Location of the 2022 European and Mediterranean wildfires since 19 July 2022
Albania
In Krasta and Krujë, more than 50 hectares (120 acres) of forest were destroyed by wildfires. There were also large fires reported in Lezhë County.[2]
Algeria
Wildfire in Algeria in August 2022.
Wildfires which broke out in August have killed at least 38 people, 24 in the city of El Tarf, and injured at least 200 others. They caused 350 people to be evacuated, according to Minister of Interior Kamel Beldjoud.[3]
Croatia
Three large wildfires in the Zadar and Šibenik area destroyed around 20 homes in the village of Raslina by Lake Prokljan.[4] The fire was extinguished by 18 July.[5]
Cyprus
On 23 June, a wildfire destroyed at least 10,000 acres (4,000ha) of forest on the foothills of the Kyrenia Mountains.[6]
Czech Republic
Two Italian aircraft of the Canadair CL-415 type with large-capacity 6,000 liter tanks took part in extinguishing the fire; water was collected from Lake Milada near Ústí nad Labem.
A forest fire occurred in the Bohemian Switzerland National Park on 24 July 2022. It has been burning during large heatwaves, in the difficult-to-access terrain of the Malinový důl gorge in the national park area near Hřensko. Firefighters have been working since Sunday morning, they also evacuated dozens of tourists,[7] 60 people from the camp in Dolský mlýn and residents of the village of Mezná. Firefighters and helicopters from Poland, Slovakia, Sweden and Germany also responded to the fire.[8][9]
In July, estimated total of more than 20,800ha (51,000 acres) were burnt by the wildfires in Gironde, causing a total of 36,750 people to be evacuated.[13]
The fire at La Teste-de-Buch started at around 15:00 on 12 July. The mayor of La Teste-de-Buch, Patrick Davet, said that the cause of the fire may have been a vehicle that could have had electrical problems and ignited a fire on the side of a road near the Dune of Pilat.[14]
In the evening, authorities evacuated five hamlets and the village of Guillos near Landiras as a precautionary measure. Five hundred people were evacuated and no casualties were reported from this fire. The D115 and D125 roads were closed to traffic.[15]
On 13 July, in the area close to the fire, an evacuation of five campsites began, with around 6,000 holidaymakers fleeing as a cautionary measure.[15] They were sent to the exhibition centre and the Leclerc shopping centre in La Teste-de-Buch. The D218 road was cut off by the fire between Pilat and the beach at Biscarosse. No injuries were reported. At the La Teste-de-Buch fire, 445 hectares (1,100 acres) in the district of Arcachon had been burnt since 12 July.[15] By midday, the fire in this area had increased to 700 hectares (1,700 acres).[16]
At the Landiras fire, 800 hectares (2,000 acres) had been burnt since 12 July and no injuries were reported. The prefecture activated two operational command posts manned by the SDIS of the Gironde to coordinate operations. Nearly six hundred firefighters were engaged to fight the fire. Two Canadair water bombers were deployed and two Dash aircraft, with additional reinforcements allocated from other areas of France.[15] By midday, the fire in this area had increased to 1,000 hectares (2,500 acres).[16]
By the morning of 14 July, 1,750 hectares (4,300 acres) had been burnt in Arcachon near La Teste-de-Buch with no injuries reported.[17] The fire was not under control and was difficult to access. From 5 a.m., sixty people were evacuated from an area north of Cazaux. The D218 road remained cut between the roundabout at Pilat and the beach at Biscarosse remained closed.[17] By the early evening, 2,900 hectares (7,200 acres) had been destroyed as two houses and campsites near the lake were under threat.[18] Further evacuations took place in the afternoon around Cazaux and 4,000 evacuees were now being housed as a reception centre at La Teste-de-Buch.[18]
In Landiras, 2,100 hectares (5,200 acres) had burnt near Langon by the morning with no injuries reported. The fire was not under control and the D115, D125 and D220 roads were closed.[17] Guillos and the hamlets of Lahon and Hil et Petit-Hil were evacuated and by the evening, the fire had burnt through 2,400 hectares (5,900 acres).[18]
Nearly one thousand firefighters, four Canadairs and two Dash aircraft had been mobilised. The prefect, Fabienne Buccio placed the Gironde department on Orange alert due to the weather conditions and the risk of other forest fires.[17]
By the morning of 15 July, 3,150 hectares (7,800 acres) had burnt at the La Teste-de-Buch, the fire having reached the lake at Cazaux while 10,000 people had been evacuated so far.[19] The fire was still not under control and at Cazaux three houses and two restaurants had been destroyed.[20] Bulldozers were brought in to attempt to build firebreaks ahead of the fire.[21] Around a thousand firefighters, three Canadairs and one Dash aircraft were being deployed to fight the fires in both areas that morning.[19]
Evacuees from the campsites around La Teste-de-Buch, evacuated since 12 July, returned on 15 July, with individuals allowed to return to the sites to pack up their camping gear and luggage.[22] Most inhabitants of Cazaux were not allowed back to check on their homes and pets.[22]
4,500 hectares (11,000 acres) had been destroyed near Landiras, but increased to 4,700 hectares (12,000 acres) by the evening.[23][19] Further evacuations had been carried out throughout the day at Louchats, Origne, Balizac and La Broque with around 1,900 evacuated.[19] One house at Guillos had been destroyed and more roads closed in the fire area.[21]
Greece and Italy made two Canadair water bombers available for France.[24] They arrived in France that morning, being mobilised to the south of France. President Emmanuel Macron visited the Ministry of Interior's crisis centre in Paris to be briefed on the progress to fight the fire.[23]
On 16 July, some inhabitants of Cazaux were allowed through to retrieve belongings and pets while others could not go due to the road to the town being overrun again by fire.[25] The fire at La Teste-de-Buch fire was contained but still burning with the possibility of becoming out of control if the temperatures stayed high and the winds rise again.[26]
The town of Cabanac-et-Villagrains was evacuated as were 1,900 people from the Hostens.[27] At Hostens, an evacuation order was issued but residents were not obliged to leave and if they chose to stay, they had to declare that position.[26] The amount of vegetation and forest burnt in the two fires now stood at under 10,000 hectares (25,000 acres).[26] Two new accommodation centres were opened in Saucats and Belin-Béliet.[28]
Aerial water bombers dropped 10,000 litres (2,200impgal; 2,600USgal) of fire retardant on the fire fronts to stop the progress of the fire.[26] It had been reported that so far only four firefighters were injured, one fire appliance overturned and one was burnt.[28] Three thousand buildings had been saved.[28]
President of the Gironde Departmental Council, Jean-Luc Gleyze pleaded for more Canadair and Dash aircraft on site to fight the fire as some Canadair water bombers had been moved to other areas in France.[24] Some, he complained, had arrived too late and made containing the fire harder. He said if the fire at La Teste-de-Buch could be contained between the coast and Lac de Cazaux, then more resources could then be moved to the Landiras.[24]
Jean-Marc Pelletant, mayor of Landiras said a team of prosecutors from Bordeaux had arrived and were investigating if there was any criminal activity responsible for the fire, a situation he was not aware of.[29]
Satellite images showing the impact of the wildfire in Gironde between 12 and 17 July 2022.
On 17 July, the evacuation of 2,100 people in Cabanac began during the day with more than 16,000 people evacuated since 12 July.[27] The prefecture announced at midday that around 11,000ha (27,000 acres) had been burnt in the two fires.[30] 1,500 firemen from all over France were fighting the fire.[27] At the La Teste-de-Buch fire, 3,400ha (8,400 acres) had burnt while at the Landiras fire, 7,200ha (18,000 acres) had been lost.[30] The fire at Landiras was said to have a perimeter of 12km (7.5mi) by 6km (3.7mi) with several fire heads.[30]
Midday at the La-Teste-de-Buch fire, saw the construction of firebreaks continued with the fire fought on left and right flanks to protect campsites and dwellings.[31] During the day at the Landiras fire, the DFCI (Défense des Forêts Contre les Incendies) continued to build firebreaks in front of the fire.[31] By evening, 3,900ha (9,600 acres) had burnt at La-Teste-de-Buch and 9,000ha (22,000 acres) at Landiras after the fire situation deteriorated during the afternoon, with fire at the former having reached the ocean at Banc d'Arguin and turned south. And at Landiras, the fire had several fronts when the wind changed. Resources to fight the fire had been increased but were still to deploy with an additional three aircraft, two hundred firefighters and eleven more fire appliances allocated.[27] In the Landiras region, two new shelters were opened in Langon while one was closed at Saucats.[32]
On 18 July, in the La Teste-de-Buch and Landiras areas, more than 16,000 people were evacuated as fires continue to spread across Gironde.[33]
In Brasparts, Monts d'Arrée, Finistère, a large moorland fire started, forcing the evacuation of 300 people while more than 1700 hectares burned.[34] It was caused by two distinct fires a few kilometers apart, both of human origin, one obviously criminal according to Quimper prosecutor Carine Halley.[35]
August Gironde Fires
As of 12August2022,[update] more than 1,000 firefighters were fighting a megafire in Gironde, which has destroyed about 7,400ha (18,000 acres) of forest and forced 10,000 residents to flee.[36] Firefighters from Poland, Romania, Austria and Germany[37] and helicopters from Greece, Italy and Sweden helped extinguish the fires.
On 25 July, a forest fire covering an area of 800ha (2,000 acres) led to the evacuation of 700 people in the villages of Rehfeld and Kölsa in the state of Brandenburg. Seven firefighters suffered injuries.[38]
On 4 August, a fire broke out at an explosives disposal site in Grunewald, a forest in Berlin.[39] Due to the fire, the Bundesautobahn 115, a highway located approximately 500m (1,600ft) from the explosives disposal site, remained closed for all traffic until the evening of 10 August, when it was confirmed that the safety of travellers would not be compromised by any remaining explosives inside the forest.[40]
Greece
Wildfires broke out on 14 July, affecting areas near Preveza.[41] Seven villages near Rethymno were evacuated because of fires.[42]
On 9 July, a large wildfire engulfed a pine forest near Nabatieh.[47]
Malta
On 18 July, a wildfire broke out in grassland in Mriehel.[48]
Morocco
In July 2022, at the same time as wildfires across Europe, Morocco was affected by large wildfires as a result of historic heatwaves. The Royal Moroccan Armed Forces and firefighters have struggled to get the situation under control.[49] The forests of Taza, Tetouan and Larache have been burning.[50] 500 families were evacuated from the provinces of Larache and Taza.[51] 1,331 families were evacuated from 20 villages, and around 170 houses were destroyed south of the port of Tangier.[52]
One person was killed during the fires, and 1,500ha (3,700 acres) of forest have been destroyed.[53]
The Algarve region and the districts of Leiria and Santarém have been most affected by wildfires.[54] One fireplane pilot was killed when the plane crashed.[55] In July, a total of 30,000 hectares (74,000 acres) were burnt by wildfires. In Leiria, a fire blocked a part of the A1 which runs from Porto to Lisbon. In Algarve, a fire broke out in the city of Faro, which spread to the Quinta do Lago resort.[56] A fire in the municipality of Palmela in the Lisbon metropolitan area burned 400 hectares (990 acres) of bush and caused 12 injuries.[57] According to the Civil Protection Authority, at least 135 people have been injured since wildfires began, and about 800 people have been evacuated from their homes.[56]
On 31 July, firefighters battled a large wildfire in the municipality of Mafra near the town of Venda do Pinheiro.[58]
On 21 August, a wildfire broke out in the Vila Real District.[59] A fire tornado was filmed in the area.[60]
Romania
On 5 July, a wildfire destroyed 100 hectares of a wheat field in Timiș County.[61]
Slovenia
On 17 July, wildfires broke out in the Karst region on the Italy–Slovenia border and more than 300 firefighters were battling the flames.[62] The Karst wildfires continued to spread until 20 July, causing evacuations of a number of villages. There were several foreign aircraft that assisted the domestic ones in battling the flames and monitoring the affected areas. Approximately 1,900ha (4,700 acres) of land were burnt, making it the most extensive spread of wildfires ever recorded in Slovenia.[63] On 22 July, when the Karst wildfires started to spread again, there were more than 800 firefighters and 260 foresters on location.[64]
In the early morning of 24 July, there were rain showers in the Karst region, but precipitation only occurred in part of the areas affected by the Karst wildfires, which continued to burn due to strong winds and high temperatures. By the end of the day, approximately 2,000 people and several domestic as well as foreign aircraft succeeded in stopping these wildfires from spreading further.[65] On 25 July, they were confirmed to be under control, but not yet fully extinguished, after burning an estimated 3,500ha (8,600 acres) of land in the municipalities of Miren–Kostanjevica and Renče–Vogrsko. At that time, many of the people who fought the flames the previous day already left the affected areas and all foreign aircraft returned to their home countries. As strong winds and slow-burning flames could still start a new spread, a total of 518 people, including approximately 325 firefighters, kept monitoring the situation in the most critical parts of the affected areas.[66]
Although there were periods of rain in the Karst region on 26 July, precipitation in the areas affected by the Karst wildfires was low. As it was assessed that strong winds could still contribute to flames igniting in natural environments, a total of 143 firefighters remained on location during the day and their number was reduced to 58 during the night.[67] In the early morning of 27 July, a wildfire broke out at a previously unaffected location in the municipality of Komen, but it was soon put under control by a total of 180 firefighters and only an estimated 20ha (49 acres) of land were burnt. A number of smaller fires also broke out in the previously affected areas as firefighters and helicopter crews continued to monitor the situation.[68] In the days that followed, they only reported minor fires that burned without spreading and did not register any significant changes on the Slovenian side of the border. However, a new wildfire started to spread on the Italian side of the border on 28 July, which caused up to 60 Slovenian firefighters and one helicopter to relocate there and assist in the efforts to put it under control.[69] After new periods of rain in the Karst region on 30 July, the Karst wildfires were under control on both sides of the border. However, they were not yet considered fully extinguished and the affected areas on the Slovenian side of the border were monitored by up to 60 firefighters.[70]
On 1 August, it was announced that 10 firefighters would continue to monitor these affected areas as long as it would be assessed that flames could ignite in natural environments. The estimation in regard to the land area affected by the Karst wildfires on the Slovenian side of the border was updated to 3,600ha (8,900 acres) that day, of which approximately 82% were in the municipality of Miren–Kostanjevica. The blazes mostly affected forests and grasslands, but also olive groves and vineyards. They destroyed a mountain hut and several small agricultural buildings, but did not cause any damage to residential buildings and only around 60 cases of minor injuries were recorded.[71] On 3 August, it was reported that the areas affected by the Karst wildfires on the Slovenian side of the border would be cleared of burnt wood within three weeks.[72]
On 1 August, a wildfire broke out on a hill in the vicinity of Lake Bled, a popular tourist destination, affecting a forest and burning above a railway tunnel, but it was extinguished within hours.[73]
On 9 August, a wildfire broke out in a previously unaffected area on the Italy–Slovenia border, burning in a shrubland in the hills near Socerb in the municipality of Koper, further south from the areas affected by the July wildfires in the Karst region. After the blaze was noticed during the night, approximately 80 firefighters and two helicopters were activated to stop its spread. It was thought to be under control by noon, but it started spreading again during the afternoon, when approximately 120 firefighters and several aircraft from both sides of the border were battling the flames. In the evening, the wildfire was reported to be under control, but the location was still closely monitored due to the blowing of the bora.[74] On the morning of 11 August, it was reported that the wildfire was extinguished. The affected area, which encompassed an estimated 100ha (250 acres) of land, was watered and monitored by approximately 150 firefighters and several aircraft the previous day.[75][76]
On 10 August, there were three smaller forest fires near Radovljica, which were extinguished within hours. They broke out next to a railway and were confirmed to have been caused by the braking of a train.[75]
In the early afternoon of 17 August, a forest fire broke out in the hills near Zalog, a neighbourhood on the outskirts of the capital Ljubljana. Two helicopters and more than 110 firefighters were activated to stop its spread. As the night fell, around 60 firefighters stayed on location and successfully put the blaze under control. The area it affected is accessible only by foot and no residential buildings were in danger.[77]
On 19 August, a warning of heightened risk of fires breaking out in natural environments, which was issued for several municipalities on 20 July, was lifted in the municipalities of Miren–Kostanjevica, Renče–Vogrsko and Komen, which were affected by the July wildfires in the Karst region, as well as in the municipality of Koper, which was affected by the wildfire near Socerb earlier in August.[78]
On 6 September, the ARSO confirmed that a total of 4,388ha (10,840 acres) of land were burnt by wildfires in Slovenia in 2022.[79]
Spain
Pyrocumulus clouds over the wildfire near Salamanca, 13 July
In Aragon, on July 18 a fire started in Ateca, burning 14,000 hectares. On August 13 another fire starts, in the Moncayo Range, burning 6,000 hectares. On 14 August, more than 1,500 people were evacuated from Zaragoza, Spain, due to wildfires.
The 2009 Mediterranean wildfires were a series of wildfires that broke out across France, Greece, Italy, Spain, and Turkey in July 2009. Strong winds spread the fire during a hot, dry period of weather killing at least eight people, six of whom were in Spain. Some of the wildfires were caused by lightning, along with arson and military training.
A bushfire season occurred predominantly from June 2009 to May 2010. Increased attention has been given to this season as authorities and government attempt to preempt any future loss of life after the Black Saturday bushfires during the previous season, 2008–09. Long range weather observations predict very hot, dry and windy weather conditions during the summer months, leading to a high risk of bushfire occurrence.
On July 18, 2009, 3 wildfires broke out around the city of West Kelowna, British Columbia during extremely dry and windy conditions. Over 20,000 people were evacuated as a result of the fires. 9,877 hectares of forest was burned along with 4 buildings. All 3 fires were suspected as human caused but the exact ignition source is still unknown.
The 2015 Cape wildfires were a series of wildfires that burned across the Western Cape from February to April 2015. Major fires burned across the Cape Peninsula starting on 1 March in Muizenberg and burning until 9 March, when firefighters extinguished it. The fire resulted in 1 death, 56 injuries, over 6,900 hectares of burnt land, and 13 damaged properties, of which 3 were destroyed. The cause of the fire was later determined to be arson. There were also major fires near Wellington and Porteville starting in February, which claimed the lives of 3 firefighters and a fire in Stellenbosch that caused the evacuation of the University of Stellenbosch and burned over 2,900 hectares of land.
A major wildfire occurred from 19 August 1949 to 25 August 1949 in the Landes forest in France. 50,000 hectares (500 km2) of forest land were burnt - and 82 people killed. It was considered the most deadly forest fire in Europe until the 2007 wildfires and the 2018 wildfires occurred in Greece, which killed 84 and 99 people, respectively. Since both events in Greece can be distinguished as multiple fire events, the Landes fire still ranks as the deadliest wildfire in Europe since record-keeping began. The municipalities of Cestas, Saucats, Marcheprime and Mios in the Gironde department were devastated by the forest fire. The very high dead toll from the fire shocked the country – and marked the starting point for the construction of the “Défense de la forêt contre les incendies” System.
2019 United Kingdom wildfires were a series of wildfires that began on 26 February 2019 and ended on 18 May 2019. The series of wildfires was considered unusual due to the fact that they took place early in the year. Areas affected by the wildfires in 2019 included those that had already been burnt by wildfires during the summer of 2018. The fires have created many air pollution problems for the UK. The causes of most of the fires have been attributed to much higher than average temperatures and drought conditions that have prevailed since the spring of 2018. There were 137 wildfires larger than 25 hectares (250,000 m2) recorded in the United Kingdom in 2019. This beats the previous record of 79 from 2018.
During August 2019, a number of forest fires broke out in the Canary Islands of Gran Canaria, Tenerife and Lanzarote. The fires on the island of Gran Canaria were the most severe, resulting in the loss of large areas of the island's forests and leading to the evacuation of thousands of residents from a number of towns and villages. The intense heat brought by a heat wave and the presence of strong winds, combined with the island's mountainous terrain, made extinguishing activities exceptionally difficult.
A megafire is an exceptional fire that devastates a large area. They are characterised by their intensity, size, duration and uncontrollable scale. There is no precise scientific definition.
Binta Lake Fire was a lightning-caused wildfire in Southeast of Burns Lake, British Columbia that started on Wednesday, July 28, 2010, and lasted for more than a month. It was the largest fire in the province in 2010. The fire burned a total area of 400 square kilometers. The fire caused thick smoke in surrounding areas, evacuation orders in the region, and damaged merchantable timber.
Woodbury Fire was a wildfire in the Superstition Wilderness, northwest of Superior, Arizona, that started on June 8, 2019. The fire burned a total area of 123,875 acres. It was the fifth largest wildfire in Arizona’s history. The blaze caused the evacuation of homes, road and campground closures, endangered wildlife habitats, and the destruction of hiking trails and archaeological sites.
The LNU Lightning Complex fires were a large complex of wildfires that burned during the 2020 California wildfire season across much of the Wine Country area of Northern California – Lake, Napa, Sonoma, Solano, and Yolo Counties, from August 17 to October 2, 2020. The complex was composed of numerous lightning-sparked fires, most of which were small. While they ignited separately from each other, the Hennessey Fire eventually grew to merge with the Gamble, Green, Markley, Spanish, and Morgan fires, scorching 192,000 acres (777 km2) by itself, for a total burn area of 363,220 acres (1,470 km2) in the complex. The fire, which burned in the hills surrounding several large cities, such as Fairfield, Napa, and Vacaville, destroyed 1,491 structures and damaged a further 232. In all, six people were killed and another five injured. The LNU Lightning Complex is the seventh-largest wildfire in the recorded history of California.
The 2020 Córdoba wildfires are a series of wildfires burning through the Córdoba Province in Argentina.
The 2021 Greece wildfires were multiple wildfires in Greece in August 2021, which killed 3 people, injured at least 20 others and burned dozens of homes, after a historic heatwave for the country, with the highest temperatures reaching 47.1 °C (116.8 °F). Authorities evacuated several villages and towns. According to BBC News, Greece experienced the worst heatwave since 1987. These fires were the worst fires in Greece since the 2007 Greek forest fires which burnt more than double the area of the 2021 fires.
The 2021 Algeria wildfires were multiple wildfires that happened in the Kabylia region of Algeria since 9 August 2021, which have killed 90 people, including 57 civilians and 33 soldiers. The soldiers died after being trapped in the blaze during rescue operations.
Events in the year 2022 in Slovenia.
The Landes de Gascogne, or Gascony Moors, is a natural region of France of nearly 14,000 km2 (5,400 sq mi). It extends over three departments: Gironde, Landes and Lot-et-Garonne, and includes 386 communes. The region is a flat, sandy plain in the west of the Aquitaine Basin beside the Atlantic Ocean. The interior is cut off from the sea by a barrier of dunes. It is dominated by pine forests that cover 66% of the territory, with islets of agriculture over 18% of the territory.
The 2022 United Kingdom heatwaves were part of several heatwaves across Europe and North Africa. The United Kingdom experienced three heatwaves; the first was for three days in June, the second for three days in July, and the third for six days in August. These were periods of unusually hot weather caused by rising high pressure up from the European continent. There were also more grass fires and wildfires than average, and in August a drought was declared in many regions.
From June to August 2022, persistent heatwaves affected parts of Europe, causing evacuations and killing tens of thousands. These heat waves were the deadliest meteorological events in 2022. The highest temperature recorded was 47.0 °C (116.6 °F) in Pinhão, Portugal, on 14 July.
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