0 °C (114.8 °F) Nicosia 2 August
Flag of the Czech Republic.svg  Czechia 38.6 °C (101.5 °F) Plzen-Bolevec, Rez 15 July [111]
Flag of Denmark.svg  Denmark 32.1 °C (89.8 °F)Abed, Lolland 15 July [112]
Flag of Estonia.svg  Estonia 33.1 °C (91.6 °F) Pärnu 7 August [113]
Flag of Finland.svg  Finland 32.0 °C (89.6 °F) Turku 7 August [114]
Flag of France.svg  France 42.4 °C (108.3 °F) Toulouse 23 August [25]
Flag of Germany.svg  Germany 38.8 °C (101.8 °F) Möhrendorf-Kleinseebach 15 July
Flag of Greece.svg  Greece 46.4 °C (115.5 °F) Gytheio 23 July
Flag of Hungary.svg  Hungary 39.4 °C (102.9 °F) Érsekhalma 20 July
Flag of Iceland.svg  Iceland 22.7 °C (72.9 °F) Neskaupstadur 21 August [115]
Flag of Ireland.svg  Ireland 28.8 °C (83.8 °F) Oak Park, County Carlow 13 June [116]
Flag of Italy.svg  Italy 47.8 °C (118.0 °F) Syracuse, Sicily 24 July [117]
Flag of Kosovo.svg  Kosovo 41.5 °C (106.7 °F) Skënderaj 23 July
Flag of Latvia.svg  Latvia 32.2 °C (90.0 °F) Ventspils 12 September
Flag of Liechtenstein.svg  Liechtenstein 36.0 °C (96.8 °F) Vaduz 15 July [118]
Flag of Lithuania.svg  Lithuania 34.2 °C (93.6 °F) Alytus 18 August
Flag of Luxembourg.svg  Luxembourg 33.4 °C (92.1 °F) Luxembourg City 9 July [119]
Flag of North Macedonia.svg  North Macedonia 40.5 °C (104.9 °F) Prilep 23 July
Flag of Malta.svg  Malta 42.7 °C (108.9 °F) Mosta 24 July [120]
Flag of Monaco.svg  Monaco 34.9 °C (94.8 °F) Monte Carlo 24 August [121]
Flag of Moldova.svg  Moldova 40.3 °C (104.5 °F) Cismichioi 15 August
Flag of the Netherlands.svg  Netherlands 34.8 °C (94.6 °F) Arcen 9 July
Flag of Norway.svg  Norway 31.8 °C (89.2 °F) Oslo 15 June [74]
Flag of Poland.svg  Poland 37.0 °C (98.6 °F) Kędzierzyn-Koźle 15 July
Flag of Portugal.svg  Portugal 46.4 °C (115.5 °F) Santarém 7 August [122]
Flag of Romania.svg  Romania 42.7 °C (108.9 °F) Tulcea 15 August
Flag of San Marino.svg  San Marino 39.9 °C (103.8 °F) Borgo Maggiore 22 July
Flag of Serbia.svg  Serbia 39.0 °C (102.2 °F) Niš 4 August
Flag of Slovakia.svg  Slovakia 37.5 °C (99.5 °F) Spišská Nová Ves 21 July
Flag of Slovenia.svg  Slovenia 36.1 °C (97.0 °F) Grad 17 July
Flag of Spain.svg  Spain 46.8 °C (116.2 °F) Valencia 10 August [123]
Flag of Sweden.svg  Sweden 30.0 °C (86.0 °F) Stockholm 29 June [124]
Flag of Switzerland (Pantone).svg   Switzerland 39.3 °C (102.7 °F) Geneva 24 August [88]
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom 33.5 °C (92.3 °F) Brogdale 10 September [105]
Flag of Vatican City (2023-present).svg  Vatican 40.0 °C (104.0 °F) Saint Peter's Basilica 22 July

Highest temperature per capital city

Capital CityTemperatureDateSource
Vienna 36.2 °C (97.2 °F)25 August [125]
Zagreb 33.7 °C (92.7 °F)19 July [126]
Prague 36.1 °C (97.0 °F)15 July [127]
Copenhagen 29.4 °C (84.9 °F)9 July [128]
Helsinki 28.5 °C (83.3 °F)21 June [129]
Paris 35.4 °C (95.7 °F)9 September [130]
Berlin 34.3 °C (93.7 °F)15 July [131]
Athens 45.4 °C (113.7 °F)23 July [132]
Rome 41.8 °C (107.2 °F)18 July [133]
Belgrade 37.4 °C (99.3 °F)17 July [134]
Madrid 40.0 °C (104.0 °F)21 August [135]
Lisbon 41.1 °C (106.0 °F)7 August [136]
Bern 34.6 °C (94.3 °F)24 August [137]
Dublin 28.7 °C (83.7 °F)8 September [138]

Storms and floods

On 22 June Belgium, the Netherlands and Germany experienced rainstorms that came paired with flooding. In the south of Limburg 60-80 millimeters of precipitation fell. Also in Wallonia and North Rhine-Westphalia there was flooding due to the rainstorms, with 60-100 millimeters near Plombières and Mönchengladbach. [139] [140] [141]

From 4–6 July Storm Poly ravaged Northern Europe. On 5 July the storm caused much damage and inconvenience in the Benelux and Germany. On the morning of 5 July, a wind gust of 146 km/h (41 m/s) was measured at IJmuiden. Storm Poly was the most severe summer storm in the Netherlands since at least 1911. [142]

In late June and mid-July, the combination of daytime temperatures of 35 to 40 °C (95 to 104 °F) and high humidity led to formation of a series of uncommonly strong, supercell storms in the area ranging from Slovenia to Romania. [143] On 23 June, large hail destroyed crops in parts of Slovenia and Hrvatsko Zagorje. In Croatia, the storm also broke windows in Varaždin and tore roofs off several houses in Međimurje. [144] [145] On 13 July, one such storm travelled 1,100 km (680 mi), producing hail throughout its distance with stones up to 14 centimetres (5.5 in) in diameter in Krško, Slovenia, and a wind speed in excess of 100 km/h (62 mph; 28 m/s) in Zrenjanin, Serbia. [146]

19 and 21 July storms

Storm damages in Banovci, Croatia. 2023 European heat waves Storm Banovci (Nijemci), Croatia 03.jpg
Storm damages in Banovci, Croatia.

On 19 July, a particularly strong supercell caused extreme wind damage in Slovenia and northern Croatia. Six people were killed: [147] four in Croatia (two in Zagreb, one in Cernik, Brod-Posavina County, and an on-duty firefighter in Tovarnik in the Vukovar-Srijem County), [148] one near Lake Bled, Slovenia, and one in Brčko, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Many more were injured, including at least 60 in Zagreb, 10 of them severely. The storm caused extensive wind damage and electricity outages in parts of Slovenia, northern Croatia and northern Serbia. Winds of 115 km/h (71 mph; 32 m/s) were recorded at the Zagreb Airport, and over 100 km/h in Belgrade and Sremska Mitrovica, Serbia. [149] [150] [151] [152] A state-operated automated weather station near Županja, Croatia recorded a 180 km/h (110 mph; 50 m/s) wind gust. [153] The storm moved quickly, hitting Zagreb around 4 pm and Belgrade around 8 pm (CEST). [154] Zagreb saw 20–35 mm (0.79–1.38 in) of rainfall within 10 minutes. [153]

In the afternoon of 21 July, a similar storm travelled over northern Croatia, dealing the brunt of its damage in Istria and Rijeka, where seven people were injured and one was missing. It subsequently hit Zagreb with wind gusts up to 80 km/h (50 mph; 22 m/s), downing more trees, stopping tram traffic, and damaging the Croatian Parliament building among others. [155] [156] Three deaths were recorded in Serbia. [147] In Novi Sad, a well-known celtis australis in the city centre, more than 150 years old and a first-class listed natural heritage object, was obliterated, with its trunk shattered. [157]

24 and 25 July storms

On 24 July, a particularly strong supercell storm caused extreme wind damage in Lombardy, Veneto and all northern Italy. [158] [159] The Delta DL 185 flight departing from Milan Malpensa Airport and bound for New York JFK was diverted to Rome-Fiumicino Airport, after being damaged by a violent hailstorm. [160]

In Lombardy, two people were killed by falling trees, [161] [162] while two more people died in a road accident caused by the road surface slippery from the rain. [163] Several others were injured across the region.

Early August floods

In the first week of August, a cut-off low led to torrential rains in excess of 100–200 mm (4–8 in) and flooding in Slovenia and parts of Croatia and Austria. The June and July storms led to the soil in the region being highly saturated with water, [164] which caused rivers to overflow, producing historic flooding [165] [166] [167] at a time of year when the local nivo-pluvial river regime predicts minimum levels. [168] At least seven people were killed in Slovenia and Austria. [166] [167] The flood wave crest entered Croatia on the night of 5–6 August, causing localised flooding and breaking records at several gauges. In Drnje, Croatia, near the confluence of Mura and Drava, a century-old record was broken by more than half a metre (2 ft). Croatian Armed Forces deployed 150 soldiers to assist with flood defences. [169]

See also

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">2018 British Isles heatwave</span> Period of unusually hot weather in the summer of 2018

The 2018 Britain and Ireland heatwave was a period of unusually hot weather that took place in June, July and August. It caused widespread drought, hosepipe bans, crop failures, and a number of wildfires. These wildfires worst affected northern moorland areas around the Greater Manchester region, the largest was at Saddleworth Moor and another was at Winter Hill, together these burned over 14 square miles (36 km2) of land over a period of nearly a month.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2018 European heatwave</span> Heat wave leading to record-breaking temperatures in Europe during the spring and summer of 2018

The 2018 European drought and heat wave was a period of unusually hot weather that led to record-breaking temperatures and wildfires in many parts of Europe during the spring and summer of 2018. It is part of a larger heat wave affecting the northern hemisphere, caused in part by the jet stream being weaker than usual, allowing hot high-pressure air to linger in the same place. According to the European Drought Observatory, most of the areas affected by drought are across northern and central Europe. According to the World Meteorological Organization, the severe heat waves across the northern hemisphere in the summer of 2018, are linked to climate change in Europe, as well as events of extreme precipitation.

The 1808 United Kingdom heat wave was a period of exceptionally high temperatures during July 1808. In the Central England Temperature series, dating back to 1659, at the time it was the 2nd hottest July on record, the hottest since 1783. As of 2022, it is the 9th hottest July on record. The month included some of the highest temperatures ever recorded in the UK. Temperature records from this time are likely dubious as the Stevenson screen was not introduced until the 1860s.

A tropical night is a term used in many European countries to describe days when the temperature does not fall below 20 °C (68.0 °F) during the nighttime. This definition is in use in countries including the Austria, Croatia, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, the Republic of Ireland, Latvia, Lithuania, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom. In the United States, by contrast, the term sultry nights is used when the temperature does not fall below 27 °C (80.6 °F) in the Gulf and Atlantic states.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2019 European heatwaves</span> European heat wave in 2019

In late June and late July 2019 there were two temporally distinct European heat waves, which set all-time high temperature records in Belgium, France, Germany, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2021 Eurasia winter heat wave</span> High temperatures in February, 2021, across Europe

Across Europe and parts of Asia, unusually high-temperatures in the late-winter period were reported from February 20 until February 28, 2021. The onset of the short-lasting winter heat wave was caused by a jet stream of Saharan dust. Daily high temperatures for the period were similar to the maximum high temperatures during spring.

The 2021 Britain and Ireland heat wave was a period of unusually hot weather in July 2021 that led to record-breaking temperatures in the UK and Ireland.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2022 heat waves</span> Hotter than normal periods in 2022

In 2022, several areas of the world experienced heat waves. Heat waves were especially notable in East Asia, the Indian subcontinent, Australia, western Europe, the United States, and southern South America. 2022 heat waves accounted for record-breaking temperatures and, in some regions, heat-related deaths. Heat waves were worsened by the effects of climate change, and they exacerbated droughts and wildfires.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2022 Japan heat wave</span>

The 2022 Japan heatwave was a heatwave that affected many prefectures. Temperatures peaked at 40.2 °C (104.4 °F) in Isesaki, Gunma Prefecture. 15,657 people were taken to hospital emergency departments, 5,261 of whom were admitted.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2022 United Kingdom heatwaves</span> Periods of unusually hot weather in the summer of 2022

The 2022 United Kingdom heatwaves were part of several heatwaves across Europe and North Africa. The United Kingdom experienced three heatwaves; the first was for three days in June, the second for three days in July, and the third for six days in August. These were periods of unusually hot weather caused by rising high pressure up from the European continent. There were also more grass fires and wildfires than average, and in August a drought was declared in many regions.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2022 European heatwaves</span> Heat waves affecting Europe in 2022

From June to August 2022, persistent heatwaves affected parts of Europe, causing evacuations and killing tens of thousands. These heat waves were the deadliest meteorological events in 2022. The highest temperature recorded was 47.0 °C (116.6 °F) in Pinhão, Portugal, on 14 July.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2022 North American heat waves</span> Heat wave affecting North America

From late spring to late summer heat waves in 2022 smashed many records in North America between May and September of that year. Dozens of temperature records were surpassed in the United States.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2023 heat waves</span> List of heat waves

A number of heat waves began across parts of the northern hemisphere in April 2023, many of which are ongoing. Various heat records have been broken, with July being the hottest month ever recorded.

This page documents notable droughts and heat waves worldwide in 2020.

Europe has been affected by heat waves since June 2024, breaking several regional temperature records across multiple nations in Southern and Southeast Europe.

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  150. ↑ "Prva žrtva oluje u BiH" [First storm fatality in BiH]. N1 (in Bosnian). 19 July 2023. Archived from the original on 19 July 2023. Retrieved 19 July 2023.
  151. ↑ "Jako nevrijeme u regionu, ima poginulih u BiH, Sloveniji, Hrvatskoj..." [Powerful storm hits the region, fatalities in BiH, Slovenia, Croatia...]. N1 (in Bosnian). 19 July 2023. Retrieved 19 July 2023.
  152. ↑ "A powerful storm sweeps Croatia and Slovenia after days of heat, killing at least 4 people". The San Diego Union-Tribune . Associated Press. 19 July 2023. Retrieved 19 July 2023.
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  154. ↑ Trajković, Suzana (19 July 2023). "Oluja je ipak srušila dva krana na Novom Beogradu? Jezivi snimci samo pristižu, padaju kao domine" [Storm topples two construction cranes in New Belgrade]. Alo.rs (in Serbian). Retrieved 19 July 2023.
  155. ↑ "Velika oluja u pet županija. Iščupana stabla, razoren kamp, osoba nestala na moru" [Large storm hits five counties. Trees torn down, campsite destroyed, one person missing at sea]. Index.hr (in Croatian). HINA. 21 July 2023. Retrieved 21 July 2023.
  156. ↑ "Grad poslao apel Zagrepčanima. Oluja opet čupala drveće i nosila krovove" [Zagreb sends another appeal to citizens. Storm tore trees and roofs again]. Index.hr (in Croatian). HINA. 21 July 2023. Retrieved 21 July 2023.
  157. ↑ "FOTO, VIDEO: Uništen čuveni koprivić, spomenik prirode u centru Novog Sada" [PHOTO, VIDEO: The famous Koprivić, a natural heritage object in the centre of Novi Sad, was destroyed]. www.021.rs (in Serbian). 21 July 2023. Retrieved 22 July 2023.
  158. ↑ "Maltempo, l'esperto del Cnr: "Il Nord Italia devastato da tre fenomeni estremi"". tgcom24.mediaset.it. tgcom24.mediaset.it. 25 July 2023. Retrieved 25 July 2023.
  159. ↑ "Fiamme e nubifragi, mappa delle emergenze nelle regioni". ansa.it. ansa.it. 25 July 2023. Retrieved 25 July 2023.
  160. ↑ "Malpensa, grandine danneggia aereo per New York: dirottato a Fiumicino". tgcom24.mediaset.it. tgcom24.mediaset.it. 25 July 2023. Retrieved 25 July 2023.
  161. ↑ "Maltempo in Lombardia, donna muore schiacciata da un albero a Lissone". tgcom24.mediaset.it. tgcom24.mediaset.it. 25 July 2023. Retrieved 25 July 2023.
  162. ↑ "Brescia, albero sradicato dal vento si schianta su tenda: muore una scout di 16 anni". tgcom24.mediaset.it. tgcom24.mediaset.it. 25 July 2023. Retrieved 25 July 2023.
  163. ↑ "Maltempo Milano, violento nubifragio nella notte: danni e allagamenti in Lombardia, 4 le vittime. News e video in diretta". Fanpage. 25 July 2023.
  164. ↑ "Zbog nove promjene izgledni visoki vodostaji rijeka" [Inclement weather likely to lead to increased water levels in rivers] (in Croatian). Croatian Meteorological and Hydrological Service. 2 August 2023. Retrieved 7 August 2023.
  165. ↑ S, A. ""Toliko padavin ni v enem dnevu padlo nikoli. Posledice so hude." Ni še konec" ["So much rainfall in one day has not happened yet. The consequences are terrible." The situation is not over yet.]. rtvslo.si (in Slovenian). Retrieved 4 August 2023.
  166. 1 2 "Nočna mora na Gorenjskem in Koroškem. Razmere so katastrofalne. #video" [Nightmare in Upper Carniola and [Slovenian] Carinthia of catastrophic proportions]. siol.net (in Slovenian). Retrieved 4 August 2023.
  167. 1 2 red, ORF at/Agenturen (6 August 2023). "Hochwasser: Ein Todesopfer in Kärnten" [High water: One fatality in [Austrian] Carinthia]. news.ORF.at (in German). Retrieved 6 August 2023.
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