2022 European drought

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2022 European drought
Drought alerts in Europe as of 07-21-2022.png
Drought alerts in Europe on 21 July 2022.

During the summer of 2022, parts of Europe experienced drought conditions exacerbated by heat waves. [1] This was preceded by a warm and dry spring. On 9 August, a senior European Commission researcher said that it seemed to be Europe's worst year in 500 years. [2] A report from the Global Drought Observatory has confirmed this. [3] The drought had serious consequences for hydropower generation and the cooling systems of nuclear power plants, as the drought reduced the amount of river water available for cooling. [4] [5] Agriculture in Europe was also negatively affected by the drought. [6] [7] Scientists found that while precipitation deficits primarily caused the lack of water in the soil, human-induced global warming contributed to over 30% of the drought intensity and its spatial extent via enhanced evaporation. [8]

Contents

France

The dried up Leysse at the entrance to Chambery on 28 July 2022. Leysse a sec a l'entree de Chambery (secheresse juillet 2022) 1.JPG
The dried up Leysse at the entrance to Chambéry on 28 July 2022.
The Huveaune dried up in Aubagne in July 2022. Huveaune Aubagne dry bed.jpg
The Huveaune dried up in Aubagne in July 2022.
Dried trees in Ravilloles, Jura Secheresse 2022 Haut-Jura.jpg
Dried trees in Ravilloles, Jura
Drought alert in France by departments on 12 August 2022. Alerte secheresse en France au 12 aout 2022.svg
Drought alert in France by departments on 12 August 2022.
Parched Catton Park near Norwich on 20 August 2022 Catton Park 20-8.2022 (3).jpg
Parched Catton Park near Norwich on 20 August 2022

Much of France experienced a drought. [9] [10] In early August, two-thirds of the country was at crisis alert. [11] It was reportedly been caused by the historic heatwaves that hit the country. [12] July was reportedly the driest month in France for 60 years. [13] By August, 100 villages had run out of drinking water. [14] Water use was restricted in nearly all metropolitan departments of France. [15] The Prime Minister of France Élisabeth Borne called it "the country's worst drought in history". [16] On 5 August, she announced the creation of an inter-ministerial crisis unit. [17]

The national corn harvest was expected to be 18.5% lower than 2021. [18] Milk shortages were expected to follow. [19] Conversely, salt farms benefited from the hot temperatures. [20]

In July and August Gironde experienced numerous wild fires, see 2022 European and Mediterranean wildfires.

Germany

As of August 2022, the River Rhine's water level had fallen so much that shipping was affected. [21] [22] The water level in Emmerich sunk to -3 cm, being 10 cm lower than the previous record from 2018. The normal water level is 239 cm. [23] [24] Due to the low water levels, the cost of transporting goods multiplied because ships were only able to load 25-35% of their usual freight. [25]

On 24 August, 54% of the German area was affected by an extraordinary drought. Further 24.6% by an extreme and further 12.2% by a severe drought. [26]

Many districts and states banned water extraction from creeks, rivers and lakes, the watering of lawns, filling of pools or cleaning cars. [26] [27]

By mid August, the number of forest fires in the state of Brandenburg was three times as high than in all of 2021. [28]

Italy

A state of emergency was declared in July 2022. [29] Drought was blamed for the deaths of dozens of cows. [30] Northern Italy experienced a drying up of important rivers like the Po. [31]

The longest river in Italy, the Po river, dried up in the hot temperatures Po River dries up ESA24327791.gif
The longest river in Italy, the Po river, dried up in the hot temperatures

Romania

Water restrictions were introduced in Romania in July 2022 in preparation for drought. [32]

Serbia

Low water levels in the Danube River exposed the wrecks of dozens of German warships, sunk in late 1944 to block passage to the Soviets. The wrecks were still laden with ammunition and explosives, and presented a safety hazard. [33] [34]

Spain and Portugal

The Iberian Peninsula experienced a drought. Water shortages were prevalent in Spain, leading to rationing. [35]

In Portugal, the hydrological year of 2021-2022 experienced 5 heat waves and was the third driest year since 1931, after 2004-2005 and 1944-1945. [36] 80% of the territory was in extreme and severe drought during the first nine months of 2022. The year was the hottest year since 1931. [37] Agriculture was affected, with 2022 recording the worst production of cereals on record. The production of apples decreased by 20.9% compared to the previous year, pears decreased by 41.3%, tomatoes by 19.7%, and rice by 11.6%. [38]

United Kingdom

The River Mole near Leatherhead in Surrey, July 2022. Dry River Mole, 20 July 2022.jpg
The River Mole near Leatherhead in Surrey, July 2022.

July 2022 was the driest July in England since 1935. [40] [41] According to Sky News, in one in seven counties, it was the driest July since records began in 1836. [42] As a result, hosepipe bans were introduced in some parts of South East England. [43]

Fields and heathland dried up. [44] On 12 August, a hosepipe ban came into force by South East Water. [45] Drought-like conditions also affected South West England. [46]

On 12 August, a drought was declared [47] in eight of the 14 Environment Agency areas: Devon and Cornwall, Solent and South Downs, Kent and South London, Herts and North London, East Anglia, Thames, Lincolnshire and Northamptonshire, and the East Midlands. [48] Electricity supplies are reportedly threatened. [49] Reservoir levels are at a 25-year low. [50] A drought was declared in the West Midlands region on 23 August, with the Environment Agency warning it had been using groundwater resources and reserves from reservoirs in Wales to help maintain the flows of the River Severn, which supplies six million people in the area. [51]

On 15 August, a hosepipe ban was introduced in Cornwall for the first time in 26 years. [52] On 18 August, a hosepipe ban in South West Wales was introduced affecting Pembrokeshire and parts of Carmarthenshire. [53] Dŵr Cymru Welsh Water said that it would be likely to last into September. [54] Hosepipe bans were also declared by Thames Water. [55] On 19 August, a drought was declared in north Ceredigion, Teifi, Pembrokeshire, Carmarthen, Swansea, Llanelli, Neath Port Talbot and Bridgend. [56] The River Black Bourn in Suffolk was reportedly "near dead". [57]

On 30 August, a drought was declared in South West England, covering Bristol, Somerset, South Gloucestershire, Dorset and parts of Wiltshire. [58]

Parts of Yorkshire experienced their driest period on record and emergency pipes were laid. In December 2022, Yorkshire Water lifted the hosepipe ban after three months. [59]

The Cornwall hosepipe ban continued to be active into 2023, and was extended to cover large parts of Devon on 25 April 2023. This was done in an attempt to replenish water levels at the Roadford Reservoir ahead of that year's summer. [60]

See also

Related Research Articles

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">2010 Northern Hemisphere heat waves</span> Summer heat waves

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">2010–2013 Southern United States and Mexico drought</span> Severe to extreme drought in the Southern United States and large parts of Mexico

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">1995 British Isles heatwave</span>

The 1995 British Isles heatwave occurred between late July and late August. It was part of one of the warmest summers recorded in the UK, and one of the warmest Augusts ever recorded in many locations around the UK, as well as being one of the driest summers ever recorded in the UK; many weather stations recorded the summer of 1995 as drier than, or comparable with, the summer of 1976. Ireland was also widely affected by the heatwave with temperatures reaching over 30 °C (86 °F) in some locations, as well as exceptionally low rainfall throughout the summer.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2018 United Kingdom wildfires</span> A record-breaking series of wildfires in the UK

Starting on 24 June 2018 and continuing throughout the summer, a record-breaking series of wildfires burned across the United Kingdom. The two largest fires, which were declared major incidents, burned over 7 square miles each and broke out on Saddleworth Moor in Greater Manchester and Winter Hill in Lancashire. Other large fires broke out in Glenshane Pass in County Londonderry, Northern Ireland, Epping Forest, in London and in the Vale of Rheidol in Ceredigion, Wales. The Saddleworth Moor fire has been described as the largest English wildfire in living memory. Most of the wildfires occurred during the first official heatwave in the United Kingdom since June 2017, with temperatures reaching above 30 °C (86 °F) for several days, making the hottest June in the country since 1995, and the driest June for over ten years in large parts of the United Kingdom, exacerbating the crisis. A wildfire started on the Staffordshire Moorlands on 9 August and, despite rain, had spread to cover 219 acres by 11 August. Some hot spots were still burning as at 22 August. In total, there were 79 fires over the course of the year, a new record. However, the record was beaten in 2019 with 96 fires as of April 23.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2018 British Isles heatwave</span> Period of unusually hot weather in the summer of 2018

The 2018 Britain and Ireland heatwave was a period of unusually hot weather that took place in June, July and August. It caused widespread drought, hosepipe bans, crop failures, and a number of wildfires. These wildfires worst affected northern moorland areas around the Greater Manchester region, the largest was at Saddleworth Moor and another was at Winter Hill, together these burned over 14 square miles (36 km2) of land over a period of nearly a month.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2018 European heatwave</span> Heat wave leading to record-breaking temperatures in Europe during the spring and summer of 2018

The 2018 European drought and heat wave was a period of unusually hot weather that led to record-breaking temperatures and wildfires in many parts of Europe during the spring and summer of 2018. It is part of a larger heat wave affecting the northern hemisphere, caused in part by the jet stream being weaker than usual, allowing hot high-pressure air to linger in the same place. According to the European Drought Observatory, most of the areas affected by drought are across northern and central Europe. According to the World Meteorological Organization, the severe heat waves across the northern hemisphere in the summer of 2018, are linked to climate change in Europe, as well as events of extreme precipitation.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2020–2023 North American drought</span> Severe drought impacting Canada, Mexico and the United States since 2020

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">2022 heat waves</span> Hotter than normal periods in 2022

In 2022, several areas of the world experienced heat waves. Heat waves were especially notable in East Asia, the Indian subcontinent, Australia, western Europe, the United States, and southern South America. 2022 heat waves accounted for record-breaking temperatures and, in some regions, heat-related deaths. Heat waves were worsened by the effects of climate change, and they exacerbated droughts and wildfires.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2022 United Kingdom heatwaves</span> Periods of unusually hot weather in the summer of 2022

The 2022 United Kingdom heatwaves were part of several heatwaves across Europe and North Africa. The United Kingdom experienced three heatwaves; the first was for three days in June, the second for three days in July, and the third for six days in August. These were periods of unusually hot weather caused by rising high pressure up from the European continent. There were also more grass fires and wildfires than average, and in August a drought was declared in many regions.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2022 European heatwaves</span> Heat waves affecting Europe in 2022

From June to August 2022, persistent heatwaves affected parts of Europe, causing evacuations and killing tens of thousands. These heat waves were the deadliest meteorological events in 2022. The highest temperature recorded was 47.0 °C (116.6 °F) in Pinhão, Portugal, on 14 July.

Events of 2022 in England. The Queen's platinum jubilee took place in February; she died in September. England's hottest temperatures on record occurred in July.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2022 China heat wave</span> Heat wave affecting China

From June to 31 August 2022, China had a severe heat wave which affected several provinces and municipalities. To date, it is the country's worst heat wave to have existed. According to weather historian Maximiliano Herrera, it is the most severe heat wave recorded anywhere in the world.

In 2023, Europe experienced drought-like conditions amid heat waves.

References

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  2. ↑ "Europe's drought on course to be worst for 500 years, European Commission researcher warns". Sky News. Retrieved 10 August 2022.
  3. ↑ "Europe's drought the worst in 500 years - report". BBC News. 23 August 2022. Retrieved 24 August 2022.
  4. ↑ "Heat and Drought in Europe Strain Energy Supply". The New York Times . 18 August 2022.
  5. ↑ "Europe's driest summer in 500 years threatens crops, energy production". Reuters. 22 August 2022.
  6. ↑ "What Europe's Drought Means for the Price of Meat and Milk". Bloomberg. 12 August 2022.
  7. ↑ "'There's no sign of any rain coming to us': Europe's extreme weather risks smaller harvests and higher prices". CNBC. 31 August 2022.
  8. ↑ Bevacqua, Emanuele; Rakovec, Oldrich; Schumacher, Dominik L.; Kumar, Rohini; Thober, Stephan; Samaniego, Luis; Seneviratne, Sonia I.; Zscheischler, Jakob (21 October 2024). "Direct and lagged climate change effects intensified the 2022 European drought". Nature Geoscience. doi: 10.1038/s41561-024-01559-2 . ISSN   1752-0894.
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  26. 1 2 NACHRICHTEN, n-tv. "So trocken ist es aktuell in Deutschland und Europa". n-tv.de (in German). Retrieved 26 August 2022.
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  29. ↑ Clifford, Catherine. "Italy has declared a state of emergency because of drought: 'There is no doubt that climate change is having an effect,' the prime minister said". CNBC. Retrieved 18 August 2022.
  30. ↑ "Drought blamed for dozens of cow poisoning deaths in Italy". phys.org. Retrieved 18 August 2022.
  31. ↑ "Serious drought hitting Europe, wider world". DW.COM. 13 August 2022. Retrieved 23 August 2022.
  32. ↑ Andra Timu, Irina Vilcu (6 July 2022). "Romanians Urged to Save Water as Drought Threatens Crops, Energ". www.bloomberg.com. Retrieved 8 August 2022.
  33. ↑ "Čišćenje Dunava od NATO bombi". Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 30 August 2022.
  34. ↑ Fedja, Grulovic (19 August 2022). "Sunken WW2 German Warships Exposed by Low water Levels on Danube". MarineLink. Retrieved 20 August 2022.
  35. ↑ "Drought forces water use rethink in Spain | eNCA". www.enca.com. Retrieved 10 August 2022.
  36. ↑ "Seca hidrológica mais grave do século devido à conjugação de temperaturas altas e fraca precipitação" [Most severe hydrological drought of the century due to the combination of high temperatures and low precipitation]. Governo da República Portuguesa (in Portuguese). 14 October 2022. Archived from the original on 14 October 2022. Retrieved 8 May 2024.
  37. ↑ Oliveira, Ana (10 May 2023). "Portugal conta mais secas e em mais território" [Portugal has more droughts and in more territory]. ECO (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on 7 June 2023. Retrieved 8 May 2024.
  38. ↑ "Seca e calor levaram Portugal à pior campanha de sempre de cereais em 2022" [Drought and heat led Portugal to the worst cereal season ever in 2022]. CNN Portugal (in Portuguese). 21 July 2023. Archived from the original on 26 September 2023. Retrieved 8 May 2024.
  39. ↑ Harris, Simon (11 August 2022). "Urgent fish rescue in River Mole near Dorking after heatwave causes dramatic fall in water levels". ITV News. Archived from the original on 12 August 2022. Retrieved 13 August 2022.
  40. ↑ "Driest July in England since 1935". Met Office. Retrieved 8 August 2022.
  41. ↑ "UK drought: are farmers facing the crop failures of 1976 all over again?". The Conversation. Retrieved 8 August 2022– via Yahoo! News.
  42. ↑ "For one in seven counties it was the driest July since records began in 1836, Sky News analysis reveals". Sky News. Retrieved 12 August 2022.
  43. ↑ Kirby, Dean (7 August 2022). "Official drought could soon be declared in parts of England with millions facing hosepipe bans". inews.co.uk. Retrieved 8 August 2022.
  44. ↑ "'Really poor judgement': Drought looms but council continue to water patches of field". Bournemouth Echo. Retrieved 12 August 2022.
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  46. ↑ "Drought expected to be declared in the South West tomorrow". Sky News. Retrieved 12 August 2022.
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  52. ↑ "UK heatwave: Hosepipe ban in Cornwall first in 26 years". BBC News. 15 August 2022. Retrieved 15 August 2022.
  53. ↑ "Drought sees first hosepipe ban in Wales since '89". BBC News. 18 August 2022. Retrieved 22 August 2022.
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